隐性失血对双侧人工全膝关节同期置换手术的影响

[目的]研究双侧人工全膝关节同期置换术术后隐性失血的相关因素。[方法]对2005年2月～2007年2月44例双侧人工全膝关节同期置换术患者进行回顾性分析，通过Gross方程，根据身高、体重及手术前后的红细胞压积推算术后平均显性失血量及平均隐性失血量。[结果]平均总失血量2065ml，其中显性失血量1198ml，隐性失血量867ml，使用自体血回输患者总失血量为2180ml，隐性失血量为937ml（42％）；未使用自体血回输患者的总失血量是1950ml，隐性失血量是799ml（41％）；两组的隐性失血相比差异无统计学意义。[结论]双侧人工全膝关节同期置换术术后隐性失血量占总失血量的比例较高，且使用自体血回输不能完全满足机体恢复体循环的需要，在围手术期要特别注意及时补充血容量。     

In Vivo Studies of Pulsatile Implantable Impeller Assist and Total Hearts

Abstract: A pulsatile impeller assist heart and a total heart were tested as a chronic left ventricular assist device in 5 calves and an acute biventricular assist device in 4 pigs respectively, to evaluate their blood compatibility. During the left ventricular assist experiments, the indicators for hemolysis, thrombogenesis, renal dysfunction, and hepatic dysfunction were measured preoperatively, at the beginning of the pumping, 6 h postoperatively, and every following day. The results demonstrated that the impeller assist heart causes no severe blood damage nor organ dysfunction in the experiments lasting up to 11 days. In biventricular assist experiments, the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and the he-matocrit, hemoglobin, free hemoglobin, and lactate dehy-drogenase levels were tested preoperatively at the beginning of the pumping and every 2 h postoperatively. The data remained in acceptable ranges during experiments lasting 6 h. It is confirmed that the authors' impeller assist heart and total heart have the advantages of simplicity, implantability, and pulsatility with good blood compatibility.     

Arthroscopic irrigation - a cautionary tale

A fit 38-year-old female patient developed absent foot pulses following a routine arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy. Irrigation fluid, which was delivered using an arthroscopic flushing set, had extravasated through a ruptured Baker's cyst into the popliteal fossa causing vascular compression and spasm. The pulses gradually returned to normal following the procedure. Knee arthroscopy is a common procedure and a Baker's cyst is a common sequel to degenerative disease. With the increasing popularity of pressurised fluid irrigation systems, this previously unreported complication is both relevant and important.     

涉及全椎骨之脊柱肿瘤的外科治疗

本文报告了4例涉及椎体及其后部结构的全椎骨肿瘤的外科治疗,介绍了全椎骨切除术的手术方法及手术注意事项。手术采用后路附件切除,上下椎体Steffee钢板内固定,前路椎体切除自体髂骨植骨融合,初步效果满意。本手术难度大、出血多、危险性高,术中采用控制性低血压,以减少出血。     

完全性肺静脉异位引流的手术治疗经验

为评估影响完全性肺静脉异位引流（ＴＡＰＶＤ）手术纠治的因素，本组纳入了２８例在中度低温体外循环和１５例在深低温停循环下手术纠治者。结果手术死亡４例，死亡率９．３％。随访３２例，２例肺静脉回流梗阻分别于术后５个月和２年３个月死亡。结论认为，ＴＡＰＶＤ必须早期手术防止肺血管阻塞性病变；术后定期随访；改进手术方法，防止心房内补片粘连所致肺静脉回流梗阻。     

大黄总甙、大黄素和番泻甙对小鼠离体肠管葡萄糖转运电位的影响

本实验采用记录翻转小肠和结肠囊葡萄糖转运电位的方法,来研究大黄泻下作用的有效成分大黄总甙、大黄素和番泻甙对小肠及结肠囊跨肠壁电应差的变化,发现上述成分可阻止葡萄糖和Na~+的转运,这一结果为进一步阐明大黄泻下作用的原理提供新的理论依据。     

人参总皂甙对不完全性脑缺血后海马CA1区NOS阳性神经元表达的影响

目的探讨人参总皂甙(GS)对不完全性脑缺血及再灌注不同时间后海马CA1区一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的影响及对神经元的保护作用.方法用双侧颈总动脉夹闭加放血的方法制成大鼠不完性脑缺血及再灌注模型,以还原烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)组织化学方法观察缺血及再灌注后海马CA1区NOS阳性神经元变化及GS对其的影响.结果单纯缺血组海马CA1区在缺血30min时NOS阳性细胞数最高(44.5±7.42),为假手术组2倍,再灌注2h、12h、24h、3d后逐渐下降,5d时恢复正常水平(21.12±3.50),缺血再灌注3d、5d时出现神经细胞损伤.GS能抑制缺血30min及再灌注各时程中NOS阳性神经元数量变化,并能预防缺血再灌注后迟发的神经元损害.结论GS对大鼠不完全性脑缺血及再灌注不同时程后海马CA1区NOS的异常表达有抑制作用,对神经元的保护作用.     

Clinical and radiological profile of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in Malaysia

Aims: To create a clinical and radiological profile of patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee in Malaysia. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis at a private rheumatology clinic were profiled for demographic and clinical features. Anteroposterior weight‐bearing, skyline and lateral knee X‐rays were taken. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Results: Women predominated (93%). Fifty‐eight percent of the patients reported bilateral knee pain. Difficulty in walking, climbing and squatting was high (85%, 97% and 93% respectively). Patients with knee pain had a higher BMI than controls. Radiological abnormality, related to osteoarthritis was present in 97%. Osteophytes were generally tricompartmental while joint space narrowing was less evident in the lateral tibiofemoral joint than in the medial tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint. Almost half (49%) the patients manifested radiological varus deformity The severity of radiological abnormality increased with age. Although patients with unilateral pain had milder radiological abnormality, it tended to be bilateral. Clinically detectable hip abnormality and nodal osteoarthritis were uncommon, as was radiological chondrocalcinosis. Conclusions: Patients presenting with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis to a rheumatology service had a high degree of disability, radiological abnormality and varus deformity. Radiological abnormalities were essentially bilateral and tricompartmental.     

80 例人工全髋关节置换术的中期疗效分析

目的 探讨人工全髋关节置换术的疗效。方法 回顾性研究了1997年3月至2002年12月期间连续全髋关节置换术80例(92髋)患者，平均随访54个月(14～84个月)，分析其中期疗效。结果 翻修率为5．4％(5／92)，Harris髋评分为优良以上84．8％(78／92)，中等8．7％(8／92)，差6．5％(6／92)。结论 外科技术的提高和假体生物工程的发展，提高了全髋关节置换术重建关节功能的疗效。     

磨损微粒诱导的局部生物学反应

人工髋关节置换失败的主要原因是假体的无菌性松动。研究表明 ,这和假体长期磨损产生的微粒作用于周围的巨噬细胞而诱发的生物学反应有关。磨损微粒激活假体周围组织细胞释放前炎症介质 ,诱导破骨细胞的活化和分化 ,引发假体周围的骨溶解。充分地认识这个过程 ,对减少人工关节无菌性松动 ,延长假体使用寿命具有重要意义。