胎儿血流速度波形预测围产儿预后的价值

应用彩色多普勒超声对１０４例晚期妊娠妇女进行胎儿脐动脉（ＵＡ）、肾动脉（ＲＡ）及大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）的血流速度波形（ＦＶＷｓ）检查。多普勒指标包括ＵＡ、ＲＡ和ＭＣＡ的搏动指数（ＰＩ）、ＭＣＡ与ＵＡ的ＰＩ比值（Ｍ／ＵＮ）和ＭＣＡ与ＲＡ的ＰＩ比值（Ｍ／ＲＰＩ）。围产儿预后不良的标准包括：（１）新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分＜７分。（２）新生儿出生体重≤相应胎龄的第１０百分位数。（３）羊水过少或羊水混浊。结果显示：所有多普勒指标与围产儿预后均有明显相关性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；作为预测围产儿预后的指标，它们的特异性差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），Ｍ／ＲＰＩ和Ｍ／ＵＰＩ的敏感性明显高于ＵＡＰＩ、ＲＡＰＩ和ＭＣＡＰＩ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而且，Ｍ／ＲＰＩ、Ｍ／ＵＰＩ、ＭＣＡＰＩ和ＲＡＰＩ预测围产儿预后的敏感性和特异性在正常妊娠和高危妊娠之间无明显差别，而ＵＡＰＩ在高危妊娠时的敏感性明显高于正常妊娠（Ｐ＜０．０５）。说明：所有多普勒指标与围产儿预后有关，但是作为预测围产儿预后的指标，Ｍ／ＲＰＩ和Ｍ／ＵＰＩ比其它指标准确，而且，不受各种高危因素影响。     

超声三维成像综述

本文对超声三维成像的发展及国内外的研究现状进行了综述，简单介绍了超声三维成像的理论和方法，另外，将超声三维成像在临床中的应用做了较为广泛的概括，最后，文中讨论了影响三维重建效果的因素，并提出了一些值得关注的研究方向。     

Versatile microcomputer-based system for the capture,storage and processing of spectrum-analysed Doppler ultrasound blood flow signals

The evaluation of any method of analysis of Doppler ultrasound blood flow signals is involved and time consuming because of the considerable time necessary to investigate a statistically significant representative population of arteriopathic blood flow waveforms. To overcome these problems we have developed a microcomputer-based system for the capture, storage and processing of spectrum-analysed Doppler ultrasound blood flow signals. This system allows the collection and storage on floppy disk of waveforms from many sites in a large population of arteriopaths and their later analysis using any desired method. Having thus created on disk a suitable population of arteriopathic waveforms the evaluation of any method of waveform analysis, whether existing or new, is a much more convenient and far less time-consuming process. The system described is extremely versatile, for example in addition to the collection of data for postprocessing the system is also used for the real-time analysis of blood flow waveforms.     

高强度聚焦超声体外治疗肝肿瘤的剂量学研究

目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声（ＨＦＵ）破坏肝肿瘤剂量与效应的关系。为ＨＩＦＵ体外治疗肝肿瘤的临床剂量学提供参考数据,方法 在换能器聚焦参数和工作为的前提下,观察并测定不同的输出功率、单次脉冲时间和治疗总时间致离体牛肝组织和活体猪肝脏靶区内组织凝固性坏死灶的大小。结果 肝组织内凝固性坏死灶的大小是可变的,且可能与ＨＩＦＵ治疗剂量和活体组织的生物学特性有关系。结论 肝脏靶区出现凝固性坏死是聚焦超声束作用于     

HIFU消融治疗中监控定位的B超伪像

目的 探讨HIFU消融治疗中B超伪像到探头、探头到目标组织以及治疗头到目标组织三者之间的距离关系. 方法 在不同位置固定治疗头到目标组织的距离,分别测量伪像到探头以及目标组织到探头之间的距离. 结果伪像到探头的距离和目标组织到探头的距离之间呈线性变化关系. 结论 本实验中伪像的形成主要由B超探头引起,与治疗头的位置基本无关.     

