双胎妊娠50例临床分析

目的：总结双胎妊娠并发症及处理。方法：对50例双胎任娠的并发症进行分析。结果：50例双胎妊娠中并发症有贫血、早产、妊娠高血压综合征、羊水过多及产后大出血等。如处理及时。能减轻母婴并发症的发生。     

羊水过少90例临床分析

目的 :探讨羊水过少相关因素、B超诊断标准、对围生儿的影响及正确的处理方法。方法 :回顾分析我院 2 0 0 1年 1月至 12月收治的羊水过少 90例临床资料。结果 :羊水过少发生率为 3 .2 %。以AFI≤ 8 为标准拟诊羊水过少 ,敏感性为 0 .84,特异性为 0 .83 ,如以AFI <9 为标准 ,敏感性为 0 .96,特异性为 0 .5 6。羊水过少组妊高征、IUGR的发生率 ( 10 .0 % ,4.4% )明显高于正常组 ( 2 .5 % ,0 % ,) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;羊水过少组延期妊娠的发生率 ( 43 .3 % )明显高于正常组 ( 19.1% ) (P <0 .0 1)。羊水过少组 ( 2 8.8% ,17.8% )的羊水粪染率、胎儿宫内窘迫率明显高于对照组 ( 11.7% ,5 .8% ) (P <0 .0 1)。羊水过少组剖宫产率为 95 .6% ,无孕产妇及新生儿死亡。结论 :以AFI≤ 8cm为羊水过少B超诊断标准是适当的 ,敏感性、特异性均较好。羊水过少的发生与延期妊娠、妊高征、IU GR关系密切 ,及时处理 ,能有效降低围生儿病死率。羊水过少能明显增加羊水粪染率、胎儿宫内窘迫率 ,羊水过少一经确诊 ,应除外胎儿畸形 ,及时采取措施 ,必要时以剖宫产终止妊娠为宜     

双胎妊娠合并贫血与妊娠结局的分析

目的：探讨双胎妊娠合并贫血对妊娠结局的影响，方法：将496例双胎妊娠分为两组，妊娠合并贫血者（贫血组）共321例，其余175例为对照组，对两组病的妊高征，产前出血，产后出血，早产，胎膜早破发生率与平均孕周，平均出生体重分别进行对照分析。结果：贫血组妊高征，产后出血，早产，胎膜早破发生率显著高于对照组（P＜0．05），且贫血严重程度与妊高征，产后出血发生率呈正相关（P＜0．05），与平均孕周呈负相关（P＜0．05）。两组新生儿平均出生体重无显著差异（P＞0．05），但重度贫血病例的新生儿平均出生体重与对照组比较，有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：双胎妊娠合并贫血时各种并发症发生率成倍增加，特别是重度贫血对孕产妇和围生儿有严重的威胁。     

A rare occurrence of trisomy 18 and trisomy 21 in a dizygotic twin pregnancy

Objective Case report of a rare combination of a trisomy 18 and 21 in a dizygotic twin pregnancy in a woman with a history of recurrent miscarriage, a neonatal death, no living offspring and Graves disease. Methods Case report and literature search. Results Only one other report in the literature of a combined trisomy 18 and 21 twin pregnancy was found. Conclusion The combination of a trisomy 18 and 21 in a dizygotic twin pregnancy is very rare. Despite the high frequency and clinical importance of aneuploidy, very little is known about the factors that may modulate meiotic non-disjunction.     

Cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm birth in women with twin pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of elective cervical cerclage in women with twin pregnancy on gestational age at time of delivery. METHOD: In a pragmatic fashion women in Abha Maternity Hospital, Saudi Arabia with twin gestations were allocated to receive either an elective cerclage (group I) or no cerclage (group II). Elective cerclage was performed at 12 to 14 weeks of gestation after sonographic examination of the fetus to confirm gestational age and exclude major congenital anomalies. In all cases, follow up of the pregnancy was continued until delivery. RESULTS: Of the 176 twin pregnancies included, cerclage was performed in 76 women, and no cerclage in 100 women. In Group I: 12 pregnancies ended in spontaneous miscarriage, 37 in preterm labor, and 27 women reached full term. There were a total of 106 live births in 62 women. In Group II: 8 women aborted, 44 women ended in preterm labor and 48 women reached full term. There were a total of 160 live births in 89 women. The gestational age at delivery ranged from 20 to 41 weeks. Multiple regression analysis did not show association between cerclage and time of delivery, although a trend was observed (P=0.056). CONCLUSION: Elective cerclage contributes little in prolongation of gestational age at the time of delivery in women with twin pregnancy, especially in women of high parity. Those with a previous history of preterm labor may be a subgroup that could benefit from elective cerclage.     

