骨盆倾斜角和骶骨倾斜角在合并脊柱疾病的患者行初次全髋关节置换术中的作用

目的总结对合并脊柱疾病患者行人工全髋关节置换术(THA)髋臼假体位置与骨盆矢状面解剖参数的相关性。方法 2004年4月至2011年12月,对收治的27例(38髋)合并脊柱疾病的患者采用THA治疗,其中强直性脊柱炎24例(33髋),既往脊柱内固定史3例(5髋),左侧19髋,右侧19髋;双髋11例,单髋16例。患者25男2女;年龄21～61岁,平均40.33岁,病程0.5～20年,平均12.1年。术前Harris评分为(37.76±15.9)分。结果所有患者术后效果满意,髋关节功能均得到显著改善,术后末次随访未见下沉、松动等现象,末次随访时Harris评分为(89.54±7.64)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=-9.096,P<0.01)。所有患者矢状面解剖参数的三者之间的关系为PI=SS+PT。SS>PT组术后Harris评分为(93.31±6.37)分,而SSPT组有着较好的临床疗效,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.242,P<0.05)。术后Harris评分与SS/PI成正相关,Pearson相关性为0.682(P<0.05)。髋臼外展角和前倾角与PT成正相关,Pearson相关性分别为0.866(P<0.01)、0.82(P<0.01),与SS成负相关,Pearson相关性分别为-0.254(P>0.05)、-0.412(P>0.05)。结论对于合并脊柱疾病的患者进行THA,因为患者骨盆和脊柱对病变或内固定的代偿性改变,术前进行矢状面参数的评估,对髋臼假体最佳位置的安放及避免术后撞击、脱位有着相当重要的意义。     

微创膝关节单髁置换中期临床疗效研究

目的前瞻性研究微创膝关节单髁置换术（UKR）治疗膝内侧室骨关节病的中期临床疗效。方法对自2006年1月～2008年6月采用OxfordphaseⅢ假体行微创（MIS）一UKR的56例患者（60膝）进行了中期临床疗效的分析,并从影像学、KSS评分、WOMAC评分以及VAS评分等方面进行疗效评价。结果平均随访时间（73．0±2．4）个月;所有患者无术后感染、血栓形成、活动半月板脱位等并发症;无一例翻修病例;无死亡病例;KSS临床和功能评分分别由术前平均（41．2±3．3）分和（52．1±4．6）分增至术后（94．8±4．1）分和（93．8±3．2）分;WOMAC评分由术前平均（46．7±3．6）分减少为术后（11．4±1．8）分;VAS评分由术前平均（7．39±1．25）分降为术后（1．72±0．36）分;各项指标手术前后比较均有统计学差异（P均〈0．05）。结论MIS—UKR中期临床疗效满意,是治疗膝关节内侧室骨关节病的一个良好的手术选择。     

基于国人205例Oxford3代单髁置换假体尺寸的临床研究

目的对国人单髁置换（UKA）假体尺寸进行临床研究,从而为临床上选择合适的UKA假体提供良好的参考。方法回顾性分析2007年1月-2013年3月采用UKA术（Oxford第3代假体）治疗205例患者的资料。总结国人UKA假体包括股骨和胫骨假体的大小分布情况,分析股骨-胫骨假体的最佳匹配关系,对国人流行病学资料[年龄,性别,左／右侧,身高及身高体重指数（BMI）]与股骨假体大小进行单因素分析（碧检验）和多因素分析（二分类Logistic回归模型）。以此205例资料为依据,初步建立国人UKA假体相关参数的分布图。结果（1）UKA假体分布：股骨假体尺寸分布,XS-6．3％,S-71．7％,M-22．0％,L-0％,XL-0％。（2）胫骨假体尺寸分布,AA．28．8％,A．38．0％,B-20％,C-11．7％,D-1．5％,E-0％,F-0％。股胫假体的最佳匹配关系：胫骨AA匹配股骨XS,胫骨A和B匹配股骨S,胫骨c和D匹配股骨M。（3）相关性分析：身高结合性别综合判断,其与股骨假体大小明显相关（P〈0．01）,而年龄,左／右侧,BMI与股骨假体尺寸分布均无明确的相关性（P〉0．05）。（4）初步建立了国人UKA假体相关参数的分布图。按照此标准,术前采用身高结合性别这一指标判断股骨假体大小的准确性达到84．9％,而术中采用胫骨假体判断股骨假体大小的准确性达到61．1％。结论中国人群UKA假体分布不同于欧美人群。国人的假体分布图能够较好的指导术中选用合适大小的股骨假体,然而临床上需要进一步积累病例数以建立更适合的参考标准。     

