Catadioptric stereo-vision system for the real-time monitoring of 3D behavior in aquatic animals

Fish species have been used as vertebrate model systems for numerous human diseases. However, a comprehensive monitoring system for continuously tracking the positions of aquatic animals is still lacking. Manual or simple automatic methods usually lead to false or incomplete behavioral parameters. In this paper, a video-based 3D system is proposed for monitoring aquatic animals. This system is comprised of a novel catadioptric stereo-vision setup and methods for robust tracking of 3D motion-related behavior. The system has many advantages over 2D monitoring methods, such as being able to completely monitor the animals' behavior in 3D space with high spatial and temporal resolution, track multiple animals simultaneously without any physical marker, and accurately reconstruct 3D motion trajectories despite the potential problems of water refraction and reflection. Alterations in swimming behavior following exposure to acute ethanol were studied in goldfish (Carassius auratus) using the 3D behavior monitoring system. In analyzing the experimental data, a systematic comparison was made between the 3D goldfish behavioral parameters and their dimensionally reduced 2D forms. It was found that the 3D monitoring method was able to generate more accurate behavioral parameters than the conventional 2D methods. Compared to the results from 3D method, the hypothesis test conclusions based on 2D methods are more prone to error. It is expected that the 3D behavior monitoring system can significantly improve the efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness of behavioral studies and of model development in aquatic animals; potential applications include pre-clinical drug development, in-vivo compound screening, and bio-sensing.     

个案追踪法在急性心肌梗死患者护理质量控制中的应用

目的：探讨个案追踪法在急性心肌梗死患者护理质量控制中的应用效果。方法：运用个案追踪法对急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI术的患者接受的诊疗护理服务进行追踪检查,比较两组护理质量得分情况。结果：实施个案追踪法后,观察组护理质量得分、住院时间、满意度及桡动脉穿刺术后出血发生率均优于对照组。结论：通过运用个案追踪法进行分析及评价,解决临床实际问题,提升护理质量,促进护理质量的持续改进。     

Automated segmentation and tracking of non-rigid objects in time-lapse microscopy videos of polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Time-lapse microscopy is an important technique to study the dynamics of various biological processes. The labor-intensive manual analysis of microscopy videos is increasingly replaced by automated segmentation and tracking methods. These methods are often limited to certain cell morphologies and/or cell stainings. In this paper, we present an automated segmentation and tracking framework that does not have these restrictions. In particular, our framework handles highly variable cell shapes and does not rely on any cell stainings. Our segmentation approach is based on a combination of spatial and temporal image variations to detect moving cells in microscopy videos. This method yields a sensitivity of 99% and a precision of 95% in object detection. The tracking of cells consists of different steps, starting from single-cell tracking based on a nearest-neighbor-approach, detection of cell–cell interactions and splitting of cell clusters, and finally combining tracklets using methods from graph theory. The segmentation and tracking framework was applied to synthetic as well as experimental datasets with varying cell densities implying different numbers of cell–cell interactions. We established a validation framework to measure the performance of our tracking technique. The cell tracking accuracy was found to be >99% for all datasets indicating a high accuracy for connecting the detected cells between different time points.     

河南省2006～2009年非结防机构网络直报肺结核病人发现情况分析

目的根据网络直报信息分析我省非结防机构肺结核病人发现转诊工作中存在的成绩和问题,为进一步完善和制订非结防机构疑似肺结核病人的转诊报告工作提供参考。方法收集和分析2006～2009年河南省非结防机构网络直报肺结核病人转诊/追踪情况报表及结防机构结核病控制工作报表资料。结果 2006～2009年河南省非结防机构疑似肺结核病人的总转诊到位率逐年上升,从30.8%上升到89.6%,直接转诊到位率和追踪到位率均有所上升,但4年间仍有45.3%的可疑病人没有到结防机构就诊,有40.5%的人没有追踪,有0.98%的人拒绝转诊,2.4%的病人追踪未到位。结论 2006～2009年河南省非结防机构疑似肺结核病人的转诊到位率和追踪到位率逐年提高,但仍有部分疑似病人丢失现象,病人的追踪工作需进一步加强。     

