Correlation between spinal cord blood flow and arterial diameter following acute spinal cord injury in rats

Summary Simultaneous measurements of spinal cord blood flow and arterial diameter at areas adjacent to a site of spinal cord injury were carried out to determine changes in CO₂ reactivity and autoregulation. The spinal cord injury was made at T10 level by the epidural clip compression method. A spinal window was drilled at an area either 7 mm caudal or 7 mm rostral to the injury site for the measurement of spinal cord blood flow and arterial diameter at the same time. Spinal cord blood flow was decreased at both spinal windows, especially at the rostral window. Arterial diameter was also decreased significantly at both sites. The ischaemic zone evaluated histologically tended to expand more diffusely in the rostral direction than in the caudal direction.In the pre-injury stage, both CO₂ reactivity and autoregulation were present in the spinal cord. Following the clip injury, CO₂ reactivity and autoregulation were both impaired in the areas 7 mm adjacent to the impact site. Correlation coefficients suggested that the rostral spinal cord tended to sustain more injury than the caudal spinal cord.The histologically proven spinal cord ischaemia following the injury may have resulted from the decreased arterial diameter and impaired CO₂ reactivity and dysautoregulation of the spinal cord.     

微球囊血管扩张成形术在膝下动脉闭塞性病变中的应用

目的:总结微球囊扩张成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性病变技术要点。方法:采用微球囊扩张成形术治疗106例膝下动脉病变为主的重症周围动脉闭塞性疾病。结果:例患者中,截肢率为2%,死亡率为1%。7例临床未获得成功的患者中截肢率为43%,死亡率为14%。结论:介入治疗成功率93.4%。术后平均随访1年8个月,介入治疗成功的99微球囊扩张成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性病变成功的关键是开通经胫前、胫后和腓动脉到达足部的直接血流。     

近肾动脉腹主动脉下段闭塞症的手术方法探讨

目的探讨近肾动脉腹主动脉下段闭塞症（juxtarenal aortic occlusion）的手术治疗方法。方法总结自1995年以来作者收治的27例腹主动脉末端闭塞症的临床治疗，术中暂时阻断肾上主动脉（平均7min），纵行切开主动脉，迅速清理近肾主动脉病灶，缝合上段纵行切口后改为肾动脉下主动脉阻断，完成人工血管主-股动脉转流手术。结果术后22例触及股动脉和胭动脉搏动，术后7d患肢缺血症状均得以改善。手术后3月复查，患肢缺血症状消失，25例阳痿现象得到改善，彩色超声显示血管吻合口及人工血管内均未见血栓。25例获得1年以上的随访，吻合口通畅率为100％；18例获得5年以上随访，吻合口通畅率为94．4％。结论将肾上主动脉暂时阻断后纵行切开主动脉，迅速去除病灶，主动脉缝合成型，然后在肾下主动脉阻断后完成主-股动脉转流是治疗腹主动脉末端闭塞性疾病较好的手术方案。     

超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞联合喉罩全身麻醉在小儿疝囊高位结扎术的镇痛效果

目的探究超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合喉罩全麻下小儿疝囊高位结扎术的镇痛效果。 方法选取2016年1月至2018年1月,湖北省洪湖市人民医院150例接受疝囊高位结扎术的患儿,随机分为观察组（75例）和对照组（75例）。对照组采用单纯喉罩全身麻醉,而观察组在对照组基础上进行超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞。比较2组患儿的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、躁动及疼痛评分、苏醒时间、手术时间及并发症发生状况。 结果观察组的并发症发生率（6.7%）低于对照组（17.3%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿手术时间、苏醒时间、躁动评分、12 h小儿疼痛量表（12 h FLACC）评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组插入喉罩后、手术开始时、拔除喉罩时与麻醉诱导前比较,MAP、HR差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;对照组插入喉罩后、拔除喉罩时与麻醉诱导前比较,MAP、HR差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,手术开始时MAP、HR高于麻醉诱导前（P<0.05）。麻醉诱导前、插入喉罩后、拔除喉罩时2组间的MAP、HR差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,手术开始时,观察组的MAP、HR均低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论小儿疝囊高位结扎术中应用超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合喉罩全麻的麻醉效果较好,术后苏醒快,可以缓解患儿术后疼痛及躁动,降低并发症的发生率,具有临床应用价值。     

原发性肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后共刺激分子4-1BB(CD137)配体的变化和意义

目的　探讨原发性肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)前后肝癌细胞的共刺激分子4 -1BB(CD13 7)的配体(4- 1BBL)的变化及意义。方法　选取经TACE治疗后二期手术切除的原发性肝癌患者标本14例(TACE组)和未经TACE单纯手术切除的原发性肝癌患者标本2 1例(单纯手术组) ,应用免疫组织化学方法和RT -PCR方法检测肝癌细胞的4 -1BBL及4- 1BBLmRNA表达情况。结果　TACE组肝癌细胞中4 -1BBL和4- 1BBLmRNA的表达明显低于单纯手术组。结论　TACE后肝癌细胞中4 -1BBL的表达下调会影响机体的抗肿瘤免疫反应,并可能是TACE治疗原发性肝癌难以根治并易复发、转移的原因之一。     

