shRNA结合131I-免疫脂质体抑制胶质瘤细胞U251增殖的初步研究

目的 探索RNA干扰与131I-免疫脂质体联用在胶质瘤疾病治疗中的潜在价值.方法 在合成pGPU6-GFP-Neo-EGFRvⅢ-shRNA表达载体的基础上,结合核素内放射性131I免疫脂质体,进行细胞实验探索其对胶质瘤细胞U251增殖凋亡的影响.结果 成功构建pGPU6-GFP-Neo-EGFRvⅢ-shRNA载体;同时细胞实验结果显示,shRNA和131I免疫脂质体联用有效抑制胶质瘤细胞U251增殖和促进其凋亡,抑制率达70％.结论 shRNA结合131I免疫脂质体能高效地促凋亡和抑制细胞增殖,为其在胶质瘤治疗中的应用奠定了初步基础.     

The comparison of effects of processed Aconiti tuber, U50488H and MK-801 on the antinociceptive tolerance to morphine

In the previous studies, we demonstrated that an oriental herbal medicine, processed Aconiti tuber (PAT), at subanalgesic doses could inhibit or reverse the antinociceptive tolerance to morphine. In the present study, we compared the effect of PAT, trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidin)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide methane sulfonate hydrate (U50488H), a selective kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and (-)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine-maleate (MK-801), a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on the antinociceptive tolerance to morphine in the same experimental condition. Mice received subcutaneous morphine (10 mg/kg), and oral PAT at a subanalgesic dose (0.3 g/kg for mechanical or 1.0 g/kg for thermal test), or intraperitoneal U50488H at a subanalgesic dose (3 mg/kg), or MK-801 at a subanalgesic dose (0.1 mg/kg) once daily for 14 days. The mechanical nociceptive threshold was measured before, and at 60 min by tail pressure testing, and thermal nociceptive latency was measured before, and at 30 min by hot plate testing, after daily morphine injections. PAT and U50488H could not only inhibit the development of morphine tolerance but also reverse the already-developed morphine tolerance, while MK-801 could only inhibit the development of morphine tolerance but not reverse the already-developed morphine tolerance, in both mechanical and thermal nociceptive tests. These data suggested that PAT, an indirect-acting KOR agonist, share the common pharmacological property of KOR agonists on morphine tolerance, and that PAT may be superior to some NMDA receptor antagonists which do not reverse already-developed morphine tolerance.     

骨化三醇治疗慢性肾病非透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进疗效观察

【目的】探讨骨化三醇治疗慢性肾病非透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的疗效。【方法】以本院收治的37例合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的慢性肾病非透析患者作为研究对象,根据患者血清全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）水平确定骨化三醇[1,25-（OH）2-D3]的给药剂量,对所有患者治疗前及治疗后第4、8和12周时的血钙（Ca）、血磷（P）,钙磷乘积（Ca＆#215;P）及血清iPTH水平进行监测,同时观察其不良反应发生情况。【结果】所有患者均顺利完成治疗及随访,无一例发生明显副反应。经治疗后,10例骨痛患者有8例骨痛消失,另2例骨痛改善不明显,6例皮肤瘙痒患者症状全部消失。血iPTH水平在治疗后4周、8周和12周呈持续下降趋势,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;而血Ca、血P和Ca＆#215;P与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。【结论】骨化三醇治疗慢性肾病非透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进疗效显著,不良反应轻,安全可靠。     

23G玻璃体切除联合重水辅助下超声乳化摘除术治疗晶状体后脱位的临床观察

【目的】探讨23G玻璃体切除重水辅助下脱位晶状体超声乳化摘除治疗晶状体后脱位的疗效。【方法】11例11眼晶状体脱位患者,行23G玻璃体切除后重水浮起脱位晶状体至虹膜平面,常规透明角膜切口行标准超声乳化摘除脱位晶状体。液体‐重水置换吸除重水。连续环形撕囊完整者,植入人工晶状体于睫状沟位或将人工晶状体缝线固定于巩膜,线结埋于巩膜瓣下。观察术后最佳矫正视力、手术并发症。【结果】术后所有患者视力均提高,其中大于0．5者5眼,0．3～0．5者3眼,0．1～0．3者3眼。无术后高眼压,眼内出血,视网膜脱离等并发症。【结论】23G玻璃体切除联合重水下超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术治疗晶状体后脱位是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

