92例跟骨骨折后足部畸形功能障碍治疗探讨

本文对92例106足波及距下关节的跟骨骨折治疗后1～6年遗留足畸形、功能障碍的病例(PALey:舌型17足,中央压陷型53足,严重粉碎型36足)进行了分析和总结。作者强调解剖复位、牢靠固定、一期植骨、早期关节持续被动运动及不过早负重是预防跟骨骨折众多并发症的重要措施。     

Functional properties of recombinant GABAA receptors composed of single or multiple β subunit subtypes

GABA_A receptor (GABAR) isoforms in the central nervous system are composed of combinations of α(1–6), β(1–4), γ(1–4), δ(1) and (1) subunit subtypes arranged in a pentamer. Many regions of the brain express high levels of mRNA encoding several different subunits and even multiple subunit subtypes. The stoichiometry of GABAR isoforms is unclear, and the number and identity of individual subunit subtypes that are coassembled remain uncertain. To examine the role of β subunit subtypes in the functional properties of GABARS and to determine whether multiple β subtypes can be coassembled in functional GABARs, plasmids containing cDNAs encoding rat β1 and/or β3, α5 and γ2L subtypes were cotransfected into L929 fibroblasts. The properties of the expressed receptor populations were determined using whole-cell and single-channel recording techniques. The α5β1γ2L isoform was less sensitive to GABA than the α5β3γ2L isoform. α5β1γ2L isoform currents were also insensitive to the allosteric modulator loreclezole, while α5β3γ2L isoform currents were strongly potentiated by loreclezole. Fibroblasts transfected with plasmids containing cDNAs for both β1 and β3 subtypes along with α5 and γ2L subtypes produced a receptor population with an intermediate sensitivity to GABA which was insensitive to loreclezole. These results suggest that functional GABARs can be formed that contain two different β subunit subtypes with properties different from receptors that contain only a single β subtype and that the β subunit subtypes influence the response of GABARs to GABA and to the allosteric modulator loreclezole.     

Three-dimensional recording of the human face with a 3D laser scanner.

Three-dimensional recording of the surface of the human body or of certain anatomical areas has gained an ever increasing importance in recent years. When recording living surfaces, such as the human face, not only has a varying degree of surface complexity to be accounted for, but also a variety of other factors, such as motion artefacts. It is of importance to establish standards for the recording procedure, which will optimise results and allow for better comparison and validation. In the study presented here, the faces of five male test persons were scanned in different experimental settings using non-contact 3D digitisers, type Minolta Vivid 910). Among others, the influence of the number of scanners used, the angle of recording, the head position of the test person, the impact of the examiner and of examination time on accuracy and precision of the virtual face models generated from the scanner data with specialised software were investigated. Computed data derived from the virtual models were compared to corresponding reference measurements carried out manually between defined landmarks on the test persons' faces. We describe experimental conditions that were of benefit in optimising the quality of scanner recording and the reliability of three-dimensional surface imaging. However, almost 50% of distances between landmarks derived from the virtual models deviated more than 2mm from the reference of manual measurements on the volunteers' faces.     

Pentoxifylline acts synergistically with A23187 to increase the penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes by cryopreserved human spermatozoa

The number of cryopreserved human spermatozoa which penetrated zona-free hamster oocytes afier stimulation with 2μmol A23187 per litre was increased by the hrther addition of 0.6 or 3.6 mmol pentoxifjrlline per litre. With spermatozoa prepared by washing by repeated centrifugation, the median numbers of sperm headd/egg were 1.9, 7.9 and 10.8 in the presence of 0, 0.6 or 3.6 mmol pentoxifylline per litre, respectively. A similar effect was observed with spermatozoa prepared on a Percoll gradient. As A23187 inhibited sperm motility, and this was exacerbated by pentoxifylline, the increased penetration rate of hamster oocytes cannot be explained by improved sperm motility. The number of spermatozoa stimulated to acrosome react by 2 μmol A23187 per litre was increased 3-fold by 3.6 mmol pentoxifylline per litre and 4-fold by 5 mmol caffeine per litre. These data suggest that CAMP may act synergistically with Ca²⁺ to stimulate the acrosome reaction. Pentoxifjrlline may improve the fertility of poor-quality human spermatozoa by enhancing their ability to respond to the Ca²⁺ signal produced by binding to the zona pellucida.     

