2158 例神经管缺陷儿的产前B型超声波诊断分析

回顾性分析1990～1993年全国28省、市、自治区233所医院,住院分娩的孕满28周的2158例神经管缺陷儿的产前诊断情况,了解我国神经管缺陷儿产前B型超声波诊断情况.结果显示:我国神经管缺陷产前诊断的比例为61.8%,产前B型超声波诊断的比例为56.5%,其中无脑畸形、脑膜脑膨出、脊髓外翻的产前B型超声波诊断比例分别为66.7% 、62.5%、52.5%.胸段(46.4%)、腰段(43.4%)的脊柱裂产前B型超声波诊断的病例较颈段 (35.5%)、骶段(31.7%)高(P<0.05).省级、市级、县级及部队工矿医院神经管缺陷的产前B型超声波诊断比例分别为55.7%、59.4%、49.0%、57.2%.1991～1993年神经管缺陷产前B型超声波诊断比例分别为53.5%、55.8%、60.7%、54.7%.无脑畸形、脑膜脑膨出、脊髓外翻产前B型超声波诊断的比例较高.     

青海省甘德县人群包虫病流行病学调查

用Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｂ超、Ｘ线在果洛州甘德县进行了人群包虫病的流行病学调查。结果表明,人群包虫病血清阳性率为１０．８３％。男性和女性分别为９．２９％和１２．９２％。Ｂ超、Ｘ线检查阳性率为５．７７％,男性和女性分别为４．８３％和７．０５％。女性高于男性不同职业血清阳性率和Ｂ超、Ｘ线检查阳性率均以牧民最高（１７．５６＾和１１．５６％）随年龄增加,人群包虫病血清阳性率和Ｂ超、Ｘ线检查阳性率越高。不同地     

59例老年人肺结核临床特点分析

目的 探讨老年人肺结核病的临床特点,方法 回顾性分析了５９例６０岁以上老年肺结核的临床表现、肺Ｘ线特征、诊断及效果。结果 ①５９例患以肺结核诊断入院２１例（３５．６％）,其他疾病（非结核病）入院３８例（６４．４％）,其中１４例为复发性肺结核;②５４例（９１．５％）合并有不同脏器疾病;③４４例经抗结核治疗后治愈或好转,总有效率为７４．６％;④死亡７例（１３．４％）,其中因确诊晚未及治疗的３例,     

基于多尺度特征融合与反向注意力的COVID-19病灶分割

针对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）分割问题中感染区域具有高变异性以及病灶与背景对比度低等问题,提出一种基于多尺度特征融合与反向注意力的COVID-19感染分割网络。首先,利用残差网络作为主干网络进行特征提取,并使用全局上下文聚合策略对不同层次特征进行融合得到粗略的分割结果;其次,在网络瓶颈处添加多尺度特征融合模块,利用空洞卷积与多核池化增强网络分割不同尺度病变的能力;最后,设计一种级联结构的反向注意力模块,利用互补区域的细节特征增强背景与目标的对比度。本文方法在COVID-19 CT分割测试集上的准确率、特异性、灵敏度分别达到0.714、0.700和0.958,误检和漏检区域明显减少,细小病灶的分割能力显著提升。     

Three quantitative ultrasound parameters reflect bone structure

We investigated whether quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters are associated with bone structure. In an in vitro study on 20 cubes of trabecular bone, we measured broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and two newly defined parameters—ultrasound velocity through bone (UVB) and ultrasound attenuation in bone (UAB). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone structure was assessed by microcomputed tomography (CT) with approximately 80 m spatial resolution. We found all three QUS parameters to be significantly associated with bone structure independently of BMD. UVB was largely influenced by trabecular separation, UAB by connectivity, and BUA by a combination of both. For a one standard deviation (SD) increase in UVB, a decrease in trabecular separation of 1.2 SD was required compared with a 1.4 SD increase in BMD for the same effect. A 1.0 SD increase in UAB required a reduction in connectivity of 1.4 SD. Multivariate models of QUS versus BMD combined with bone structure parameters showed squared correlation coefficients of r²=0.70–0.85 for UVB, r²=0.27–0.56 for UAB, and r²=0.30–0.68 for BUA compared with r²=0.18–0.58 for UVB, r²<0.26 for UAB and r²<0.13 for BUA for models including BMD alone. QUS thus reflects bone structure, and a combined analysis of QUS and BMD will allow for a more comprehensive assessment of skeletal status than either method alone.     