超声声致孔隙效应增强兔前列腺组织通透性的研究

目的 探讨超声联合造影剂微泡的超声声致孔隙效应开放血-前列腺屏障,提高前列腺组织通透性的可行性.方法 15只健康8月龄性成熟新西兰兔,随机分为单纯微泡组、单纯超声组、超声联合微泡辐照组,超声直接辐照前列腺,荧光显微镜、体视显微镜、伊文思蓝(EB)示踪观察前列腺组织通透性的变化.结果 体视显微镜下超声联合微泡辐照组前列腺组织可见蓝色EB分布于前列腺包膜,部分EB渗透到腺体实质,腺体呈均匀蓝染,单纯超声组及单纯微泡组EB均分布于包膜,腺体实质部分渗透不明显.单纯超声组、单纯微泡组、超声联合微泡辐照组前列腺冰冻切片均可见红色EB荧光分布;经苏木素复染后可见超声联合微泡辐照组腺体管腔内有EB荧光,而单纯超声组、单纯微泡组均未见管腔内红色EB荧光;超声联合微泡辐照组前列腺EB平均浓度较单纯超声组、单纯微泡组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),单纯微泡组及单纯超声组EB浓度均值未见显著差异(P>0.05).结论 超声联合造影剂微泡的超声声致孔隙效应可以有效开放血-前列腺屏障,明显提高兔前列腺组织通透性.     

3D spatial compounding of ultrasound images using image-based nonrigid registration

Medical ultrasound images are often distorted enough to significantly limit resolution during compounding (i.e., summation of images from multiple views). A new, volumetric image registration technique has been used successfully to enable high spatial resolution in three-dimensional (3D) spatial compounding of ultrasound images. Volumetric ultrasound data were acquired by scanning a linear matrix array probe in the elevational direction in a focal lesion phantom and in a breast in vivo. To obtain partly uncorrelated views, the volume of interest was scanned at five different transducer tilt angles separated by 4° to 6°. Pairs of separate views were registered by an automatic procedure based on a mutual information metric, using global full affine and thin-plate spline warping transformations. Registration accuracy was analyzed automatically in the phantom data, and manually in vivo, yielding average registration errors of 0.31 mm and 0.65 mm, respectively. In the vicinity of the warping control points, registrations obtained with warping transformations were significantly more accurate than full affine registrations. Compounded images displayed the expected reduction in speckle noise and increase in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), as well as better delineation of connective tissues and reduced shadowing. Compounding also revealed some apparent low contrast lobulations that were not visible in the single-sweep images. Given expected algorithmic and hardware enhancements, nonrigid, image-based registration shows great promise for reducing tissue motion and refraction artifacts in 3D spatial compounding.     

脂肪肝的CT及B超诊断

目的：探讨ＣＴ及Ｂ超检查对脂肪肝的诊断价值及特征性表现。方法：作者回顾分析了脂肪肝的９８例ＣＴ及７８例Ｂ超资料。结果：９８例ＣＴ中肝内血管及腹膜显影各３６例；７８例Ｂ超中３３例肝内血管回声减弱，２３例纤维隔回声减弱。结论：ＣＴ中腹膜显影原因在于肝脏密度的减低。根据ＣＴ中肝密度减低程度、肝脾ＣＴ值之比、肝内血管显示、肝表面腹膜显影程度将脂肪肝分成三级。Ｂ超中相应有肝回声增强光点密集程度、肝内血管纤维隔回声减弱程度的三级改变。据此可对脂肪肝病变程度、肝功能实质状况做出估价，对临床治疗及预后均有重要参考价值。     

实时超声显象诊断卵巢肿瘤的探讨：附211例报告

分析了经手术和病理证实的211例卵巢肿瘤的超声检查结果。其中良性186例,恶性25例。超声检查良性符合率93.5％(174/186),恶性符合率92％(23/25)。超声直接提示病理诊断良、恶性符合率分别为84.4％(157/186)和68％(17/25)对卵巢肿瘤的组织形态学表现与声象图特点及鉴别诊断进行了讨论。     

三维超声在前列腺疾患诊断中的应用：（附301例报告）

应用奥地利Ｃｏｍｂｉｓｏｎ３３０型三维超声诊断仪经腹、经直肠同时观察３０１例前列腺获得高质量的前列腺声象图。直肠途径（ＴＲＡ）超声显像准确率１００％，明显高于腹壁途径（ＴＡＡ），前者能够清晰显示前列腺内部结构；直观尿道排尿发现尿道梗阻动态变化与前列腺体积不成正比，与增生结节压迫程度及部位有关；由于在同一部位可取得三个径线，并自动计算而使前列腺体积测量准确性提高。