预防医学考试试卷分析与评价

目的分析并评价郧阳医学院 2 0 0 0级本科临床医学专业预防医学期末考试试卷。方法随机选择 2 0 0 0级本科临床医学专业 3 5 1名学生的期末考试试卷进行统计分析。结果考试成绩呈负偏态分布 ,平均成绩为 72 3分 ,标准差为9 77分 ,试卷信度为 0 99。结论本试卷能较全面地考核学生对课程的掌握程度 ,但是也反映出学生综合应用试题得分较低、某些试题难易不当等问题 ,为改进教学质量提供了参考依据     

超声引导穿刺置入微导管法治疗恶性心包积液的评价

目的探讨超声引导下穿刺置入微导管法在恶性心包积液治疗中的价值.方法13例恶性心包积液在超声引导下进行心包穿刺,置入硬膜外麻醉导管（微导管）,通过导管抽出心包积液并注入化疗药物.结果13例均成功穿刺并顺利置入微导管,引流积液400～780 ml,平均530 ml.治疗后3、12、24个月存活率分别为92%（12/13）,78%（7/9）和60%（3/5）,无心包积液复发.结论超声引导穿刺置入微导管法治疗恶性心包积液安全、微创、有效、可行.     

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy: Factors of Error Involved in the Diagnosis and Treatment

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), a common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, has a distinct clinical and electroencephalographic profile. Often JME is not recognized, with serious consequences on the sufferers. We examined factors contributing to the missed diagnosis even in an epilepsy clinic. Of 70 JME patients, 66 (91.4%) were not diagnosed on referral and 22 (33%) were not initially recognized in the epilepsy clinic. The correct diagnosis was established after a mean of 8.3 +/- 5.5 years from disease onset and an interval of 17.7 +/- 10.4 months from first evaluation in the epilepsy clinic. Myoclonic jerks, the hallmark of the disease, were not usually reported by patients. Similarly, relevant questioning may not be included in the history. Absence seizures antedating jerks by many years, myoclonic jerks reported as unilateral, generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring during sleep and focal EEG abnormalities are other factors contributing to not recognizing JME. Our study reemphasizes the need to have not only a correct seizure diagnosis but also a correct epilepsy-disease diagnosis.     

继发性肝癌的联合治疗

采用手术切除联合术后B超引导肝内门静脉区域化疗（简称PHPC）治疗胃肠道癌异时肝转移24例。随访4～54个月，结果：术后经3个疗程的PHPC，8例已存活肥18～48个月；13例分别经过2～11次的PHPC，已存活5～39p个月；另3例死亡。作者认为，对继发性肝癌采用手术切除配合术后B超引导的PHPC是一种延长患者生存期的有效联合治疗方案。     

Donor left ventricular hypertrophy increases risk for early graft failure

A review of factors contributing to early mortality after cardiac transplantation revealed that up to 25 % of deaths were due to primary graft dysfunction unrelated to rejection or infection. In light of this finding, evaluation of a donor heart with regard to its suitability for transplantation takes on added importance. In an effort to screen the suitability of donor hearts in the region covered by the Northwest Organ Procurement Agency (USA), all donors are evaluated by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography as part of the initial evaluation. A total of 110 donor echocardiograms were reviewed and an attempt was made to correlate the 30-day outcome with the parameters measured. An unexpected finding was that the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in the donor heart was associated with an increase in the incidence of donor heart dysfunction compared with donors with normal echocardiographic profiles (33 % vs 3 %, P = 0.007). Received: 12 February 1996 Received after resision: 27 June 1997 Accepted: 14 July 1997     

子宫内膜增生性病变与子宫内膜癌的超声诊断价值

目的:探讨子宫内膜增生性病变与子宫内膜癌的超声鉴别诊断及内膜癌肌浸程度的估价.方法:采用术前B超、术后大体标本观察测量,对123例子宫内膜病变患者的声像图资料进行分析并与手术后病理结果对照.结果:①子宫内膜病变者子宫三径之和平均值均大于正常值;②58.6%的子宫内膜增生过长病变患者内膜形态以条形、梭形和正常形态回声;35%的Ⅱ期以上子宫内膜癌患者内膜回声以积液为主兼有其它图像类型;③大于50岁患者不同病理类型病变的子宫内膜平均厚度均超过其正常内膜厚度值,但无明显的规律性.小于50岁的患者内膜增厚主要以子宫内膜增生过长病变为主占48%;④通过超声测量子宫内膜厚度判断子宫内膜癌浅肌层和深肌层浸润符合率均为71.4%.结论:超声检查对判断子宫内膜病变病理类型有一定帮助,内膜厚度、内膜形态、回声特点、及内膜与肌层间的关系等,仅提示病变存在的可能性,要鉴别病变的良恶性、肌层浸润深度,须根据上述回声特点进行综合分析.     

对儿童X线体检中减少照射剂量的探讨

目的:探讨儿童在X线体检中减少照射剂量的方法。方法:应用东芝500mA遥控X线机、FJ-427型热释光剂量仪等设备,对100名3~5岁儿童体检时,随机分成两个对照组、每组50名,分别接受胸透或平片检查,对检查测得数据均进行统计学处理。结果:胸透时胸部接受的照射剂量是平片的22倍多,其它部位接受的X线散射剂量平均值之比亦在20~30倍之间。结论:在儿童X线体检中应采用常规胸片替代胸透,可以有效地降低其辐射危害。     

歼击机飞行员改装体检脊柱病症的医学鉴定

目的对近几年来我院改装体检歼击机飞行员脊柱病症健康鉴定进行归纳总结。方法收集分析了261例歼击机飞行员体检和X线、CT的影像诊断资料,并对因脊柱病症体检不合格资料进行统计学分析。结果歼击机飞行员体检中,脊柱影像诊断中以腰椎间盘突出(49例)最多,但多数没有相应的临床症状,有20例因脊柱病症不合格,其中腰椎双侧峡部裂伴Ⅰ°滑脱9例,占不合格总数的45%,是不合格的主要原因。结论外科体检中应该重点加强对脊柱的检查,影像诊断应结合症状和脊柱功能作出鉴定,必要时应作随访观察。