经胃底心室短轴切面超声评价左心室功能100例分析

以经食道心脏超声技术,从胃底心室短轴切面对100例患者评价了其左心室功能。结果显示,经胃底超声计算的左心室容积、射血分数与同期左心室造影值接近(P>0.05),而左心室射血分数或心室周径缩短分数与患者临床心功能状态亦相关良好(r=-0.89,-0.81,P<0.01,n=100)。结论为,经胃底心室短轴切面超声评价左心室功能精确,可信。无创伤、可连续重复监测为其优点。     

术中经食管超声心动图监测行二尖瓣成形术

目的　评价术中经食管超声心动图在二尖瓣成形术中的作用。方法　 1993年 3月至 2 0 0 3年 3月 ,6 2例二尖瓣关闭不全病人在经食管超声心动图监测下行二尖瓣成形术 ,男 2 4例 ,女 38例 ,平均年龄 (31 3± 7 5 )岁。病因为退行性变 4 2例 ,先天性 2 0例。重度二尖瓣关闭不全 5 9例 ,中度 3例。根据二尖瓣病变的特征进行相应的成形手术。结果　全组无一例手术死亡 ,8例改行二尖瓣替换术。术后超声心动图检查二尖瓣无返流 3例 ,轻度返流 4 9例 ,中度返流 2例。结论　经食管超声心动图在术中能即时判断二尖瓣成形术的效果 ,并找出失败原因 ,从而指导进一步成形术。     

食管调搏作为临时起搏器治疗心跳骤停53例临床分析

食管调搏（TEP）对室上速的诊断和治疗作用大家非常熟悉,也常见有人报道,但TEP作为临时起搏器抢救突发心跳骤停患者却十分罕见。本研究就此问题探讨TEP的临床应用价值。     

实时三维超声心动图在围术期结构性心脏病中的应用价值

目的评价实时三维超声(RT-3DE)成像在围术期结构性心脏病中的临床应用价值。方法收集32例围术期结构性心脏病患者,应用RT-3DE经胸超声(TTE)和RT-3DE经食管超声(TEE)成像构建出病变的解剖特征,评价超声测值与手术测值的相关性。结果 RT-3DE TTE和RT-3DE TEE成像均能构建出结构性心脏病的病理解剖特征,但是RT-3DE TTE成像易出现伪像。在测量缺损最大值方面,RT-3DE TEE成像更接近术中测值。结论在评价围术期结构性心脏病时,RT-3DE TEE的准确率高于RT-3DE TTE,为心脏外科手术和内科介入治疗提供的信息更为可靠。     

Tornado-like appearance of spontaneous echo contrast assessed by real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography

We report a case showing that real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography provides unique information about the dynamic nature of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) in 3D space and has the potential to provide better understanding of SEC. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography for identifying the precise location of a left ventricular rupture in a patient with collapsed cardiac chamber

We report an emergent case of cardiac tamponade due to rupture of the left ventricle. Preload and intracardiac volume were decreased by percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS), which led to the collapse of the cardiac chamber. The collapsed cardiac chamber made it difficult to diagnose cardiac abnormalities by preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). On loading fluid infusion and transfusion as volume load to improve the hemodynamic status, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed several leakages in the left ventricular myocardium. Continuous careful observation on TEE led us to a confident diagnosis of left ventricular rupture. The diagnosis by TEE also led to the employment of the appropriate procedure. TEE is useful for detecting an abnormality due to the location of the cardiac chamber and echocardiographic probe. We also note that continuous careful observation led to the employment of the appropriate procedure.     

A novel view for visualizing a left pulmonary artery thromboembolus with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography

Visualization of thromboembolic material in the pulmonary artery is often difficult on transesophageal echocardiography, especially in the left pulmonary artery, because of the position of the left main bronchus. We present a case in which thromboembolic material within the midleft pulmonary artery was incidentally diagnosed using additional, modified transesophageal echocardiography views, in a patient undergoing mitral valve repair.     

经食管超声心动图在儿童复杂性先天性心脏病手术治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨经食管超声心动图(TEE)对儿童复杂性先天性心脏病(CHD)手术治疗的价值。方法复杂性CHD患者95例,年龄0.3～15.6岁(平均4.3岁),均在体外循环前后进行TEE检查。结果术前TEE首要诊断与手术诊断符合率100%,其中仅7例(7.4%)TEE次要诊断与手术诊断不符。TEE对经胸超声心动图诊断做出补充或修正9例(9.5%),其中6例(6.3%)由于TEE的发现而作出手术方案改变或相应处理。术后TEE成功显示率95.8%(91/95),在91例显示成功患者中,达到预期效果且无残余问题63例(69.2%),发现残余问题28例(30.8%),其中2例(2.2%)由于TEE的发现立即予以处理。结论术前TEE可准确诊断儿童复杂性CHD,有助于制定手术方案,术后TEE可及时发现残余问题,有助于提高手术成功率。     

Infective endocarditis in paediatrics

Infective endocarditis is a result of infection of the endocardium, particularly of the heart valves (native or prosthetic valves). The most common causative organisms in the paediatric population are: Streptococci, Staphylococci and Enterococci. The classical signs of infective endocarditis like Roth spots, Janeway lesions, splinter haemorrhages and Osler's nodes are relatively rare in children. A high index of suspicion in a febrile child with a new murmur, detailed history, meticulous examination, repeated blood cultures, and echocardiography are essential in establishing the diagnosis. Management of infective endocarditis involves a prolonged course of antibiotics, at least for 4–6 weeks depending upon the causative organism and underlying heart condition. Complications of infective endocarditis include congestive heart failure resulting from valvular damage/regurgitation, infective emboli leading to abscesses in other organs and abnormal host immunological responses. Prophylactic antibiotics for dental and other medical procedures like genitourinary tract procedures are no longer recommended in the UK. The emphasis should be on educating children and their parents in early recognition of infective endocarditis. Children at high risk of developing endocarditis should be assessed urgently after clinical suspicion.