Mesenteric cyst with milk of calcium

A mesenteric cyst with milk of calcium in an adult patient is presented. Preoperative evaluation included plain film, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To our knowledge, the presence of milk of calcium in a mesenteric cyst has not been previously described.     

医科院校师生对考试现状看法的调查与分析

医科院校的考试主要是学科考试。调查显示，教师和学生对目前的学科考试模式评价均不高，存在的最主要弊端是考试方法单一，考试管理不够科学、严谨，考风不好；认为作弊的主要原因在于学生自己学习不努力、社会风气影响以及学校对教师和学生要求不够严格。因此，要搞好考试改革，提高考试质量，必须着重从改革考试方法、加强考试管理的改革与研究、整顿考风、制定科学的成绩评定方法、加强能力考核、实施教考分离等方面进行探索与实践。     

汉语失写检查法及其在失写症检查中的临床应用

根据汉语文字的特点，书写行为的相关因素及我国文化背景的具体情况，设计了一套用于评定汉语失写症患者书写能力的方法，包括自动书写、抄写、听写、看图书写、主动书写及书写相关能力检查６个部分。通过临床应用，初步显示了该检查法在失写症评估中的可靠性和实用性。     

骨髓转移癌的骨髓象诊断及临床分析

目的 探讨临床表现及骨髓象改变在骨髓转移癌患者诊断中的意义。方法 对41例骨髓转移癌患者的临床资料及骨髓象进行分析，观察主要临床改变。结果 所有病例均在髓片可找到多少不等的成团、成簇的转移癌细胞，且形态学可见明显异常改变。结论 对明确诊断为恶性肿瘤的患者常规骨髓穿刺涂片可早期发现骨髓转移，多部位或多次穿刺涂片可提高阳性发现率。     

Development of phantom for radiographic image optimization of standard patient in the lateral view of chest and skull examination

We present the construction of a homogeneous phantom to be used in simulating the scattering and absorption of X-rays by a standard patient chest and skull when irradiated laterally. This phantom consisted of lucite and aluminium plates with their thickness determined by a tomographic exploratory method applied to the anthropomorphic phantom. Using this phantom, an optimized radiographic technique was established for chest and skull of standard sized patient in lateral view. Images generated with this optimized technique demonstrated improved image quality and reduced radiation doses.     

Appendizitissonographie durch chirurgen — Erfahrungssache? Eine prospektive studie

A number of studies have shown that ultrasound has an advantage over physical examination in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Most of these studies were conducted by experts in the field of ultrasonography. In this study the influence of experience on the results of the sonography of actue appendicitis were evaluated. All 203 patients admitted to our unit between December 1990 and December 1992 were examined physically and sonographically by a team of surgeons consisting of one experienced sonographer and six inexperienced surgical trainees. Laparotomy was performed in 136 patients (46%). Appendicitis was demonstrated histologically in 119 cases (39.4%). Initial clinical findings were positive in 87 (28.8%). Sonography was positive in 119 patients (39.4%). The 163 patients not operated on demonstrated other pathology on ultrasound in 60 cases (19.9%). The rate of negative laparotomies amounted to 7.2% in our study. Sensitivity and specificity for the sonographic diagnosis were 92% and 95%, respectively. They were only 81% and 80% for physical examination. Overall accuracy was 92% for sonography. Sensitivity and specificity for the inexperienced surgeons were 87% and 93%, respectively, while the experienced surgeon reached values of 97% and 98%, respectively. The results of both groups are comparable with values in the literature, suggesting that ultrasound evaluation of appendicitis is not a diagnostic tool limited to a few experienced sonographers.     

Ultrasonography in the detection of cervical incompetency

In 80 pregnancies with clinical and ultrasonic signs of cervical incompetency, the length of the cervix and the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment have been evaluated ultrasonically. We have also measured the width of the endocervical canal and studied the prolapse of fetal membranes (with fetal parts) into the endocervical canal. We evaluated these same parameters in 80 healthy pregnancies. The length of the cervix, the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment, and the width of the endocervical canal were followed longitudinally in the patients from the 10th to the 36th gestation week. No statistically significant differences between age groups were found. In four age groups at risk for cervical incompetency, cervical lengths and wall thickness were significantly different (p less than 0.001) from those in comparable controls. Forty-five percent of the patients in the at-risk group, with cervical cerclage, delivered at 37.3 (range: 32 to 41) weeks and 6.25% of pregnancies ended in abortion when the amniotic membrane herniated into the cervical canal, with or without some part of the fetus.     

86例异位妊娠的超声诊断价值

目的：探讨B超对异位妊娠的诊断价值。方法：对2004年1月～2009年1月的86例异位妊娠患者，采用超声诊断仪进行检查、分析。结果：超声检查的86例异位妊娠患者，诊断符合84例，确诊率为97．6％，误诊2例，误诊率为2．4％。结论：超声检查有着无创性、可重复性等不可比拟的优越性，为异位妊娠患者的诊断及治疗提供了可靠的依据。     

17例无绳胶囊内镜检查临床分析

目的通过对无绳胶囊内镜检查情况分析，评价胶囊内镜检查在临床上应用的效果。方法对17例疑小肠疾病或不能耐受胃镜检查的病人或体检者行胶囊内镜检查，并对其结果进行分析。结果所有病人检查无不适感，15例完成小肠检查，2例胶囊分别滞留于食管、胃。7例不明原因胃肠道出血中5例完成小肠检查。均发现了小肠病变。结论胶囊内镜检查是一种无痛苦、无创、安全的上消化道检查，是小肠疾病尤其是不明原因胃肠道出血诊断的首选方法。     

Risk factors of type 2 diabetes among Korean adults: The 2001 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey

This study aimed to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korea, a rapidly changing country. Data of 5,132 adults aged 20-85 were used from the 2001 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for T2D. Three models were specified: (i) socioeconomic and demographic factors (model 1: age, gender, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) behavioral risk factors and covariates (model 2: obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary quality, family history of T2D, co-morbidity) and (iii) socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors (model 3). The prevalence of T2D was 7.4%. Less education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84), age (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.56-3.08 in 40-59 yrs, OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.76-5.95 in 60 yrs + comparing to 20-39 yrs) and abdominal obesity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.79-2.82) were risk factors for T2D even after controlling for other factors simultaneously. There was a significant association of T2D with ever smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.67). The relationship of age with T2D was modified by gender in model 1 and the relationship of smoking with T2D was modified by obesity in model 2. Less educated, older, obese or ever smokers were more likely to have T2D. Gender mediated the relationship of age, and obesity mediated the relationship of smoking, with T2D. Intervention programs for T2D in Korea should take the interactions among risk factors into account.