Varenicline potentiates alcohol-induced negative subjective responses and offsets impaired eye movements

Background: Varenicline (VAR) is a partial nicotinic receptor agonist that is an effective smoking cessation medication. Preliminary evidence indicates that it may also reduce alcohol consumption, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. For example, VAR may reduce alcohol consumption by attenuating its subjectively rewarding properties or by enhancing its aversive effects. In this study, we examined the effects of an acute dose of VAR upon subjective, physiological, and objective responses to low and moderate doses of alcohol in healthy social drinkers. Methods: Healthy men and women (N = 15) participated in 6 randomized sessions; 3 sessions each with 2 mg VAR and placebo (PL) followed 3 hours later by a beverage containing PL, low‐dose alcohol (0.4 g/kg), or high‐dose alcohol (0.8 g/kg). Subjective mood and drug effects (i.e., stimulation, drug liking), physiological measures (heart rate, blood pressure), and eye tracking tasks were administered at various intervals before and after drug and alcohol administration. Results: VAR acutely increased blood pressure, heart rate, ratings of dysphoria and nausea, and also improved eye tracking performance. After alcohol drinking (vs. PL), VAR increased dysphoria and tended to reduce alcohol liking ratings. It also attenuated alcohol‐induced eye‐tracking impairments. These effects were independent of the drug’s effects on nausea before drinking. Conclusions: Our data support the theory that VAR may reduce drinking by potentiating aversive effects of alcohol. VAR also offsets alcohol‐induced eye movement impairment. The evidence suggests that VAR may decrease alcohol consumption by producing effects, which oppose the rewarding efficacy of alcohol.     

《预包装食品标签通则》(GB7718-2011)跟踪评价及对策建议

本研究对全国8个省市执行《预包装食品标签通则》(GB7718-2011)执行情况进行了跟踪评价情况分析。分析结果显示:生产企业的预包装食品名称标示符合GB7718标准要求的显著高于商场超市和农贸市场。商场超市预包装食品配料表标示以及配料表中添加剂的标示形式符合标准要求的显著高于农贸市场和生产企业。商场超市和生产企业的预包装食品标准代号标示符合标准要求的显著高于农贸市场。被调查的监管部门和食品生产经营单位GB7718标准知晓率为94.92%,社会公众调查该标准知晓率为78.35%。调查的各级监管部门和食品生产经营单位中有70.85%组织宣贯培训过该标准。各级监管部门和食品生产经营单位中有30.49%认为食品添加剂标示形式太复杂为主要难度内容,有16.59%认为配料表标示内容等要求太严。大部分监管部门和食品生产经营单位没有反馈过对GB7718标准的意见或建议。建议管理部门要重视标准工作,提升食品安全保障能力;要广泛吸纳意见,进一步完善标准的科学性和操作性;强化标准的宣传培训,提高标准的应用能力;进一步完善标准的跟踪评价机制;加强部门协作互享信息,提高标准执行力。     

Apresentação de Software para Pós-processamento de Curvas de Deformação Cardíaca: D-Station

BackgroundThe use of speckle-tracking echocardiography for evaluation of cardiac function has great applicability in different scenarios. The broad use of this method requires tools that allow the extraction of relevant data from strain curves and inclusion of these data in traditionally used parameters.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to present and validate a free software, called D-station, for analysis of strain curves.MethodsFrom raw data files, the D-Station determines the phases of the cardiac cycle, and simultaneously exhibits the strain and strain rate curves of different cardiac chambers. Validation of the software was done by global longitudinal strain (GLS), and the analyses were performed: 1) graphical comparison of EchoPAC and D-Station paired measurements in relation to equality line; 2) by coefficient of correlation of these measurements; 3) test of hypothesis (p > 0.05); and 4) Bland-Altman analysis.ResultsThe Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient indicated a strong correlation between the measurements. Results of the test of hypothesis showed a p-value = 0.6798 >> 0.05, thus also indicating an equivalence between the softwares. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias ≤ 1% and dispersion ≤ 2% between the measurements. The tests showed that, for GLS values lower than 10%, there was a trend for higher percentage difference between the values, although the absolute values remained low.ConclusionThe D-Station software was validated as an additional tool to the EchoPAC, which uses the raw data from the strain and strain rate curves exported from a proprietary software. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):496-506)     

左房时相功能诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者左室舒张功能障碍的价值

目的 应用二维斑点追踪（2D-STI）技术评价冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（CHD）患者左房时相功能,探讨其对左室舒张功能障碍（LVDD）的诊断价值。方法 将89例左室射血分数（LVEF）≥50%的CHD患者分为左室舒张功能正常者38例（正常组）和LVDD者51例（LVDD组）,应用实时三维超声心动图测量心脏结构及功能参数,2D-STI测量左房储存应变（LASr）、左房通道应变（LAScd）、左房收缩应变及左房容积指数,比较两组上述参数的差异。采用二元Logistic回归分析筛选发生LVDD的独立影响因素;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估各参数诊断LVDD的效能。结果 正常组与LVDD组室间隔侧和左室侧壁二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度、左房容积指数、二尖瓣舒张早期峰值流速与二尖瓣环早期运动速度比值、LASr、LAScd比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析显示,LASr、LAScd为CHD患者发生LVDD的独立影响因素（OR=0.668、0.670,均P<0.001）。ROC曲线分析显示,LASr诊断LVDD的曲线下面积为0.928(95%可信区...     

