一组癌基因扩增与胃癌生物学行为的相关分析

目的 :探讨癌基因HER2、mdm 2和C myc扩增与胃癌恶性程度、转移及预后的关系。 方法 :用差异竞争性多聚酶链反应检测胃癌原发灶、癌旁、转移淋巴结及远处脏器转移癌中HER2、mdm 2和C myc的基因变异。结果 :HER2扩增频率在近端胃癌组中明显高于远端胃癌组 (分别是 11/ 13和 5 / 19,P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,侵及浆膜组明显高于未侵及浆膜组 (12 / 18和 4/ 14,P <0 .0 5 )。mdm 2的扩增频率在转移淋巴结中高于胃原发癌 (12 / 2 1和 12 / 32 ,P>0 .0 5 ) ,在 3例淋巴结微转移灶中发现mdm 2扩增。C myc在胃癌原发灶及转移淋巴结中的扩增频率分别是6 / 32和 5 / 2 1,2例远处脏器转移癌中有扩增。结论 :HER2、mdm 2和C myc基因扩增与胃癌的快速生长有关 ,三者联合检测可能为判断胃癌恶性程度、转移及预后提供有价值的信息。     

雌素受体在胃癌细胞的表达和意义

目的 检测雌激素受体（ＥＲ）在胃癌的表达及其与胃癌生物学行为的关系。方法 应用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法。结果 ＥＲ在慢浅表性胃炎、异型增生中表达均为阴性,在胃癌阳性率为４０％,三组 比较比较有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＥＲ在进展期胃癌的阳性率显著高于早期胃癌（Ｐ〈０．０５）。胃癌有淋巴结转移组的阳性率显著高于无淋巴结转移组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＥＲ的表达在分化不良型胃癌高于分化型胃癌,但无统计学意义（Ｐ〉０     

胃癌相关抗原MG7-Ag模拟肽表位的筛选及测序分析

目的　从噬菌体呈现的随机肽库中筛选胃癌单克隆抗体MG7所识别的胃癌相关抗原的短肽模拟表位 ,为进一步研究胃癌相关抗原与单抗结合的结构基序奠定基础。方法　用胃癌单克隆抗体MG7对呈现于噬菌体衣壳蛋白pⅧ上的 2个九肽库分别进行亲和富集和免疫筛选 ;阳性克隆进一步用荧光标记和硝酸纤维素膜斑点印迹法证实其结合活性 ;经随机抽取部分阳性克隆进行DNA序列分析 ,推导出相应噬菌体呈现肽的氨基酸序列 ,通过序列比较分析相对保守的表位信息 ;运用HLA分子结合分析软件预测已测序短肽与HLA分子结合的可能性。结果　经反复多轮筛选和结合活性检测 ,从pⅧ和pⅧ cys 2个噬菌体肽库中分别得到了 12和 30个阳性克隆 ;通过对部分阳性克隆进行测序分析 ,推导相应的随机肽序列和序列比较分析 ,得到具有相对保守性的表位信息如PLX0 2 S、SAVR、XRMX、YARN等。经计算机预测分析 ,发现它们可与HLA多个分子结合。结论　PLX0 2 S、SAVR、XRMX、YARN等有可能为胃癌单克隆抗体MG7所识别的表位基序。     

功能性消化不良患者胃膨胀感知的改变

目的研究功能性消化不良（ＦＤ）患者胃膨胀感知的改变。方法应用灌注导管测压仪研究了７例ＦＤ患者、５例ＦＤ并心理异常患者及５例正常人胃对容量刺激的感觉。结果发现ＦＤ患者胃对容量刺激的最低敏感性阈值、不适阈值及疼痛阈值分别为（１９５．７±６５．３）,（３０４．３±５８．６）,（４６４．３±４７．２）ｍｌ,ＦＤ并心理异常患者为（１２３．０±４０．３）,（２５４．０±４９．８）,（４６６．０±７６．４）ｍｌ,均明显低于正常人的（３２７．０±４４．７）,（５３２．４ ±１０７．４）,（６７８．０±１１７．４）ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）;三者的胃顺应性无明显改变。结论胃对容量刺激的感知过度敏感是ＦＤ发病的机制之一。     

胃癌细胞肿瘤坏死因子受体的研究

目的　探讨人胃癌细胞肿瘤坏死因子受体 ( TNFR)的数目与胃癌细胞分化程度以及与肿瘤坏死因子突变体 ( TNF- m)细胞毒效应之间的关系。方法　以12 5I- TNF- m为配体 ,用放射配体结合分析法 ,检测了高、中、低不同分化程度的体外培养胃癌细胞 ( MKN2 8、SGC790 1、MKN4 5)的 TNFR,同时用 MTT比色法研究了 TNF- m对三株胃癌细胞的细胞毒效应。结果　三株胃癌细胞 TNFR数目分别为每细胞 9.8× 10 -12 nmol、5.6× 10 -12 nmol、3.2× 10 -12 nmol,三者之间比较 ,TNFR数目差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 5)。解离常数基本一致 ,同一温度时三株胃癌细胞 TNF- m的内化率几乎相等 ,且呈温度依赖关系。TNFR的半衰期大约为 90分钟 ,胞膜与胞浆 TNFR数目之比约为 1∶ 2 ,TNF- m对三株胃癌细胞的最大杀伤率分别为 86%、60 %、34 % ,差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 5) ,且 39℃时的杀伤率高于37℃时的杀伤率。结论　胃癌细胞表面 TNFR数目与胃癌分化程度相关。 TNF- m的细胞毒效应与TNF数目及 TNF- m的内化量有关。     

