肝癌TACE术中应用利多卡因的效果观察

目的观察肝癌TACE术注入栓塞剂前应用利多卡因联合规范围手术期护理,对包括老年人群在内的肝癌患者的镇痛效果及对睡眠和生活质量的影响。 方法将100例拟行TACE术肝癌患者,按入院先后顺序分为两组各50例。两组均给予规范围手术期护理,观察组在TACE术中注入栓塞剂前一次性注入盐酸利多卡因注射液100 mg,对照组在注入栓塞剂前不注入利多卡因。两组均采用疼痛评分（视觉模拟评分法）、癌症患者生活质量量表、Spiegel量表评估两组术前、术后24 h疼痛、生活质量、睡眠情况。 结果两组术前生活质量评分、Spiegel量表评分比较及疼痛评分均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。术后24 h生活质量评分,观察组（35.08 ± 9.50）与对照组（38.72 ± 10.9）比较无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,观察组优于对照组;术后24 h Spiegel量表评分,观察组（11.56 ± 2.31）与对照组（9.02 ± 2.69）比较均有统计学意义（P < 0.001）,观察组优于对照组;术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分,观察组（2.38 ± 1.47）与对照组（4.08 ± 1.59）比较有统计学意义（P < 0.001）,观察组优于对照组。 结论TACE术中注入栓塞剂前应用利多卡因联合规范围手术期护理,可以减轻肝癌患者包括老年人群在内的术后疼痛,改善其睡眠质量。     

放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞及酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗肝癌合并瘤栓的长期结果

目的 探讨调强放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞及酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI）治疗肝细胞性肝癌合并静脉瘤栓患者的长期随访结果。方法 回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年10月北京大学肿瘤医院收治的63例肝细胞性肝癌合并静脉瘤栓且无远处转移患者,其中28例接受调强放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞及索拉非尼（A组）,35例接受调强放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞（B组）。采用倾向评分配比法,分析联合与不联合索拉非尼组的治疗疗效。结果 中位随访时间62个月。A组和B组的中位生存时间分别为19.0和15.2个月（χ²=3.15,P=0.076）,A组的中位无进展生存时间为10.7个月,高于B组的8.6个月（χ²=3.99,P=0.046）。经过倾向评分配比平衡组间差异后,A组的中位生存时间为30.6个月,明显高于B组的15.2个月（χ²=5.34,P=0.023）;A组的中位无进展生存时间12.5个月,仍然高于B组的8.3个月（χ²=4.79,P=0.026）。全组10例（15.9%）患者治疗中出现3级血液学毒性,7例（11.1%）患者出现3级肝功能异常。A组较B组的皮肤反应、手足综合征和腹泻发生率高,但均为1~2级不良反应。全组无4级不良反应,无放射诱发肝病及治疗相关死亡发生。结论 长期随访结果显示,肝细胞性肝癌合并静脉瘤栓患者在调强放疗加动脉化疗栓塞的基础上联合TKI提高了疗效。     

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and embolization in the treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma

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Hepatocellular carcinoma and chemoembolization

Abstract
Background : Chemoembolization is often used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma; however, there are limited data on its efficacy in an Australian setting.
Aims : To review retrospectively the experience of 21 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who collectively had 36 chemoembolizations performed between October 1995 and February 1999 in a teaching hospital and liver transplant centre in Victoria.
Methods : Selective catheterization of the right or left hepatic arteries was performed. A mixture of cis-platin 50 mg, epirubicin 50 mg, mitomycin C 10 mg, Lipiodol and gelfoam was injected. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at baseline and at 1–3 months after chemoembolization. Outcome measures included response rates, toxicity, progression-free and overall survival.
Results : CT response rates: partial response 19% ( n = 7), median duration 11 months (range 2+ to 37+); minor response 17% ( n = 6), median duration 7 months (1+ to 12+); stable disease 42% ( n = 15), median duration 3 months (1+ to 15 months); and progressive disease 22% ( n = 8). Major toxicities included one case each of acute renal failure, contrast encephalopathy, gastric ulceration and hepatorenal failure. Median progression-free survival was 3 months (range 0–37+). Median overall survival was 15 months (range 6–50+).
Conclusion : Chemoembolization has a role in the palliative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Our response rates and toxicity data are consistent with those in the published literature. However, new treatments are needed and prevention of disease by reduction in the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C will be required to significantly reduce mortality from this tumour. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 517–522.     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮微波消融序贯治疗早期肝癌的疗效及预后影响因素

