Transplantation of purified islet cells in diabetic BB rats

Summary The ability to prepare purified islet Beta-cell aggregates was used to examine the survival of this cell type after allotransplantation in diabetic BB rats. The aggregates were intraportally implanted in numbers that were previously found to correct a streptozotocin-induced diabetic state in syngeneic or allogeneic Brown Norway recipients. When the grafts were prepared from RT1^u/l donors, which shared the MHC-class I antigen with the BB recipients (RT1^u/u), their implant sites became diffusely infiltrated by inflammatory cells and their metabolic function was completely lost within 5 weeks. MHC-class I incompatible islet Beta-cell allografts (RT1^n/n) exhibited a longer survival, in particular when combined with other islet endocrine cells and/or when covered by a 5-week cyclosporin treatment. In the latter combination, 10 of 12 BB rat recipients remained normoglycaemic over the 10-week observation period, their liver implants presenting a comparable insulin reserve and similarly discrete mononuclear cell infiltration as streptozotocin-diabetic Brown Norway rats receiving this treatment. However, administration of cyclosporin to diabetic BB rats was associated with a morbidity that was not observed in drug-treated streptozotocin-diabetic Brown Norway animals or in untreated diabetic BB rats. It is concluded that MHC-incompatible islet Beta cells can induce a long-term normalization in diabetic BB rats provided that they are implanted under conditions which allow allograft acceptance. The standardized preparation of purified islet Beta-cell grafts can help assessing the conditions for successful transplantations in diabetes with an autoimmune origin.     

非低温保存自体外周造血干细胞移植14例报告

目的:探讨非低温保存外周造血干细胞的活性,为临床自体外周造血干细胞移植提供方便有效的保存方法。方法:常规方法动员外周造血干细胞,CS-3000PLUS血细胞分离机采集外周造血干细胞,将采集好的干细胞加入肝素钠1250U后,放置4℃冰箱保存48~72h,预处理结束24h后回输。结果:全部病例获造血重建,MNC、CD34 细胞回收率分别为95.7%、91.4%,与保存前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:4℃冰箱保存外周造血干细胞48~72h的方法是安全、可靠的,适用于基层医院临床应用。     

Unusual cause of lung and renal disease in a baby with trisomy 21

We describe a case of right thoracic ectopic kidney in a 13-month-old boy with trisomy 21. We think an intrathoracic kidney should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a thoracic mass.     

Prevention dof recurrent cytomegalovirus disease in renal and liver transplant recipients: effect of oral ganciclovir

Background: Although the primary treatment of symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in organ transplant recipients is successful in >90% of individuals, relapsing disease, particularly in those with primary infection, remains an important problem. Previously, we had observed that the rate of symptomatic recurrence was >60% in those with primary disease (seronegative for CMV prior to transplant), and approximately 20% in those who were seropositive prior to transplant. The present study was undertaken to determine whether a maintenance regimen of oral ganciclovir for 2–3 months added to the routine 14–21 days of intravenous ganciclovir would further prevent symptomatic CMV recurrence. Methods: From May 1995 until June 1998, all kidney and liver transplant recipients with confirmed tissue‐invasive CMV disease or CMV syndrome were treated with 14–21 days of intravenous ganciclovir (5 mg/kg b.i.d. with dose adjusted for renal dysfunction) followed by 2–3 months of oral ganciclovir (2 g daily). The incidence of recurrence of CMV disease and/or viremia during and after oral therapy was then determined over a mean follow‐up of 530.6 days. Results: Thirty‐seven patients, 19 kidney and 18 liver transplant recipients, were studied; 5 had biopsy‐proven tissue‐invasive disease (13.5) and 32 suffered a CMV syndrome (86.5). Twenty‐one of these patients (58.6) were seronegative for CMV prior to transplant and received an allograft from a seropositive donor (D+/R?). Overall, 10 patients (27.0) developed CMV recurrence. Eight of 21 patients who were D+/R? for CMV (38.1) developed recurrence as opposed to 2 of 16 patients with other serologic status (12.5) (P=0.14). Patients with recurrent CMV disease and/or viremia had a peak antigenemia assay titer during their initial CMV event of 319.2 positive cells/2 slides compared with 109.8 positive cells/2 slides for patients without recurrent CMV infection (P=0.14); the trend of having a higher peak antigenemia assay titer among patients who recurred occurred both in patients who were at risk of primary CMV infection (D+/R? for CMV) and in those who were not. Two patients developed recurrent infection with strains of CMV that were resistant to ganciclovir. Conclusions: This new therapeutic regimen of oral ganciclovir following intravenous ganciclovir slightly reduced the overall rate of recurrent CMV disease and/or viremia, but it still did not adequately prevent CMV recurrence in patients who are at risk of primary infection prior to transplant. Of particular concern, 2 patients with primary infection treated with this regimen developed ganciclovir‐resistant recurrent disease ( Note Presented in part at the American Society of Transplant Physicians Meeting, May 1999, Chicago, Illinois.
).     