简易颅颌固定技术与传统方法治疗上颌骨骨折的临床对比研究

目的 探讨颅颌固定技术治疗上颌骨骨折的临床效果。方法 对20例上颌骨骨折住院病人，随机分为两组，分别采用传统颅颌固定技术和简易颅颌固定技术治疗，进行临床研究。结果 简易颅颌固定技术效果明显优于传统颅颌固定技术。结论 简易颅颌固定技术效果可靠，简单易行，能够恢复患者正常咬合关系和正常生理功能，病人容易接受。     

大鼠脊髓慢性压迫及减压后神经细胞凋亡及其相关基因的表达

目的：观察慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后及减压后神经细胞凋亡和Bcl-2mRNA，P53mRNA,CASPASE-3神经功能恢复的影响。方法：将55只同龄Wistar大鼠，置入后路渐进式压迫装置，制作成慢性压迫性脊髓损伤模型。随机分为假手术对照组（A组5只），慢性脊髓压迫组（B组25只），减压组（C组25只）。应用原原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP标记（TUNEL）技术及原位杂交检测方法，观察各组细胞凋亡率及细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2mRNA、P53mRNA、CASPASE－3在慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后及减压后的表达，分别于损伤后及减压后1、3、7、14、28d对慢性脊髓损伤区进行细胞凋亡及原位杂交检测。结果：A、B、C三组均发现神经细胞凋亡及细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2mRNA、P53mRNA，CASPASE－3的表达，A、B、C三组细胞凋亡率及阳性细胞灰度值比较，差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。阳性细胞表达程度与细胞凋亡的减少及神经功能的恢复相一致。结论：慢性压迫性脊髓损伤可导致大量的神经细胞凋亡，同时激活内源性保护机制，使脊髓发生适应性改变，减压可能通过激活此机制而减轻神经细胞凋亡，起到保护作用。     

2型糖尿病患者高危因素分析

目的 分析2型糖尿病患者各种高危险因素控制状况及其与慢性并发症的关系。方法 记录464例50岁以上的2型糖尿病患者收缩压、舒张压、血脂、糖化血红蛋白和体质指数，按有无并发症分为两组进行分析。结果 有并发症组糖尿病病程、血压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血纤维蛋白原明显增高。Wald卡方分析显示糖尿病病程和收缩压有统计学意义。多数患者这些危险因素未得到很好的控制。结论 糖尿病患者存在着多种高危因素，有慢性并发症者更为严重，应注意综合治疗。     

Antiviral triterpenes fromPrunella vulgaris

Two triterpenes 1 and 2 with antiviral activity againstHerpes simplex virus type 1in vitro were isolated fromPrunella vulgaris. Each compound caused a significant reduction in viral cytopathic effect whenvero cells were exposed to them for 72 hours after viral challenge. They were identified asbetulinic acid(1) and 2α, 3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(2) on the basis of their spectroscopic properties. The antiviral activity of them was estimated as EC₅₀=30 μg/ml(1) and 8 μg/ml(2), respectively by plaque reduction assay.     

Z-3-(2-羟基丁烯基)苯酞的合成研究

研究目的探讨苯酞类天然产物的合成方法及其生物活性。研究方法以邻苯二甲酐为底物，首先引入丁烯基，再进行烯丙位氧化，制得目标化合物。结果通过丁基锂反应，得到了具有药物活性的丁烯基苯酞，然后利用SeO2烯丙位氧化，首次合成了Z－3－（2－羟基丁烯基）苯酞。结论此合成方法原料易得，方法简便，为苯酞类化合物的合成研究提供了一个新的途径。