并发肺动脉高压患者血清OPG水平的变化及临床意义

观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并发肺动脉高压（PH）患者血清骨保护素（OPG）水平的变化,探究其临床应用价值。方法 选取2020年12月~2021年12月于我院住院治疗的COPD患者120例作为观察组,依据超声心动图结果,将患者分为COPD组、COPD并发PH（COPD-PH）组,COPD-PH组分为轻度、中度及重度PH组,选取同期健康体检者49例作为对照组。检测并比较各组血清OPG水平。结果COPD PH组患者血清OPG水平高于COPD组,且两组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;重度PH组患者血清OPG水平高于中度PH组,且两组均高于轻度PH组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;相关性分析结果显示,血清OPG水平与PASP、PLR、NLR、CRP、NT-Pro BNP呈正相关（rs＝0.463,0.278,0.396,0.285,0.273,P＜0.05）,与氧合指数呈负相关（rs＝-0.415,P＜0.001）。结论 慢阻肺并发肺动脉高压患者血清OPG水平升高,且与肺动脉高压程度相关,动态观察该指标或可监测慢阻肺患者肺动脉高压的发生、发展     

患者血清microRNA表达谱及相关生物信息学分析

探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者血清中microRNA(miRNA)的差异性表达谱,并通过生物信息学探索其意义。方法 下载GEO数据库开源数据集（GSE70080）,分析慢阻肺患者与正常人血清的miRNA差异性表达谱,分析其对慢阻肺的诊断价值,运用miRTarbase、Target Scan、PicTar 、miRDB等软件预测和筛选miRNAs的靶基因,并将得出的上述靶基因功能富集、信号通路及蛋白质互作网络分析。 结果 该数据集中慢阻肺与健康对照组血清差异表达的miRNA共62个(P＜0.05) ,其中较对照组上调8个,下调54个,上调miRNA和下调miRNA诊断慢阻肺的受试者曲线下面积分别为0.938和0.969。靶基因预测显示差异性表达miRNA共有15099个靶基因,GO功能分析显示上述靶基因主要涉及Wnt、MAPK、NF-κB等重要生物学过程,KEGG分析主要富集于Wnt、NF κB、MAPK等信号通路。miRNA和mRNA的网络图显示SLC4A8与多个miRNA相关。蛋白质互作网络显示靶基因编码蛋白质间存在复杂的相互作用,ACVR1B、ACVRL1、KRT2、KRT74、KRT82在互作网络中具有核心地位。结论 慢阻肺患者的血清miRNA存在差异性表达,miRNA可能通过调控靶基因参与调控相关的生物功能和通路参与慢阻肺发病机制调控     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与甘油三酯葡萄糖指数的相关性

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）与甘油三酯葡萄糖（TyG）指数的相关性。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年12月中南大学湘雅二医院行睡眠呼吸监测的270例OSA患者。根据甘油三酯和空腹血糖计算TyG指数,根据TyG指数的三分位数将患者分为Q1组、Q2组、Q3组,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）将患者分为轻度组、中度组、重度组。采用多元线性分析评估TyG指数与AHI之间的关系,有序Logistic回归分析TyG指数与OSA严重程度之间的关系。结果 TyG指数越高的患者AHI、体质量指数（BMI）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹血糖越高,而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平则越低（P <0.05）。TyG指数越高的患者肥胖和糖尿病、冠心病比例越高,男性比例越高,年龄更低（P <0.05）。随着患者AHI的增加,TyG指数、BMI增加,TG、空腹血糖上升,最低血氧饱和度下降（P <0.05）,OSA越严重的患者肥胖、高血压和冠心病比例越高（P <0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,TyG指数与AHI水平呈正相关（r =0.282,P <0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,AHI（b =0.002）、BMI（b =0.017）、TG（b =0.361）、空腹血糖（b =0.109）和性别（b =0.083）是TyG的影响因素（P <0.05）。有序Logistic模型结果显示：轻度OSA［O^R=0.396（95% CI：0.207,0.757）］和中度OSA［O^R=0.281（95% CI：0.163,0.484）］患者的TyG等级较重度OSA低,说明OSA严重程度增加是TyG指数升高的影响因素。非肥胖患者［O^R=0.424（95% CI：0.253,0.710）］、不吸烟患者［O^R=0.506（95% CI：0.283,0.904）］、非糖尿病患者［O^R=0.268（95% CI：0.156,0.460）］、非冠心病患者［O^R=0.452（95% CI：0.253,0.807）］、女性［O^R=0.409（95% CI：0.221,0.760）］的TyG等级较低,故吸烟、肥胖、糖尿病、冠心病、男性是TyG指数升高的影响因素（P <0.05）。结论 TyG指数与OSA严重程度相关,可以考虑将TyG指数用于OSA患者胰岛素抵抗的观察,从而进行干预,使患者获益。     