追踪方法学在呼吸机相关肺炎患者中的应用

结合院感科监测数据,选定1名呼吸机相关肺炎患者为研究对象,利用追踪方法学,追踪患者的治疗、护理、服务经历,从病人的角度“看”医院感染防控存在的问题,持续改进,促进了医疗质量的提高。     

Cell Tracking Using Nanoparticles

Tracking cells in regenerative medicine is becoming increasingly important for basic cell therapy science, for cell delivery optimization and for accurate biodistribution studies. This report describes nanoparticles that utilize stable-isotope metal labels for multiple detection technologies in preclinical studies. Cells labeled with nanoparticles can be imaged by electron microscopy, fluorescence, and magnetic resonance. The nanoparticle-labeled cells can be quantified by neutron activation, thereby allowing, with the use of standard curves, the determination of the number of labeled cells in tissue samples from in vivo sources. This report describes the characteristics of these nanoparticles and methods for using these nanoparticles to label and track cells. Suggested reviewers: Timothy Henry, Anthony DeMaria, Bernard Gersh     

儿童少年血压的轨迹现象

对１１９７名初不则年龄７～１４岁儿童进行３年的纵向研究，用追访血压Ｚ值与初测血压Ｚ值的相关系数描述轨迹现象的大小。收缩压和舒张压的关系数范围分别是０．３０～０．５７和０．２２～０．４１，血压偏高组轨迹现象最明显，初测值重血压持续偏高的影响因素，提示血压偏高且肥胖的儿童成为持续性血压偏高者的可能性较大。     

One-year reliability of vibration sensitivity thresholds in human beings

Vibration sensitivity of the 3rd and 5th digits was evaluated in 36 female volunteers (between 22 and 36 years of age at the beginning of the study) previously screened for the absence of neurological disorders. Both fingers were tested in the same subjects on weeks 1, 2 and 52 in a balanced crossover design. Twenty-nine volunteers completed all 3 sessions. All participants gave their informed consent prior to participation. The test session was divided into trials. Each trial consisted of 2 sequential intervals, identified by a signal, and vibration was applied to the fingertip during either the first or the second interval. The subject was instructed to press the push button corresponding to the interval that contained vibration (two-interval forced-choice procedure). Vibration amplitudes were varied according to the up-down transformed rule for the estimation of the amplitude corresponding to 75% correct detection. Vibration sensitivity thresholds were stable as reflected by the lack of a trend over time, and by the compound symmetry of the variance-covariance matrix, which reflects stability of threshold variances as well as of intersession correlations over time. Reliability of vibration sensitivity makes this test potentially suitable for longitudinal evaluation of somatosensory functions.     

Attention-based motion perception and motion adaptation: what does attention contribute?

Attention-based motion perception refers to the phenomenon that a stimulus with ambiguous motion energy can be seen to move in a direction that is under attentive control of the observer. The role of attention is obvious when the stimulus is ambiguous: it makes the stimulus move in one direction. The goal of the current experiment is to investigate what the contribution of attention under attentive tracking conditions actually is, especially while viewing-time progresses. We had our observers look at a circular array of four evenly spaced discs whose motion direction was biased in the clockwise direction. Observers either viewed the stimulus moving around a circular path passively or actively. In the latter case they attentively tracked one of the discs. The observer’s task was to indicate the perceived direction of motion. As time progresses, this kind of stimulus will undergo spontaneous motion direction reversals. We analyzed the time course of the reversals and show that actively attentive tracking the stimulus massively delays the reversal time. These results suggest that attention can temporarily overrule lower level adaptation.     

追踪延伸护理服务在川崎病患儿中的应用

目的:探讨追踪延伸护理服务在川崎病患儿中的应用效果。方法:选择2010年8月～2012年9月在我院儿科收治的123例川崎病患儿,根据有无开展追踪延伸护理服务分为对照组56例和观察组67例,对照组患儿给予川崎病常规护理,观察组患儿给予追踪延伸护理服务。比较两组患儿家属健康知识掌握程度、基础护理质量合格率和护理服务满意度。结果:观察组患儿家属健康知识掌握程度优于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患儿基础护理合格率和患儿家属对护理服务的满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:追踪延伸护理服务能够减少川崎病患儿住院时间和住院费用,提高患儿家属对疾病的认识程度及对护理服务的满意度。