Effect of fluid shear stress on the internalization of kidney-targeted delivery systems in renal tubular epithelial cells

Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) are important target cells for the development of kidney-targeted drug delivery systems. Under physiological conditions, RTECs are under constant fluid shear stress (FSS) from original urine in the renal tubule and respond to changes of FSS by altering their morphology and receptor expression patterns, which may affect reabsorption and cellular uptake. Using a microfluidic system, controlled shear stress was applied to proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2. Next, 2-glucosamine, bovine serum albumin, and albumin nanoparticles were selected as representative carriers to perform cell uptake studies in HK-2 cells using the microfluidic platform system with controlled FSS. FSS is proven to impact the morphology of HK-2 cells and upregulate the levels of megalin and clathrin, which then led to enhanced cellular uptake efficiencies of energy-driven carrier systems such as macromolecular and albumin nanoparticles in HK-2 cells. To further investigate the effects of FSS on endocytic behavior mediated by related receptors, a mice model of acute kidney injury with reduced fluid shear stress was established. Consistent with in vitro findings, in vivo studies have also shown reduced fluid shear stress down-regulated the levels of megalin receptors, thereby reducing the renal distribution of albumin nanoparticles.     

天王补心丹联合丙硫氧嘧啶治疗甲状腺功能亢进的疗效观察

目的探讨丙硫氧嘧啶联合天王补心丹治疗甲状腺功能亢进患者的治疗效果。方法选取2018年1月—2019年6月许昌市人民医院收治甲状腺功能亢进患者86例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各43例。对照组患者口服丙硫氧嘧啶片,初始剂量为100 mg/次,3次/d,然后依据患者甲状腺激素水平改变剂量。治疗组在对照组基础上口服天王补心丹,1丸/次,3次/d。两组患者治疗30 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者中医证候积分,三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)和促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)指标水平,及随访结果情况。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为79.07%,显著低于治疗组的95.35%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组中医证候积分均明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组降幅明显大于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者FT3、FT4、TRAb的指标均明显下降(P0.05),而TSH指标则明显上升(P0.05),且治疗组明显好于对照组(P0.05)。随访期间治疗组患者的症状控制时间、肝脏损伤时间、TSH指标恢复正常时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。结论丙硫氧嘧啶联合天王补心丹治疗甲状腺功能亢进患者疗效显著,并改善患者的甲状腺激素水平,同时安全性好。     

Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Composition in Mice with CKD