Ultrasound of femoral head cartilage: a new method of assessing bone age

This paper analyses the relationship between the thickness of the anterior femoral head cartilage (FHC), as measured by ultrasound, and some anthropometric parameters, such as height, weight, skeletal and chronological age. In addition, it provides standard norms for FHC thickness in a paediatric population. Both hips were examined in 213 consecutive subjects (99 boys and 114 girls), aged 1.9–14 years. Seventy-four subjects underwent hand and wrist X-rays for skeletal maturation: 32 of these were dropped from the study because a discrepancy as high as two standard deviations was found between their skeletal and their chronological age. The thickness of FHC correlated strongly with skeletal and chronological age, standing height and body weight. A side difference of 0.2 mm in FHC was considered to be abnormal. The study population was divided into 13 groups according to chronological age and values of FHC for boys and girls are provided for each group. It is suggested that the magnitude of hyaline FHC is a valuable feature in the evaluation of skeletal maturation in children.     

慢性苯中毒患者34例骨髓象的临床观察

目的　通过对慢性苯中毒患者骨髓象分析,了解其临床类型特点。方法　按诊断标准对患者进行分组诊断,３４ 例患者均进行骨髓穿刺,选取材、涂片、染色好的骨髓片计数有核细胞２００ 个,进行分类并观察细胞形态。结果　除２ 例再生障碍性贫血（ 简称再障） 患者外,其他患者均表现骨髓增生活跃或明显活跃,但各组患者粒红比值均数低于正常值均数。骨髓增生异常综合征（ Ｍ Ｄ Ｓ） 患者骨髓中原粒和早幼粒细胞百分率高于正常,分别为５ ．０８ 和７ ．８５（ 正常参考值分别为０ ．６４ 和１ ．５９） ,粒细胞和红细胞有细胞形态异常和核畸形。结论　慢性苯中毒可以导致 Ｍ Ｄ Ｓ,慢性重度苯中毒患者 Ｍ Ｄ Ｓ 发病率高于再障,应考虑将骨髓象检查列为苯中毒诊断的必要项目。     

一起病毒性心肌炎爆发流行的调查分析

目的：阐明病因和流行因素,为本病的防治提供依据。方法：对疫区环境和人群进行现场流行病学调查,同时采集患者和高危人群的血和粪便等标本用细胞和乳小白鼠进行病原分离和血清中和抗体检测,用原代猴肾细胞进行病毒鉴定。结果：本次流行发病９１人,病死１３人,罹患率为１４８５％;病死率为１４６１％。临床和病理诊断为病毒性心肌炎,流行病学调查结果也符合病毒性心肌炎的流行特点。从患者体内分离到６株柯萨奇Ｂ４病毒,患者和高危人群血清中柯萨奇Ｂ４病毒抗体有升高。结论：本次心肌炎爆发流行是由柯萨奇Ｂ４病毒污染水源引起。     

84例女性盆腔包块的超声诊断分析

目的：评价Ｂ超对女性盆腔包块的诊断价值。方法：对８４例经手术、病理等方法证实的女性盆腔包块的超声诊断进行分析,并分析误诊原因。结果：超声诊断正确率分别为子宫肌瘤组９１４３％;卵巢肿瘤组８４２１％;异位妊娠组８０％;滋养层细胞肿瘤组８８８９％;盆腔炎性包块组８３３３％。结论：Ｂ超对女性盆腔包块的诊断有较高的价值。