右锁骨下动脉插管体外循环技术的临床应用

目的　探讨右锁骨下动脉插管体外循环技术在临床应用的价值。方法　在深低温、停循环时应用右锁骨下动脉插管的选择性脑灌注技术 ,手术治疗 70例累及主动脉弓的心血管疾病病人。结果　全组体外循环时间 5 2～ 32 8min ,平均 (12 9 18± 46 78)min ,脑部低流量灌注时间最长达 81min ,平均(2 8 0 6± 2 1 0 7)min ,术后病人 6h内全部清醒 ,无神经系统并发症。结论　停循环期间 ,采用右锁骨下动脉插管的选择性脑灌注方法进行脑保护简便、安全、有效。     

椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤的治疗方法探讨

目的：探讨椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤的治疗方法与策略。方法33例患者经全脑血管造影术证实为椎基底动脉分支大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉与小脑后下动脉之远端动脉瘤,分别为8例、6例、9例、10例。其中血管内栓塞治疗29例,直接行开颅动脉瘤夹闭术2例,数字减影血管造影（DSA）与磁共振成像（MRI）三维影像融合数据输入神经导航,在神经导航指引下行开颅动脉瘤灼闭手术1例,1例因血管内栓塞治疗失败未进行手术治疗。结果所有病例无手术相关死亡,2例患者行弹簧圈栓塞术,术后1 d 患者再出血死亡,1例栓塞未成功又未行手术患者病情好转出院,余30例患者未发生术后再出血。结论椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤多数手术治疗难度大,应首选血管内栓塞治疗。     

Revascularization of the gastroepiploic artery in pancreas transplant.

Thrombosis accounted for 52.0% of all transplant failures in one recent large series and is felt to result from devascularization of the pancreas during organ procurement. A technique to revascularize the pancreas is described. The operative notes and angiograms of 110 consecutive pancreas transplants were reviewed. Eight pancreata were found deprived of blood supply to the head and the neck of the pancreas on indigocarmine-renograffin table angiograms. During back table reconstruction a distal branch of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was dissected and anastomosed end to end to the gastroepiploic artery using 8-0 monofilament suture. Repeated table angiogram showed excellent blood supply to the head of the pancreas, the duodenum and the body and tail of the pancreas. The pancreas transplantation proceeded with iliac artery graft inflow, portal venous outflow and enteric drainage. Simultaneous quadruple therapy with thymoglobulin, CNI, MMF and a 4-day course of steroids was used. All patients became insulin independent and euglycemic. No duodenal leak was observed in the entire series. In summary, 1-ligation of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) is not a safe procedure, especially when arterial blood supply from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is poor or inexistent, 2-table angiogram helps delineate the high risk hypo-perfused pancreas, 3-preservation of the right gastroepiploic artery and the branches of the SMA allows an easy revascularization of the pancreatic graft.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术序贯微波消融治疗单发直径大于5 cm原发性肝癌的临床研究

[摘 要] 目的 观察经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮微波消融（MWA）治疗单发直径大于5 cm 原发性肝癌（PHC）的近远期疗效与安全性。方法 将2014年7月至2016年12月秦皇岛市第一医院介入治疗科收治的72例大肝癌患者按照随机数字法分为联合组（37例）和对照组（35例）,对照组给予TACE治疗,联合组在TACE治疗基础上联合MWA治疗;记录治疗期间药物毒性反应与并发症,治疗1个月判定近期疗效并评估肿瘤负荷变化,随访记录肿瘤无进展生存时间（PFS）和总生存时间（OS）。结果 联合组治疗1个月后客观缓解率（ORR, 78.4% vs 62.9%）、疾病控制率（DCR,97.3% vs 91.4%）均高于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;联合组治疗1个月后AFP[（4.82±0.78）ng/mL vs（5.41±0.91）ng/mL]、IGF-II[（5.63±0.90）ng/mL vs（6.08±0.84）ng/mL]以及IGFBP-2 [（8.08±0.92）ng/mL vs（8.54±0.96）ng/mL]水平均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。联合组有效病例行TACE治疗次数显著少于对照组[（1.67±0.52）次 vs（2.00±0.66）次,P＜0.05];联合组中位PFS、OS分别为11.0个月、16.0个月,对照组分别为7.5个月、11.5个月,两组PFS、OS生存曲线差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。联合组1年无疾病进展比例（39.4% vs 10.7%）及1年生存率（69.7% vs 42.9%）、2年生存率（30.3% vs 10.7%）均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。联合组肝区疼痛发生率（67.6% vs 40.0%）显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,特异性并发症为针道出血与胸腔积液。结论 TACE治疗单发大肝癌基础上序贯MWA能进一步减轻肿瘤负荷,增进TACE疗效,减少TACE治疗次数,能明显延长患者生存期,并发症可控.