Visualizing the endocytosis of phenylephrine in living cells by quantum dot-based tracking

To study the intracellular receptor-drug transportation, a fluorescent probe consisting of phenylephrine–polyethylene glycol-quantum dots conjugate was employed to track endocytosis process of phenylephrine in living cells. This type of movement was studied by continuously filming fluorescent images in the same cell. We also calculated the movement parameters, and divided the endocytosis process into 6 stages. Furthermore, the movement parameters of this probe in different organelles were determined by co-localization of the probe fluorescent images and different cellular organelles. After comparing the parameters in cellular organelles with these in 6 stages, the whole endocytosis pathway was demonstrated. These results verified that this probe successfully tracked the whole intracellular dynamic endocytosis process of phenylephrine. Our method realized the visual tracking the whole receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is a new approach on investigating the molecular mechanisms and kinetic properties of intracellular receptor-drug transportation.     

Markerless motion capture can provide reliable 3D gait kinematics in the sagittal and frontal plane

Estimating 3D joint rotations in the lower extremities accurately and reliably remains unresolved in markerless motion capture, despite extensive studies in the past decades. The main problems have been ascribed to the limited accuracy of the 3D reconstructions. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to develop a new approach based on highly detailed 3D reconstructions in combination with a translational and rotational unconstrained articulated model. The highly detailed 3D reconstructions were synthesized from an eight camera setup using a stereo vision approach. The subject specific articulated model was generated with three rotational and three translational degrees of freedom for each limb segment and without any constraints to the range of motion. This approach was tested on 3D gait analysis and compared to a marker based method. The experiment included ten healthy subjects in whom hip, knee and ankle joint were analysed. Flexion/extension angles as well as hip abduction/adduction closely resembled those obtained from the marker based system. However, the internal/external rotations, knee abduction/adduction and ankle inversion/eversion were less reliable.     

护理专业毕业生就业状况的跟踪调查分析与对策

目的：了解护理专业毕业生就业状况及对本专业教学工作的建议,以全面提高护理专业教学质量和办学水平.方法：采用自行设计的调查问卷,对2012届部分毕业生进行调查.结果：毕业生专业对口率超过80％;对校、系教育教学工作持肯定态度达90％以上;对护理系实践教学安排满意率达到97％;50％的毕业生是通过校园招聘会获得工作岗位,对学校的就业工作满意度达到72％.结论：本专业毕业生大部分能在自己理想的单位就业,对目前的工作单位也表示满意;对校、系教育教学工作持肯定态度;学校、系在毕业生就业指导与服务工作方面取得很大进步.     

基于2015-2017年舆情监测数据的基层医疗卫生改革舆情评价

根据2015-2017年连续3年对全国“两会”期间“基层医疗卫生改革”舆情监测结果,从“新型农村合作医疗/新农合”“基层卫生综合改革”“基层卫生服务发展”“互联网+医疗”四大维度着手,运用R语言及Python等方法进行文本挖掘和数据分析,动态评价近年来公众对基层医疗卫生改革的情感感知情况,为基层医疗卫生改革政策的成效反馈和发展提供参考。     

Tracking of Noninvasive Ultrasound Measurements of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood: Findings from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

We examined tracking of ultrasound measurements of vascular structure and function in adulthood using data collected in the 2001 and 2007 follow-ups of Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. B-mode ultrasound measures of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), carotid artery distensibility (CDist) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was obtained on 1809 apparently healthy Finnish adults aged 24 to 39 years in 2001 (1014 females; 795 males). Significant 6-year tracking was observed for IMT (males, r = 0.56; females, r = 0.46), CDist (males, r = 0.35; females, r = 0.36) and FMD (males, r = 0.23; females, r = 0.20). Subjects with 10-year risk of CVD (according to the SCORE risk score) above sex-specific median had improved IMT (r = 0.44; r = 0.57, p = 0.0001) and CDist (r = 0.31; r = 0.40, p = 0.03) tracking compared with those below median. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m² decreased tracking of CDist (r = 0.36; r = 0.19, p = 0.01). In conclusion, ultrasound measurements tracked low to moderate over 6-years and was influenced by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor status. (E-mail: juho.raiko@utu.fi)     

An event-related potential evoked by movement planning is modulated by performance and learning in visuomotor control

Based on a previous exploratory study, the functionality of event-related potentials related to visuomotor processing and learning was investigated. Three pursuit tracking tasks (cursor control either mouse, joystick, or bimanually) revealed the greatest tracking error and greatest learning effect in the bimanual task. The smallest error without learning was found in the mouse task. Error reduction reflected visuomotor learning. In detail, target–cursor distance was reduced continuously, indicating a better fit to a changed direction, whereas response time remained at 300 ms. A central positive ERP component with an activity onset 100 ms after a directional change of the target and most likely generated in premotor areas could be assigned to response planning and execution. The magnitude of this component was modulated by within-and-between-task difficulty and size of the tracking error. Most importantly, the size of this component was sensitive to between-subject performance and increased with visuomotor learning. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.