华支睾吸虫胞囊蚴生物学作用的实验观察

目的证实华支睾吸虫胞囊蚴是否具有无性生殖生物学作用。方法在非流行区捕获麦穗鱼,经10尾检查证实为阴性后,作为实验用鱼;华支睾吸虫尾蚴由中山大学中山医学院寄生虫学教研室提供。分A、B组作尾蚴定量感染,两次实验相隔30 d。A组将30尾麦穗鱼放在容积为50 cm×30 cm×40 cm的玻璃鱼缸内,11 d内先后放入282条尾蚴感染麦穗鱼;B组用34尾麦穗鱼,分别将每尾鱼单独放在盛有300 m l水的玻杯中,各放入30条尾蚴感染麦穗鱼;感染后的麦穗鱼均在阳台上饲养待查。同时采用直接压片和捣碎水洗沉淀法检查囊蚴。结果 A组实验感染麦穗鱼30尾,丢失1尾,其余29尾感染率为100.00%;共检出囊蚴587个,是感染尾蚴数282条的2.08倍。B组实验感染麦穗鱼34尾,丢失3尾,其余31尾感染率为77.42%;共检出囊蚴1 024个,其中有1尾麦穗鱼检出囊蚴968个,是感染尾蚴数30条的32.27倍。A、B组检出囊蚴数的G值分别为5.84、2.53。感染率与感染度两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.01、P0.05)。探讨发生无性生殖的方式,认为有两种即:"囊蚴内繁殖"和"囊蚴外繁殖";无性生殖种原来源于囊蚴内具有生物活性的游离颗粒。结论初步证实华支睾吸虫在第二中间宿主麦穗鱼体内,有第二次无性生殖过程,胞囊蚴具有无性生殖的生物学作用。     

双胎妊娠并心力衰竭

目的:探讨双胎妊娠心力衰竭的原因、诊断、处理及预防措施。方法:回顾性分析3例双胎妊娠心力衰竭患者的临床资料。结果:3例患者经积极强心、利尿、扩血管,控制心力衰竭后及时终止妊娠治疗,母婴结局良好。结论:双胎妊娠属高危妊娠,并发症较多,孕期需加强监护,补充营养,注意血容量的变化,避免心力衰竭的发生。     

Shared genetic contributions to anxiety disorders and pathological gambling in a male population

Background

Pathological gambling (PG) frequently co-occurs with anxiety disorders. However, the extent to which the co-occurrence is related to genetic or environmental factors across PG and anxiety disorders is not known.

Method

Data from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (n = 7869, male twins) were examined in bivariate models to estimate genetic and shared and unique environmental contributions to PG and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and PG and panic disorder (PD).

Results

While both genetic and unique environmental factors contributed individually to PG, GAD, and PD, the best fitting model indicated that the relationship between PG and GAD was attributable predominantly to shared genetic contributions (r_A = 0.53). In contrast, substantial correlations were observed between both the genetic (r_A = 0.34) and unique environmental (r_E = 0.31) contributions to PG and PD.

Limitations

Results may be limited to middle aged males.

Conclusions

The existence of shared genetic contributions between PG and both GAD and PD suggests that specific genes, perhaps those involved in affect regulation or stress responsiveness, contribute to PG and anxiety disorders. Overlapping environmental contributions to the co-occurrence of PG and PD suggest that common life experiences (e.g., early life trauma) contribute to both PG and PD. Conversely, the data suggest that distinct environmental factors contribute to PG and GAD (e.g., early onset of gambling in PG). Future studies should examine the relationship between PG and anxiety disorders amongst other populations (women and adolescents) to identify specific genetic and environmental influences that account for the manifestation of these disorders and their co-occurrences.     

Genetic and environmental determinants on bone loss in postmenopausal Caucasian women: a 14-year longitudinal twin study

Summary  This longitudinal twin study documented that genetic factors explain 44–56% of the between-individual variance in bone loss at femoral neck, lumbar spine, and forearm in postmenopausal Caucasian women, providing a rationale for identifying the specific genes involved. Introduction  Although there is a significant genetic effect on peak BMD, until recently, no substantive studies on heritability of bone loss in human were available. The aim of the study was to estimate the heritability of the bone loss at multiple sites in postmenopausal Caucasian women. Methods  Postmenopausal female monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins aged 40 or above at baseline were selected from the TwinsUK registry and followed up for an average of 8 years (range 5–14 years). All twins were noncurrent hormone replacement therapy users and not on any osteoporosis treatment. They had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of their hip, lumbar spine, and forearm several times (range 2–9) during the follow-up period. Individual bone losses at femoral neck, lumbar spine, and forearm were estimated by linear regression modeling. Structural equation modeling was utilized to estimate the heritability of the bone loss. Results  A total of 712 postmenopausal Caucasian female twins (152 MZ and 204 DZ pairs) were included. MZ twins were older and had slightly lower BMD at all sites than DZ twins. DZ twins had slightly higher bone loss at lumbar spine, but similar at femoral neck and forearm compared to MZ twins. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the bone loss at all sites were significantly higher in MZ than DZ twin pairs (p = 0.0045, 0.0003, and 0.0007 for femoral neck, lumbar spine, and forearm, respectively), indicating a significant genetic influence on bone loss at these sites. After adjustment for age at baseline and weight change during the follow-up, the heritability estimate was 47% (95% CI 27–63%) for bone loss at femoral neck, 44% (95% CI 27–58%) for lumbar spine, and 56% (95% CI 44–65%) for forearm. Conclusions  Our data suggest that up to 56% of the between-individual variance in bone loss is due to genes, providing a rationale to identify specific genetic factors for bone loss.     