急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者有创机械通气期间营养风险及影响因素分析

目的 探究慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)有创机械通气患者营养风险及影响因素分析。方法 选取2020年2月—2022年2月入住中国医科大学附属盛京医院重症监护病房(ICU)需要有创机械通气支持的AECOPD患者126例,根据营养风险筛查量表(NRS)2002将患者分为有营养风险组(86例)和无营养风险组(40例)。收集患者动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV₁/FVC)、残气量(RV)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)等临床资料。采用多因素一般Logistic回归分析有创机械通气AECOPD患者发生营养风险的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评价上述指标对有创机械通气AECOPD患者营养风险的诊断价值。结果 有营养风险组PaO₂<60 mmHg、PaCO₂≥50 mmHg、FEV₁/FVC<50%、ALB<30.00 g/L、PA<145.00 ...     

腰椎间盘突出症与腰椎间盘突出症合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的对比研究

目的 探究腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）之间的关联,为LDH的临床诊治策略及治疗方案提供参考依据。方法 选取2018年1月—2020年3月中国医科大学附属第一医院骨科行外科手术治疗的485例LDH患者,按是否合并OSA进行分组研究。结果 485例LDH患者中合并OSA的307例,发生率为63.3%。LDH合并OSA组主观症状、临床症状、日常活动受限程度日本骨科协会（JOA）腰痛评分低于单纯LDH组（P <0.05）;两组膀胱功能JOA评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）;LDH合并OSA组视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分高于单纯LDH组（P <0.05）。Pfirrmann 5级评分法中4、5级例数构成比LDH合并OSA组较单纯LDH组高（P <0.05）。两组患者的硬膜撕裂率、神经受损率、血肿率、切口感染率等并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。单纯LDH组与LDH合并OSA组术后3、6、12和24个月静息状态下JOA和VAS评分比较,采用重复测量设计的方差分析,结果：(1)不同时间点的JOA和VAS评分有差异（...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者外周血单个核细胞CD36 mRNA、血清ApoE水平对急性加重期发生的预测价值

目的：分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）白细胞分化抗原36（CD36）信使核糖核酸（mRNA）、血清载脂蛋白E（ApoE）水平对急性加重期发生的预测价值。方法：选取2021年6月-2022年5月在湖州市中心医院就诊的COPD患者96例,其中急性加重期COPD患者为AECOPD组（n=50）,稳定期COPD患者为稳定组（n=46）,选取健康人群40例为对照组。检测所有受试者血清炎性因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β、C反应蛋白（CRP）]、ApoE、肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比值（FEV1/FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（FEV1%pred）]和PBMCs中CD36 mRNA水平;分析COPD患者PBMCs中CD36 mRNA、血清ApoE水平与炎性因子、肺功能指标的相关性以及PBMCs中CD36 mRNA、血清ApoE对COPD患者急性加重期发生的预测价值。结果：对照组、稳定组、AECOPD组吸烟史比例、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、CRP、PBMCs中CD36 mRNA和血清ApoE水平依次升高,FEV1/FVC、FEV1%pred水平依次降低（P＜0.05）;COPD患者PBMCs中CD36 mRNA与血清ApoE水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）,COPD患者PBMCs中CD36 mRNA、血清ApoE水平均与血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、CRP呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与FEV1/FVC、FEV1%pred呈负相关（P＜0.05）;PBMCs中CD36 mRNA单独、血清ApoE单独、二者联合预测COPD患者急性加重期发生的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.887、0.871、0.966,二者联合预测的AUC高于CD36 mRNA、ApoE单独预测的AUC（P＜0.05）。结论：COPD患者PBMCs中CD36 mRNA和血清ApoE均呈高表达,二者对COPD患者急性加重期发生具有一定的预测价值。     

