移植肾组织TGF-β1和MMP-2表达及IV型胶原沉积与慢性移植肾肾病的关系

目的 探讨移植肾组织中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)的表达及IV型胶原沉积与慢性移植肾肾病(CAN)的关系.方法 对18例CAN患者进行了移植肾切除术.光镜下观察切除的肾组织标本并根据其纤维化的程度进行分期,用免疫组织化学技术和图像分析法检测移植肾组织中TGF-β1和MMP-2表达量及IV型胶原沉积情况,并分析患者血肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)的水平与移植肾纤维化程度的关系.结果 随着患者移植肾纤维化程度的加重,血清肌酐、尿素氮及肾组织中TGF-β1、IV型胶原基因表达量均增加,MMP-2表达量于移植肾纤维化早期明显升高,并随移植肾纤维化程度加重而逐渐降低.结论 移植肾组织中TGF-β1表达量增高及IV型胶原沉积可以促进CAN的进程,而MMP-2则可抑制其进展.     

亲属活体部分小肠移植术后早期并发症的防治

目的探讨亲属活体部分小肠移植术后早期并发症的防治。方法为3例短肠综合征患者和1例肠神经节缺失导致小肠无功能患者施行亲属活体部分小肠移植术,供、受者HLA配型均有4个以上抗原相合,供肠均取自回肠末端,长度为(150±10)cm,应用他克莫司、霉酚酸酯及甲泼尼龙预防排斥反应。术后采取抗凝、改善微循环、输注人白蛋白等措施调控患者的出、凝血功能,预防血管吻合口血栓形成和出血,给予法莫替丁或奥美拉唑预防应激性溃疡；给予头孢三代为主的抗生素、更昔洛韦以及氟康唑预防细菌、病毒及真菌感染,并注重对体表易感染部的消毒和护理；术后鼓励患者多下床活动,早期给予谷氨酰胺,尽早将营养支持治疗过渡为肠内营养,以促进移植肠功能的恢复。结果术后3d,1例患者发生肺部鲍曼不动杆菌感染,经抗生素治疗后控制。1例术后5 d移植肠系膜根部出现血肿,手术清除血肿。2例消化道分泌物及大便中发现真菌生长,给予氟康唑治疗后好转。4例在术后20 d左右均发生急性排斥反应,经加大FK506的用量,并以甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后逆转。4例患者,2例获得长期存活,至今分别存活6年8个月和3年2个月,另2例分别于术后5个月、35 d因感染死亡。结论小肠移植术后早期的并发症较多,与小肠的生理结构有关,术后早期并发症的成功防治是临床小肠移植成败的关键。     

Tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by the antiviral agent foscarnet

The antiviral agent foscarnet has long been used in our unit to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in renal transplant patients. The clinical effect has been convincing and, apart from changes in serum calcium levels, very few side effects have been noted. We have, however, observed a nephrotoxic reaction in a series of patients with initially good renal function who therefore received high doses of foscarnet. Transplant biopsies performed in five of those patients revealed degenerative changes in the tubular epithelial cells as well as tubular calcium deposits and an infiltration of the interstitium by mixed mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Renal insufficiency was accompanied by high fever. After withdrawal of the drug, the temperature rapidly normalized, whereas serum creatinine continued to rise for about 3 days and then fell back towards previous levels. We conclude that transplant biopsies are of great value in distinguishing between a foscarnet nephrotoxic effect and CMV nephritis, various forms of rejection, and other causes of impaired renal function.     

带血管的桡神经浅支及腓肠神经游离移植

自1981年1月以来,我院开展了吻合桡动静脉的桡神经浅支及小隐静脉或腓动静脉的腓肠神经游离移植,临床应用10例,分别为正中神经7例,尺神经3例。修复神经缺损长度平均为12.5cm。随访时间最短8个月,最长5年。术后测神经生长速度平均1.4mm/d,功能恢复满意。     

Identification of cytotoxic principles from Fusarium avenaceum using bioassay-guided fractionation

The cytotoxicity of extracts from rice cultures of five Fusarium avenaceum strains against the porcine epithelial kidney cell-line PK-15 was investigated using the Alamar Blue™ assay. After the identification of known fungal metabolites, cytotoxic extracts were fractionated using semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC and normal phase LC, and the fractions were tested for cytotoxicity. In this way, two different groups of metabolites were identified as the major cytotoxic principles of the extracts. High concentrations of enniatins, especially enniatins B and B1, inhibited the metabolic activity of PK-15 cells. Furthermore, an unidentified metabolite, produced in high amounts by a strain that produced relatively small amounts of enniatins, was also found to be cytotoxic to PK-15 cells. This study shows that enniatins, a group of cyclic depsipeptides, which have been ignored as significant contributors to the toxicity of fungal extracts, may account for most of the observed effect for F. avenaceum.     