金属对金属大头径微创全髋关节置换术治疗青中年股骨头坏死的临床研究

目的探讨金属对金属（金对金）大头径假体微创全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗青中年股骨头坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的临床疗效。方法本组32例（35髋）青中年股骨头缺血性坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者,年龄24～59岁,平均45岁,术前髋关节Harris评分平均（37．9±7．5）分;以改良后外侧小切口、肌间隙人路、充分保留关节动力性组织结构为特征的金对金大头径微创THA治疗。术中严格采取正确的假体植入技术,术中保留完整的软骨下骨和髋臼横韧带,击入臼杯时一次性安装成功,正确运用万古霉素预防感染。术后口服利伐沙班片抗凝,术后12h开放负压引流及卧床行功能锻炼,术后第2天拔除引流管后扶拐下地部分负重行走,术后2—3周患者即可弃拐完全负重行走。结果本组32例35髋患者均获随访,随访时间为12个月～6年,平均为4年。所有患者切口均一期愈合,无深静脉血栓形成、关节脱位、坐骨神经损伤、髋臼及股骨疲劳骨折、关节疼痛等严重并发症,X线片示髋关节假体位置均良好,无松动、移位、股骨柄下沉、假体周围骨折等表现。末次随访Harris评分由术前平均（37．9±7．5）分,提高至术后平均（92．2±4．6）分,前后比较有统计学意义（t=44．341,P〈0．05）。所有患者末次随访时髋关节功能明显优于术前,均对治疗效果满意,完全恢复正常生活及工作。结论采用金对金大头径微创THA治疗青中年股骨头坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者,能够明显降低手术风险,缩短卧床时问,迅速恢复髋关节功能,减少手术并发症,取得了满意的近期临床疗效。随着基础和临床研究的不断深入,金对金大头径髋关节假体的长期疗效还需要进一步探讨。     

女性高屈曲度假体与普通高屈曲度假体治疗女性膝骨关节炎的近期临床疗效比较

背景：全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）已成为治疗膝骨关节炎（osteoarthritis of the knee,OA）的有效方法。但在治疗满意度上,男女之间差别较大。 目的：比较采用Gender Solutions Nex-Gen膝关节假体与普通高屈曲度假体治疗女性膝骨关节炎的近期临床疗效。 方法：2008年3月至2011年11月,55例（79膝）女性OA患者接受全膝关节表面置换手术。A组：24例37膝,采用Gen-der Solutions Nex-Gen膝关节假体（美国Zimmer公司）;B组：31例42膝,采用普通高屈曲度假体（美国Zimmer公司）治疗。对比两组手术并发症、KOOS （Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score）评分、主观满意指数（satisfaction in-dex,SI）、膝关节活动度、膝关节最大屈曲度、膝前疼痛发生率。 结果：55例患者中4例失访,平均随访35.2个月（24~50个月）,KOOS各项评分两组间比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但组内比较均有统计学意义（〈0.01）。组间及组内膝关节活动度、最大屈曲度比较差异均有统计学意义（〈0.01）。组间主观满意度比较有统计学意义（〈0.01）。A组下肢静脉血栓1例,给予抗凝治疗后痊愈;B组膝关节浅度感染1例,膝前反复痛7例,两组膝前疼痛率比较有统计学意义（〈0.05）。两组病例无膝关节僵直、神经血管损伤、假体松动。 结论：Gender Solutions Nex-Gen与普通高屈曲度假体均能有效治疗女性膝骨关节炎,但Gender Solutions Nex-Gen膝关节假体符合女性膝关节解剖,满意度、临床疗效更高。     

人工膝关节置换术后发热特点及趋势的相关分析

背景：围手术期发热在人工膝关节置换术患者中十分常见,但关节术后感染尤其是假体周围感染可产生灾难性后果,因此骨科医师对其患者术后发热仍难免特别担心。 目的：探讨人工膝关节置换术后发热的相关特点和趋势,以及人工膝关节置换术后发热与感染等因素的潜在关系。 方法：回顾性分析2009年7月至2012年5月行膝关节置换术的700例患者的病历资料。详细记录每例患者术前1 d至术后10 d每天的最高体温,术后血红蛋白丢失量、是否输血、麻醉方式、是否发生感染及感染类型等。 结果：351例（50.1%）人工膝关节置换术患者出现术后发热。在发热患者中,第1次发热症状最常出现在术后第1天（204例,占所有发热病例数的58.1%）,手术当日（55例,15.7%）和术后第2天（62例,17.7%）次之。整个住院期间的最高体温最常出现在术后第1天（168例,47.9%）、第2天（125例,35.6%）。25例（3.6%）患者发生术后感染事件,术后发热与感染事件、输血显著相关;与年龄、性别、血红蛋白丢失、麻醉方式等因素之间没有显著的相关性。在感染事件中,呼吸系感染最易引起术后发热。 结论：人工膝关节置换术患者术后发热与感染事件、输血明显相关,而连续发热、超过39℃的发热尤其需要引起医师对术后感染的警惕。     