家兔输卵管结扎术后黄体的形态变化

将27只雌性家兔随机分为五组,即Pomeroy法扎管组;Uchida法扎管组;结扎子宫动脉组;结扎卵巢动脉组和假手术组。术后4～10周合笼交配。交配后第八天取黄体做光镜和透射电镜观察。结果:Uchida法扎管后黄体的形态正常;Pomeroy法扎管和结扎子宫动脉后黄体的形态有轻微改变;结扎卵巢动脉后黄体的形态有明显改变。研究结果对探讨“扎管后综合征”的发生机制具有一定的意义。     

Andrology: Factors influencing the outcome of in-vitro fertilization with epididymal spermatozoa in irreversible obstructive azoospermia

Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) and in-vitrofertilization (IVF) were found to offer limited opportunityfor fatherhood to 45 men with obstructive azoospermia, due principallyto poor embryo implantation. Adequate sperm preparations wereobtained in 46/50 treatment cycles (92%), with the best motilityfound in the caput epididymis in 89% of cases. The mean fertilizationrate was 11.2% and fertilization occurred in 23 cycles (50%),with embryo transfer arising from 12/26 men with was aplasia(CAV), 4/9 with genital tract obstruction (EV) and 7/11 withirreversible vasectomy (VV). The overall implantation rate waslow, 8.7% per embryo transfer (11.7% per 2-3 embryo transfers)and was not improved by Fallopian transfer. There were two pregnancies(4% per cycle), both in the EV group where embryo formationand implatation (2/4, 50% per cycle) were optimum even thoughsperm preparations were paradoxically inferior to the CAV andVV groups. The spermatozoa retrieved in the two successful EVcycles were appreciably blood contaminated. Analysis of the21 failed embryo transfers showed delayed fertilization in 10cycles, cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation or familial disease in7/12 CAV men and the VV men were older (P<0.001). A pregnancywhich miscarried arose from a case of Young's syndrome, a carrierof CF mutation DF508. Male factors could thus be implicatedin the high embryo wastage of MESA cycles and might also beinfluencing implantation in other IVF procedures. Where feasible,male reconstructive surgery is preferable unless fertilizationcan be improved, possibly by speedier retrieval techniques orby permitting sperm capacitation in vitro, but probably moreeffectively by micro-assisted insemination.     

Reliability and validity of dyspnea measures in patients with obstructive lung disease

Dyspnea, the clinical term for shortness of breath, is the primary symptom and an important outcome measure in evaluations of patients with lung disease. It is a subjective symptom that has proved difficult to quantify. Many dyspnea measures are available, yet it is difficult, based on the existing literature, to determine the most reliable and valid. In this study, we evaluated 6 measures of dyspnea for reliability and validity: (a) Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and Transition Dyspnea Index, (b) UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ), (c) American Thoracic Society Dyspnea Scale, (d) Oxygen Cost Diagram, (e) Visual Analog Scale, and (f) Borg Scale. Subjects were 143 patients (74 women and 69 men) with obstructive lung disease, ages 40 to 86, FEV., 0.36 to 3.53 L, FVC 1.07 to 5.74 L. Dyspnea measures were assessed for test-retest reliability, internal consistency, interrater reliability, and construct validity (i.e.. correlations among dyspnea measures and correlations of dyspnea measures with exercise tolerance, health-related quality of life, lung function, anxiety, and depression). Results suggest that the SOBQ and BDI demonstrated the highest levels of reliability and validity among the dyspnea measures examined. This research was supported by University of California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program Grant 2RT026S, National Heart. Lung, and Blood Institute Grant HL 34732 to Robert M. Kaplan, and National Institutes of Health NHLBI Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award No. HL02215 to Andrew L. Ries.     

Does Low FEV1 in Addition to Fixed Ratio and/or Lower Limit of Normal of FEV1/FVC Improve Prediction of Mortality in COPD? The NHANES-III-linked-mortality Cohort

Purpose

There is presently an ongoing debate on the relative merits of suggested criteria for spirometric airway obstruction. This study tests the null hypothesis that no superiority exists with the use of fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 versus less than lower limit predicted (LLN) criteria with or without FEV1 <80% predicted in regards to future mortality.