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a renal disorder characterized by the accumulation of uremic toxins with limited strategies to reduce their concentrations. A large amount of data supports the pivotal role of intestinal microbiota in CKD complications and as a major source of uremic toxins production. Here, we explored whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could be attenuated in metabolic complication and uremic toxin accumulation in mice with CKD. Methods: Kidney failure was chemically induced by a diet containing 0.25% (w/w) of adenine for four weeks. Mice were randomized into three groups: control, CKD and CKD + FMT groups. After four weeks, CKD mice underwent fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy mice or phosphate buffered saline as control. The gut microbiota structure, uremic toxins plasmatic concentrations, and metabolic profiles were explored three weeks after transplantation. Results: Associated with the increase of alpha diversity, we observed a noticeable improvement of gut microbiota disturbance, after FMT treatment. FMT further decreased p-cresyl sulfate accumulation and improved glucose tolerance. There was no change in kidney function. Conclusions: These data indicate that FMT limited the accumulation of uremic toxins issued from intestinal cresol pathway by a beneficial effect on gut microbiota diversity. Further studies are needed to investigate the FMT efficiency, the timing and feces amount for the transplantation before, to become a therapeutic option in CKD patients.     

急性冠脉综合征患者冠脉介入术后对比剂肾损伤的危险因素

目的探究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者行冠脉介入操作后发生对比剂损伤(CI-AKI)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2018年宣武医院全年经皮冠状动脉造影术1 007例次,资料完整的ACS患者206例次。根据KDIGO标准将患者分为对照组(非CI-AKI组)(195例)和CI-AKI组(11例)。观察指标:年龄、性别、体重指数、既往病史(高血压,糖尿病,脑血管疾病,心功能不全,高尿酸血症/痛风,慢性肾脏病)、术前尿酸、血肌酐和尿素(术前、术后48 h内或7 d内)、手术类型、病变血管数、水化和血容量。通过进行单因素和多因素分析,筛选出ACS患者PCI术后CI-AKI的危险因素。结果 206例次患者中11例次(5.34%)发生CI-AKI。单因素分析显示,年龄、术前肌酐清除率和高尿酸血症病史等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,急诊手术(OR=4.881)和高尿酸血症病史(OR=5.916)是CI-CKI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论临床对于CI-AKI的认识不足导致CI-AKI的发病率较低且漏诊率高,PCI术后水化不足。急诊PCI和既往诊断高尿酸血症是CI-AKI的独立危险因素。与术前尿酸水平相比,既往诊断高尿酸血症对于CI-AKI的发生有更强的预测作用。     

秦艳虹教授治疗小儿遗尿症脾肾两虚型经验

秦艳虹教授根据小儿生理病理特点,并结合其多年的儿科临床经验,认为小儿遗尿症的病机为脾肾两虚、膀胱失约,故治宜温补脾肾、固摄止遗、先后天同治。秦教授以其自拟经验方止遗散配合艾灸、叫醒疗法内外结合治疗小儿遗尿症脾肾两虚型,临床疗效显著。附案例1则,以资验证。     

Psychological Adaptation to Serious Illness: A Qualitative Study of Culturally Diverse Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

ContextPsychological distress is associated with adverse health outcomes in serious illness and magnified among patients of low socioeconomic status. Aspects of one's culture, such as religion and spirituality, can influence these patients' coping response to distress. Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious illness that disproportionately affects patients of low socioeconomic status, but a theory-based understanding of this group's lived experience of CKD is lacking.ObjectivesWe explored the cognitions, emotions, and coping behaviors of patients with CKD with emphasis on those of low socioeconomic status. We further inquired into any influences of religion or spirituality.MethodsWe interviewed 50 English-speaking or Spanish-speaking adults with advanced CKD from three medical centers in Nashville, Tennessee. Analyses occurred with isolation of themes; development of a coding system; and creation of a conceptual framework using an inductive-deductive approach.ResultsMedian age was 65 years; median annual income was $17,500 per year; and 48% of participants had not progressed beyond high school. Key beliefs (awareness of mortality and lack of control) influenced patients' emotions (existential distress in the form of death anxiety, prognostic uncertainty, and hopelessness) and coping behaviors (acceptance, avoidance, emotion regulation via spirituality, and seeking social support via a religious community).ConclusionIndividuals with advanced CKD and low socioeconomic status lack control over disease progression, experience death anxiety and existential distress, and emphasize spirituality to cope. Our study identifies novel components for a psychotherapeutic intervention for patients with advanced CKD at high risk for adverse health outcomes.