目的：探讨早期肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮微波凝固消融(PMCT)序贯治疗后的临床疗效及预后影响因素。方法2011年1月—2014年4月收集早期肝癌患者66例,先行TACE,5~7 d后在超声引导下行PMCT。分析术前、TACE和联合PMCT治疗后肝功能、甲胎蛋白(AFP)的变化。Kaplan-Meier计算无瘤累积生存率,Chi-square分析影响复发的高危因素,有统计学意义者引入logistic回归多因素分析。结果66例早期肝癌TACE后较术前ALT、TBIL、DBIL显著升高(P<0．01);联合PMCT后较术前AST、ALT、DBIL升高(P<0．01);联合PMCT后与TACE相比,AST升高(P<0．01), TBIL、DBIL降低(P<0．01)。联合PMCT与术前、TACE相比AFP均降低(P<0．01)。本组病例随访期间死亡1例,3年累积生存率98．5%。复发19例,1、2、3年的无瘤累积生存率分别为70．3%、50．8%、41．6%。单因素和多因素分析AFP≥100μg/L、病毒载量≥103拷贝/ml和肿瘤边界不规整是早期肝癌联合治疗后复发的危险因素(P<0．05)。结论 TACE联合PMCT序贯治疗是早期肝癌较理想的治疗方法,TACE后序贯PMCT不会影响肝功能恢复进程,AFP≥100μg/L、病毒载量≥103拷贝/ml和肿瘤边界不规整是早期肝癌TACE联合PMCT序贯治疗后复发的危险因素。     

C臂CT引导经皮乙醇消融术在巨块型肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞后的近期疗效

目的 评价C臂CT引导经皮无水乙醇消融术(PEI)在巨块型肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后的可行性及近期疗效.方法 回顾分析巨块型肝癌患者95例,其中40例行单纯TACE治疗(对照组),55例行TACE联合PEI治疗(联合组).对照组1个月后重复TACE治疗1次.联合组TACE1周后行PEI.术前经C臂CT扫描评估碘油沉积情况,定位穿刺路径及注入部位.2周后对碘油沉积缺损部分追加PEI.3个月后两组复查CT,对碘油沉积分布情况进行统计学分析.结果 联合组初次PEI术后显示碘油沉积为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型病灶分别为41.8％ (23/55)、49.1％(27/55)、7.3％ (4/55)和1.8％(1/55);2周后分别为25.4％ (14/55)、50.9％(28/55)、16.4％(9/55)和7.3％(4/55).再次对除Ⅰ型病灶外的41例患者行PEI.3个月后复查CT,对照组碘油沉积Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型病灶分别为7.5％ (3/40)、30％(12/40)、42.5％(17/40)、20％(8/40);联合组碘油沉积Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型病灶分别为30.9％(17/55)、40％ (22/55)、23.6％(13/55)、5.5％(3/55).两组差异有统计学意义.结论 C臂CT成像技术在TACE术后联合PEI治疗巨块型肝癌的指导和评估中具有重要价值,保证了手术的安全性、准确性和有效性.     