Concentration�CResponse Function for Ozone and Daily Mortality: Results from Five Urban and Five Rural U.K. Populations

Background: Short-term exposure to ozone has been associated with increased daily mortality. The shape of the concentration–response relationship—and, in particular, if there is a threshold—is critical for estimating public health impacts.Objective: We investigated the concentration–response relationship between daily ozone and mortality in five urban and five rural areas in the United Kingdom from 1993 to 2006.Methods: We used Poisson regression, controlling for seasonality, temperature, and influenza, to investigate associations between daily maximum 8-hr ozone and daily all-cause mortality, assuming linear, linear-threshold, and spline models for all-year and season-specific periods. We examined sensitivity to adjustment for particles (urban areas only) and alternative temperature metrics.Results: In all-year analyses, we found clear evidence for a threshold in the concentration–response relationship between ozone and all-cause mortality in London at 65 µg/m³ [95% confidence interval (CI): 58, 83] but little evidence of a threshold in other urban or rural areas. Combined linear effect estimates for all-cause mortality were comparable for urban and rural areas: 0.48% (95% CI: 0.35, 0.60) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0.36, 0.81) per 10-µg/m³ increase in ozone concentrations, respectively. Seasonal analyses suggested thresholds in both urban and rural areas for effects of ozone during summer months.Conclusions: Our results suggest that health impacts should be estimated across the whole ambient range of ozone using both threshold and nonthreshold models, and models stratified by season. Evidence of a threshold effect in London but not in other study areas requires further investigation. The public health impacts of exposure to ozone in rural areas should not be overlooked.     

美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）组织机构、基本职责及所执行的法律

本文介绍了美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的基本职责、组织机构及其所执行的法律的概况。     

美国FDA新草案对中医药发展的影响

传统医药市场需求的不断扩大，已经引起全世界越来越多人们的关注和接受。美国食品药品管理局（FDA）新发布的《补充和替代医学产品及FDA管理指南》草案，标志着美国FDA对其他国家传统医药的认识和管理发生了变化。这不仅为我国中医药产品进入美国市场创造了有利条件，而且对我国中医药的国际化进程将产生积极的影响。     

美军新一轮卫生体制改革进展及启示

为了缓解医疗费用的不断增长,提高管理效率,美军于2013年10月正式开始实施新一轮卫生体制改革。这是美军卫生系统历史上规模最大的一次组织结构调整,其核心内容是成立全军统一的卫生管理机构———国防卫生局,并加快推进多军种联合的区域一体化医疗保障模式改革,预计于2015年底完成预期改革目标。该文从此次改革的背景入手,分析其改革前后卫生系统组织结构与管理机制的主要变化和改革原因,并提出对我军卫生体制改革的启示。     

美国毕业后医学教育的评鉴与认可

毕业后医学教育是医学教育连续统一体中的重要组成部分,是目前进一步完善我国医学教育体系的关键环节之一。本文介绍了美国毕业后医学教育评鉴与认可的组织实施情况,包括最新的发展趋势,并针对我国毕业后医学教育改革与发展的情况归纳了四点值得借鉴之处。     

HSP90抑制剂对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖及HSP90蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨HSP90抑制剂17-AAG对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖及HSP90蛋白表达的影响。方法采用MTT法检测HSP90抑制剂对人多发性骨髓瘤U266细胞增殖能力的影响;采用 Western blot检测不同浓度的 HSP90抑制剂17-AAG (0.001,0.01,0.1,1.0,10.0μmol/L)对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞中HSP90蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 HSP90抑制剂17-AAG对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞株U266细胞有剂量依赖性的增殖抑制作用(P<0.05),无时间依赖性的增殖抑制作用(P>0.05)。随着药物浓度的增加,HSP90蛋白水平的表达也逐渐下降。结论 HSP90抑制剂能剂量依赖性抑制人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖能力,同时下调人多发性骨髓瘤细胞株U266细胞中HSP90蛋白水平的表达。