双生子骨龄遗传度的性别差异分析

[目的 ]探讨双生子骨龄遗传度的性别差异。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年在青岛市进行双生子募集工作 ,经知情同意 ,调查 190对双生子。应用微卫星DNA基因扫描和分型技术 ,进行卵型鉴定 ,通过拍摄手腕骨X片 ,按照《中国人手腕骨发育标准CHN法》评价骨龄 ,采用经典的Holzinger公式估算遗传度。[结果 ]骨龄遗传度男性双生子为 0 813 ,女性双生子为 0 682 ;幼年期男性双生子 0 83 6,明显高于同期女性双生子 ( 0 3 2 2 ) ;童年期男、女性双生子分别为 0 65 8、0 760 ;青春期达到最高 ,男、女性双生子分别为 0 941、0 817。 [结论 ]遗传因素对男性骨发育的影响高于女性。遗传因素对男、女性骨发育的影响随年龄的增长而逐步体现 ,青春期达到最高 ,青春期神经内分泌变化在该过程发挥重要作用。     

Factors associated with pregnancy intention among women who have experienced a short birth interval: findings from the 2009 to 2011 Mississippi and 2009 Tennessee Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System

Purpose

One-third of all pregnancies in the United States are conceived within 18 months of a prior live birth. Preventing unintended pregnancies may help to decrease the prevalence of pregnancies with these short interpregnancy intervals. However, data on factors associated with pregnancy intention among women who have had short birth intervals are sparse. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data were used to further evaluate these associations.

武汉双生子出生队列研究

儿童及青少年期生长发育及心理行为相关疾病患病率有逐年上升趋势,且病因复杂。双生子共享母体宫内环境、同时出生并享有相同的早期家庭环境,能控制年龄、遗传和早期家庭环境等的干扰,是开展复杂慢性疾病研究的良好资源。利用双生子家庭开展出生队列研究,能更好地结合遗传和环境因素寻找复杂慢性疾病的病因起源。本研究从研究目标、内容、进展和优势与潜在问题等方面对武汉双生子出生队列进行简要介绍,着重呈现本研究的总体设计和进展概况。     

Residence time modeling of hot melt extrusion processes

The hot melt extrusion process is a widespread technique to mix viscous melts. The residence time of material in the process frequently determines the product properties. An experimental setup and a corresponding mathematical model were developed to evaluate residence time and residence time distribution in twin screw extrusion processes.The extrusion process was modeled as the convolution of a mass transport process described by a Gaussian probability function, and a mixing process represented by an exponential function. The residence time of the extrusion process was determined by introducing a tracer at the extruder inlet and measuring the tracer concentration at the die. These concentrations were fitted to the residence time model, and an adequate correlation was found. Different parameters were derived to characterize the extrusion process including the dead time, the apparent mixing volume, and a transport related axial mixing. A 2³ design of experiments was performed to evaluate the effect of powder feed rate, screw speed, and melt viscosity of the material on the residence time. All three parameters affect the residence time of material in the extruder.In conclusion, a residence time model was developed to interpret experimental data and to get insights into the hot melt extrusion process.     

中国1995－2012年双生子出生体重变化趋势分析

目的 描述分析中国双生子出生体重变化趋势。方法 使用中国双生子登记系统在中国8个省份收集的1995-2012年出生的双生子人群(共10 827对),采用病例回顾方法分析出生体重各指标情况和变化趋势。结果 调整性别、卵型、出生地区后,出生年份每推迟5年,双生子出生体重平均值降低0.01 kg(P=0.041).随着时间变化,双生子优势方出生体重、劣势方出生体重均不同程度地降低,出生体重相对差与出生体重不一致率在2007年以后有升高趋势。结论 1995-2012年中国双生子出生体重呈下降趋势,出生体重不一致率逐渐上升。考虑到出生体重不一致与某些不良健康结局的风险存在关联,应对双生子出生体重不一致予以重视。