磁共振表观弥散系数变化率对肝细胞肝癌患者单次TACE术后疗效评价的应用价值

目的 探讨磁共振表观弥散系数(ADC)变化率(即△ADC)在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)单次经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后疗效评价中的应用价值.方法 选择48例确诊为中晚期HCC并于TACE术前、术后1个月接受常规CT、MRI扫描以及MRI弥散加权成像和动态增强扫描的患者,建立所有患者的随访数据,随访中以肿瘤出现进展为随访结束点,记录患者治疗后肿瘤无进展生存期(PFS);以TACE术后1个月再次行数字减影血管造影(DSA)的肿瘤染色结果作为“金标准”,将病灶按治疗效果分为良好组、中等组及差组3组,并根据各组PFS绘制生存曲线.分别比较△ADC、CT及MRI 3种方法对TACE术后疗效的判定价值,并与“金标准”的一致性进行检验.结果 48例患者共56个病灶纳入分析,以“金标准”评价治疗效果,结果:良好组30个、中等组16个、差组10个,3组间生存曲线差异有统计学意义(x2=29.89,P＜0.01),中位PFS分别为7.5、4.0和1.1个月;TACE术后各组ADC均升高,3组间△ADC差异有统计学意义(F=22.41,P＜0.01),且3组间生存曲线差异亦有统计学意义(x2=26.57,P＜0.01),中位PFS分别为7.5、4.6和1.8个月.经Kappa检验,△ADC与“金标准”疗效评价方法具有一致性(Kappa值为0.542,P＜0.01);以MRI和CT评价治疗效果,其与“金标准”的一致性较差(Kappa值分别为0.328和0.260,P均＜0.05),3组间生存曲线仅MRI评价方法显示差异有统计学意义(x2=30.623,P＜0.01).结论 △ADC能及时、客观地评价TACE治疗效果,对指导患者术后的后续治疗有重要临床意义.     

核苷(酸)类似物在经肝动脉介入治疗乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝细胞癌中的作用

目的探讨核苷(酸)类似物在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相关肝细胞癌(HCC)经肝动脉介入治疗(TAIT)中的应用价值。方法入组60例HBsAg阳性且不能手术切除的HCC患者,配对分为核苷(酸)类似物治疗组(A组)和常规保肝降酶组(B组),每组30例。对两组进行常规TAIT同时,给予常规保肝降酶治疗,A组同时联合核苷(酸)类药物行抗病毒治疗。比较两组的生存率,分析预后影响因素。结果 A组核苷(酸)类似物抗病毒初始治疗药物选择:恩替卡韦14例,拉米夫定8例,阿德福韦酯8例,其中4例患者出现病毒学突破,经加用另一核苷(酸)类似物后实现病毒持续抑制。B组中,13例(13/30,43.33%)患者分别在第1~9次TAIT后发生病毒学突破,中位突破时间为5.52个月(4次TAIT后)。两组共死亡48例,其中A组20例,B组28例,中位生存期分别为29.63、14.77个月(χ2=7.51,P=0.01)。A组和B组中BCLC分期C期患者中位生存期分别为23.63、8.07个月(2χ=7.11,P=0.01)。Cox回归模型分析显示:患者是否行核苷(酸)类似物抗病毒治疗、肝功能分级、肝癌BCLC分期影响患者预后。未发生核苷(酸)类药物相关严重不良反应。结论采用TAIT治疗HBV相关HCC时联合应用核苷(酸)类药物安全、有效。     

Biliary complications of arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Rationale and backgroundTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most frequently used palliative therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a safe and effective procedure with few major and minor complications. Rarely, biliary complications are also encountered following TACE. The goal of our study was to investigate the incidence and the presentation of biliary complications following TACE in patients with HCC.Material and methodsIn this retrospective study, data of patients with HCC who underwent TACE between June 2002 to December 2014 were obtained from the records. Their detailed information about the procedure of TACE, diagnosis of biliary complications and subsequent management details were reviewed.ResultOne hundred and sixty-eight patients with HCC underwent 305 procedures of TACE. Of these, biliary complications of various severities developed in 6 (3.6%) patients leading to an incidence of 1.9% (6/305). Minimal intrahepatic biliary dilatation (IHBD) occurred in three, biliary stricture in one and intrahepatic biloma in two patients. Supportive management was undertaken for IHBD patients while percutaneous aspiration and naso-biliary drainage was performed for the infected bilomas.ConclusionBiliary complications following TACE are infrequent. Diagnosis should be suspected clinically and confirmed with imaging. Treatment depends on the severity. Enforcing specific measures can minimize its frequency.