胃癌p53,c—erbB—2和nm23癌基因蛋白的免疫组织化学研究

目的利用胃癌生物学恶性信息,探讨术前检测ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２和ｎｍ２３蛋白对胃癌的诊断价值。方法收集胃癌手术标本１４１例,胃镜活检标本９３例,应用免疫组化技术检测ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２和ｎｍ２３蛋白在上述组织中的表达。结果ｐ５３阳性率为４５．８％～５６．３％,ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２为１８．３％～３０．２％,ｎｍ２３为７２．９％～８１．３％,在非胃癌组织中无表达;ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２的表达与肿瘤组织的大小、癌细胞的分化程度及Ｌａｕｒéｎ分型有关,且ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达阳性组５年生存率低于阴性组;ｎｍ２３的表达与肿瘤的生长方式、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关。三种癌蛋白的阳性率在胃癌的胃镜活检标本和手术标本中无显著差别。结论对胃癌组织进行ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２和ｎｍ２３蛋白的检测,有助于胃癌的诊断、良恶性病变的鉴别诊断、非手术临床分期的判断和评估胃癌患者的预后。     

A morphological,biochemical, and radioautographic study in rats

Splenectomy has long been an establishmd surgical procedure in various conditions, including trauma. Because total splenectomy has often been correlated with sepsis, every surgeon tries to preserve as much of the injured spleen as possible. Contradictory reports have been published as to whether regeneration of the remaining splenic tissue is possible. In the present study, 28 Sprague-Dawley rats ( 100 g) were divided into four groups. They underwent two-thirds partial splenectomy; the remaining splenic tissue was examined after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. The following parameters were determined: weight, length, and protein and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of the remaining spleen. The incorporation of ³H-thymidine into the remaining spleen tissue was also measured. Histology and radioautography were studied in parallel. Results were compared with control animals that were operated upon but with no partial splenectomy. One day, 1 week, and 1 month following partial splenectomy, a slight increase in weight, length, protein, and DNA content as well as incorporation of the radioisotope into cellular DNA was found. By 3 months after the operation, there was no difference in the above parameters between the experimental animals and controls.Radioautographs indicated that most of the cells containing the isotope were situated in the perinodular areas in the red pulp, accompanied by an increased number of inflammatory cells. We found this cell proliferation mainly along the cut surface of the spleen. The slight increase that was found in all the parameters examined up to 1 month after partial splenectomy is an inflammatory response and not regeneration of the spleen.     

正确处理卫生工作的十大关系

该文提出了当前涉及整个卫生工作的十大关系,并就如何正确认识、正确处理这十大关系发表了自己的见解。     

抑癌基因p16在胃癌中的表达分析

目的探讨胃癌中ｐ１６基因蛋白的表达及其临床病理意义。方法用免疫组织化学法检测８７例胃癌ｐ１６的表达,结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果８７例胃癌中ｐ１６蛋白阳性表达率４４．８％,阳性反应以胞核分布为主,阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浸润深度及淋巴结转移无明显相关性,但与分化程度明显相关,高、中分化组的阳性率为５３．１％,低分化组阳性率为３４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论胃癌存在较高比例的ｐ１６蛋白阴性表达,提示在胃癌的发生发展中,ｐ１６基因失活起着重要作用。ｐ１６蛋白的高表达,可作为胃癌分化良好的指标。     

The processing of secretogranin II in the peripheral nervous system: release of secretoneurin from porcine sympathetic nerve terminals

The distribution of secretoneurin (SN), a peptide derived from secretogranin II (SgII), in the coeliac ganglion, the splenic nerve and the spleen was examined by immunohistochemistry. In the ganglion, SN immunoreactivity (IR) was unevenly distributed. Positive nerve terminals densely surrounded some postganglionic perikarya in which also intense SN-IR was present. In the crushed splenic nerves, intense immunoreactivities appeared proximal (but to a less extent also distal) to the crush of the nerve. Analysis by cytofluorimetric scanning (CFS) demonstrated that SN-IR and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity (NPY-IR) were predominant in the axons proximal to the crush representing anterogradely transported components. Using radioimmunoassay (RIA) we demonstrated that upon electrical stimulation (10 Hz, 1 min) of the splenic nerve, significant amounts of SN-IR (64.2+/-2.3 fmol) were released together with NA (4. 1x106+/-0.2 fmol) and NPY (330.0+/-7.2 fmol) from the isolated perfused porcine spleen. To evaluate the processing of SgII in sympathetic neurons, boiled tissue extracts (coeliac ganglia and splenic nerve) and boiled spleen perfusate (used as a suitable source for vesicle derived peptides) were analysed by gel filtration chromatography followed by SN-RIA. In all cases immunoreactivity was present solely as SN, indicating that SgII was fully processed to the free peptide. The evidence that SN is transported to the nerve terminals and is released from the porcine spleen upon nerve stimulation, suggests that it may modulate adrenergic neurotransmission and may also play a role in the neuroimmune communication.