三块游离组织组合移植I期修复复杂手外伤

研究复杂性手外伤的修复方式和游离组织组合移植的方式。方法：对36例严重手外伤采用在块游离组织组合移植修复。共有4种组合类型。结果：36例108块游离组织组合移植，全部成活，所覆盖的创面全部愈合，经过1年以上随访，移植足趾和Mu甲瓣恢复触痛、温度觉，两点瓣别觉在6-12mm，所有病例恢复了对掌、对指功能，能完成日常生活功能。结论：用三块游离组织组合移植修复复杂手外伤，虽手术时间长、创伤大，但可减少手术次数和减轻患者精神和经济负担，缩短疗程，并能早期进行康复训练，最大程度恢复手指的功能治疗。     

Aggressive therapy of infants with renal failure

Nine infants, who presented with renal failure within the first 3 months of life, were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Seven infants survived to an age of 12–15 months, when they received transplants. Two patients died while on CAPD. Six infants are alive with a functioning renal allograft, at an average age of 35.5 months and an average of 22 months post-transplant. Neurological development is normal in four of the six infants tested. The mean current height of the six transplant recipients is just below 2 SD from the mean.     

肾移植术后早期国产环孢素药动学的临床研究

目的:探讨肾移植受者术后早期服用国产环孢素的药动学变化特点。明确环孢素各时点血药浓度与时间曲线下面积(AUC)的相关关系。方法48例肾移植受者始服环孢素6mg/kg·d~(-1)1周后,按不同品种分环孢素组24例,赛斯平组14例及田可组10例,分别于服药即刻,服药后1、2、3、4、5、6、8、10、12h抽血查环孢素浓度(以C_0、C_1、C_2……C_(12)表示),比较不同品种药动学的变化特点。然后用逐步回归分析法计算环孢素的总体C_0、C_2、峰浓度C_(max),达峰时间(T_(max)),AUC以及各种指标的变异系数,并计算各浓度值与AUC的相关关系。结果三种国产环孢素在使用相同剂量时,C_0、C_2、C_(max)T_(max)及AUC差异均不显著,具有同质性。合并分析后,总体值C_0为(214.2±113.0)μg/L,总体C_(max)=C_2为(1048.0±378.7)μg/L,达峰时间(2.0±0.9)h,平均2h,AUC为(5106.4±1471.8)μg/(h·L)。抽血检测的10个时点浓度中,C_1、C_2、C_3、C_4、C_6、C_7与AUC的相关性有显著意义,其中C_2偏相关系数0.96最大,而变异系数(34.9％)相对较小。C_0不仅变异系数(52.8％)较大,且与AUC的相关性亦不显著。结论 国产环孢素总体峰浓度为C_2,与AUC具有较好的相关性,对AUC的变化影响大。可以将C_2作为临床一个常规的环孢素浓度监测指标。     

冠心病中医辨证与载脂蛋白关系的初步研究

对９６例各种类型冠心病患者进行中医辨证分型，检测其血清载脂蛋白ＡⅠ及Ｂ１００（ａｐｏＡⅠ及ａｐｏＢ１００），并设立对照组。结果显示各证型冠心病患者的ａｐｏＡⅠ，ａｐｏＢ１００及ａｐｏＢ１／ａｐｏＡⅠ均有不同程度的改变。在标实证中以痰浊型改变最为明显，其ａｐｏＡⅠ显著降低，ａｐｏＢ１００及ａｐｏＢ１００／ａｐｏＡⅠ显著升高。在本虚证型中以肾虚型改变最为明显、其ａｐｏＡⅠ显著降低。ａｐｏＢ１００／ａｐｏＡⅠ显著升高。这种各证型间的差异无疑对冠心病的中医辨证客观化有一定意义，值得进一步验证和探讨。     

中华眼镜蛇蛇毒对大鼠异种心脏移植超急性排斥反应的影响

试用中华眼镜蛇蛇毒消耗补体，观察其对豚鼠到ＳＤ大鼠异种心脏移植超急性排斥反应的影响。一次性给予小剂量ＣＣＶ腹腔注射后可明显降低大鼠血清补体溶血活性，４－２４小时后渐降至给药前１／２以下水平。ＣＣＶ可明显延长异种移植心脏４ 存活时间达２．５－３６小时，对照组仅为２５分钟；ＣＣＶ与脾切除，前列腺素Ｅ１联用可进一步延长移植心的存活时间，最长１例达４０小时。