Late occurring clinical deep vein thrombosis in joint-operated patients

In a prospective study of 4,840 patients, we determined the annual incidence of clinical deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in mobilized, discharged orthopedic-operated "high-risk" patients (hip replacement surgery, knee replacement surgery, nailed hip fracture) and assumed "low-risk" patients (diagnostic knee arthroscopy). In addition, the time from the operation to the time when the patients were readmitted with clinically suspected DVT and the distribution of radiologically-confirmed DVT were recorded. Thromboprophylaxis was routinely given for about 10 days to the high-risk groups during the hospital stay but not to patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. During 9 years, the annual incidence of DVT following major procedures was 2.1% (95% CI 1.6-2.6) vs. 0.6% (95% CI 0.2-1.1) after diagnostic knee arthroscopy. Symptoms appeared, on average, 27 (3-150) days after total hip replacement surgery, 36 (3-150) days after nailed hip fracture, 17 (6-30) days after total knee replacement and 1 (1-6) day after knee arthroscopy. In hip-operated patients, 50% of the DVT's were found in the proximal veins vs. 40% following knee arthroplasty.     

The Norwegian Hip Fracture Register: Experiences after the first 2 years and 15,576 reported operations

Background and purpose?The Norwegian Hip Fracture Register was established in January 2005 to collect nationwide information as a basis for improved management of patients with hip fractures. We now report our experience after the first 2 years.

Methods?After both primary operations and reoperations, the surgeons fill in a standardized 1-page form with information about the patient, the fracture, and the operation. Fractures treated with a total hip arthroplasty are reported to the national arthroplasty register, but are added to the hip fracture register before analyses are performed. 4, 12, and 36 months postoperatively, a standardized questionnaire including health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), visual analog scales concerning pain and patient satisfaction, and Charnley class for functional assessment is sent directly from the register to the patients. To evaluate the completeness of registration, our data were compared with data from the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR).

Results?During the first year of registration, all 55 hospitals treating hip fractures in Norway started to report their hip fracture operations. During 2005, the monthly reporting increased and it stabilized in 2006. 13,251 primary-operated hips (mean age of patients: 80 years; 72% females) and 2,325 reoperations were reported during 2005 and 2006. Compared to the NPR, the completeness of registration was 64% in 2005 and 79% in 2006. 58% of the patients who were alive answered the 4-month questionnaire. The non-responders were older, were more often cognitively impaired, and had a higher degree of comorbidity than the responders. Undisplaced femoral neck fractures (19% of all fractures) were almost exclusively operated with screw osteosynthesis (95%). Dislocated femoral neck fractures (38% of all fractures) were operated with a hemiarthroplasty in 52% of the cases. Osteosynthesis with a hip compression screw was the predominant operation method for trochanteric fractures (81%).

Interpretation?After only 2 years, our nationwide system for surveillance of demographics, treatment, and outcome of hip fractures is functioning well. As expected, the response rate for the 4-month questionnaires was relatively low due to the old population with high comorbidity and cognitive impairment. The different treatment methods used for patients in the same groups of fracture types show that there is still no consensus in Norway regarding the treatment of hip fractures.     

Knee Instability Before and After High Tibial Osteotomy

Knee joints were examined by three-point measurement (Edholm et al. 1976, 1977). the instability in arthrotic joints did not differ significantly from that in normal knees, but the varus/valgus deviation as measured by the three-point technique differed significantly from that in normal knees. After high tibial osteotomy for varus malalignment the instability increased significantly. An increase of more than 2° was associated with significantly poorer subjective results of operation. the findings indicate that shortening of the lateral stabilizing structures of the knee joint should be carried out in connection with high tibial osteotomy for varus malalignment. No upper limit of preoperative instability consistent with a good result of operation was established.     

Knee Function and Muscle Strength Following Distal Ileotibial Band Transfer for Antero-Lateral Rotatory Instability

In a prospective study, 60 consecutive patients underwent a distal iliotibial band transfer for anterolateral knee instability. Knee function was evaluated with a score system, static stability tests and a standardized test including thigh muscle measurements, a one-leg-jump-test and a figure-of-8 running test. At the 40-month follow-up there was a significant increase in the mean knee score. The quadriceps in the treated leg was significantly weaker than in the non-operated leg, and the quadriceps strength was significantly correlated to the knee score. The functional outcome after operation was generally unsatisfactory. Few patients attained normal values in all tests, primarily because of poor restoration of stability.