Lamotrigine and twin pregnancy,incidental event or possible correlation?

Lamotrigine is frequently used to manage epilepsy during pregnancy. However, some major and minor birth defects are reported with lamotrigine monotherapy. This study is a case series report on 20 epileptic women who were receiving lamotrigine in their pregnancy. Apart from the normal pregnancies and births, in our study three patients gave birth to healthy twins, two vanished twin syndromes occurred and one patient had abortion. Twin pregnancy in association with lamotrigine therapy has not been clearly described before. Our observational study raises the idea that lamotrigine may induce twin pregnancy but larger studies need to investigate the presence or absence of such association more decently.     

17例双胎之一宫内死亡的母儿监测及护理分析

目的探讨双胎妊娠孕早、中期1胎死亡后期待治疗过程中的母儿监测及护理方法。方法回顾性分析2003年7月至2008年7月,本院收治的17例孕早、中期经B超确诊双胎妊娠1胎宫内死亡病例的期待治疗结果及新生儿的转归。结果期待治疗时间为3,147天,平均80天,平均分娩孕周为35周,无一例出现明显凝血功能障碍。羊水过少和胎膜早破是常见并发症,胎盘因素是胎死宫内的重要原因。结论孕早、中期双胎之一胎死宫内后采取期待疗法,严密监测母儿的各项相关指标和并发症的条件下,配合积极的护理措施,可以尽可能延长存活胎儿在宫内生长的时间,提高存活胎儿的生存质量。     

Investigation of Genetically Mediated Child Effects on Maltreatment

Theory and empirical evidence suggest that children’s genetically influenced characteristics help to shape the environments they experience, including the parenting they ‘receive’. The extent of these genetically-mediated child effects on childhood maltreatment is not well known. The present study estimates the magnitude of genetically mediated child effects on maltreatment in 3,297 twins and siblings who were part of a large nationally representative sample of adolescents (ADD health). Participants in early adulthood retrospectively reported their experiences of physical and sexual maltreatment and neglect. Results are consistent with small genetically-mediated child effects on physical maltreatment and neglect, and none on sexual maltreatment, and all three forms of maltreatment are influenced mainly by idiosyncratic individual circumstances. Edited by Deborah Finkel.     

The Heritability of Aptitude and Exceptional Talent Across Different Domains in Adolescents and Young Adults

The origin of individual differences in aptitude, defined as a domain-specific skill within the normal ability range, and talent, defined as a domain specific skill of exceptional quality, is under debate. The nature of the variation in aptitudes and exceptional talents across different domains was investigated in a population based twin sample. Self-report data from 1,685 twin pairs (12–24 years) were analyzed for Music, Arts, Writing, Language, Chess, Mathematics, Sports, Memory, and Knowledge. The influence of shared environment was small for both aptitude and talent. Additive and non-additive genetic effects explained the major part of the substantial familial clustering in the aptitude measures with heritability estimates ranging between .32 and .71. Heritability estimates for talents were higher and ranged between .50 and .92. In general, the genetic architecture for aptitude and talent was similar in men and women. Genetic factors contribute to a large extent to variation in aptitude and talent across different domains of intellectual, creative, and sports abilities. Edited by Robert Plomin.     

Dynamax和Twin block矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类错牙合疗效比较

目的 评价Dynamax和 Twin block 两种功能矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ类 1 分类下颌后缩患者前后软硬组织的改变.方法 选择 Hagg 手腕骨片为 FG-G 期的安氏Ⅱ类1分类下颌后缩患者30例,随机分为两组分别接受Dynamax和Twin block治疗,应用X线头影测量技术进行治疗前后的22项软硬组织分析.结果 GoGnSN(°)、Cm-Sn-Ls(°) 、S-Ns- Si (°)的变化的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),余无统计学意义.结论 Dynamax或Twin block功能矫治器早期治疗安氏Ⅱ类1分类下颌后缩患者,其软硬组织疗效基本一致.但同twin-block组比较,Dynamax组下颌平面角增大,且Dynamax更适合于同时进行固定矫治治疗.     

Micropropagation of Tigridia pavonia (L.f) DC-a potential floricultural plant from twin scale explants

ObjectiveThe present study was performed to standardize an effective protocol for micropropagation of Tigridia pavonia using tissue culture.MethodsThe explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with cytokinins like thidiazuron (TDZ), zeatin, kinetin and auxins such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), individually at different concentrations.ResultsMultiple shoots were obtained on MS medium containing either 2.0 mg/L TDZ or 2.0 mg/L IAA or 0.5 mg/L IBA and in the same medium for a long period (120 d) produced tiny bulbs at the base of the senescent leaves. TDZ favored only multiple shoots without roots, whereas IAA or IBA individually or in combination with TDZ produced rooted shoots. Shoots developed on MS medium supplemented with TDZ were rooted on MS medium containing either IBA or NAA at 0.5 mg/L. The plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing garden soil. Regenerated plantlets developed into normal plants. The plants showed 99% survival.ConclusionsThe highest number of bulblets obtained in the present study represents an effective alternative to the conventional method.