颈椎前路限制性与非限制性钛板固定稳定性比较的实验研究

目的：分析比较颈椎前路非限制性钛板与限制性钛板固定的三维稳定性.方法：采用6具成人新鲜颈椎标本（C2～T1）,在MTS脊柱三维运动系统上先后测量C5/6完整、椎间盘摘除、椎间单纯植骨、限制性钛板及非限制性钛板固定状态下C5～C6节段在前屈、后伸、左右侧弯及旋转时的活动范围（ROM）.结果：单节段椎间盘摘除可造成颈椎明显失稳,单纯椎间植骨可维持颈椎的稳定性.限制性与非限制钛板固定均可以显著提高固定节段的稳定性,在屈伸及旋转运动中两种钛板之间无显著性差异,在侧弯运动时限制性钛板稳定性高于非限制性钛板.结论：在单节段颈椎减压植骨融合时前路限制性与非限制性钛板均可以显著提高固定节段的稳定性.     

补脾益肾颗粒联合脑电生物反馈治疗注意力障碍型儿童注意缺陷多动症

目的 观察补脾益肾颗粒联合脑电生物反馈治疗注意力障碍型儿童注意缺陷多动症临床疗效.方法 将注意力障碍型注意缺陷多动症患儿50例,采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组和治疗组,各25例,对照组采用脑电生物反馈仪治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予补脾益肾颗粒口服.疗程均为4周,应用疾病疗效标准、治疗前后脑电θ/β值、注意缺陷与多动障碍量表及行为量表评分、精神科疾病临床疗效总评量表SI评分指标评定疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率为80.0％,显著高于对照组的60.0％ (P ＜0.05);治疗后2组脑电θ/β值、注意缺陷与多动障碍量表及行为量表评分、精神科疾病临床疗效总评量表SI评分均较治疗前显著降低,但治疗组低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 补脾益肾颗粒联合脑电生物反馈治疗能明显改善注意力障碍型儿童注意缺陷多动症,疗效显著.     

流化床包衣法制备银耳多糖肠溶微粒

目的 考察并优化流化床包衣法制备银耳多糖肠溶微粒(ETPP)工艺条件.方法 以Eudragit L30-D55水分散体为包衣材料,柠檬酸三乙酯为增塑剂,滑石粉为抗黏剂,同时考察包衣后微粒的累计释放度,制备直径小于190 μm肠溶微粒.结果 载药量为40.62％,包封率为79.29％,酸中累计释放度小于10％,碱液中累计释放度大于75％,制备的微粒其平均粒径在115～190um之间,圆整度、堆密度、总收率均较理想.结论 应用流化床包衣法制备ETPP,其工艺简便,稳定可行,适合小鼠药物药理学和毒理学研究的需要和大工业生产.     

钛合金表面纳米氧化锌薄膜的体外细胞毒性研究

目的  评价钛合金表面纳米氧化锌薄膜对细胞毒性的作用。方法  观察小鼠胚胎成纤维L-929细胞在含纳米氧化锌薄膜的钛合金析出液中的生长情况,采用噻唑蓝比色法测定各组细胞的吸光度值,并计算出相对的细胞增殖率,进行细胞毒性评价。结果  各组细胞生长状况良好,细胞形态无异常,增值率>80%,细胞毒性等级为1级。结论  钛合金表面纳米氧化锌薄膜对细胞生长无毒害作用。

     

髌骨针结合钛缆与克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折疗效研究

目的 探讨应用髌骨针结合钛缆与克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015 年10 月～2018 年2 月因髌骨骨折于我院行手术治疗的113 例患者的临床资料,其中髌骨针结合钛缆组52 例,克氏针张力带组61 例,使用Bostman 髌骨骨折临床结果评估标准来评价两组术后膝关节功能,术后骨折愈合时间通过复查髌骨正侧位片评估,比较两组术后1 年内并发症总发生率。结果 113 例患者随访10～16 个月。髌骨针结合钛缆组的骨折愈合时间为（12.32±2.21）周,克氏针张力带组为（14.12±1.65）周,髌骨针结合钛缆组的骨折愈合时间更短（P＜0.05）。髌骨针结合钛缆组的并发症总发生率为5.77%,克氏针张力带组为11.48%,髌骨针结合钛缆组具有更少的并发症发生率（P＜0.05）。两组术后VAS 评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后功能优良率髌骨结合钛缆组为88.46%、克氏针张力带组为80.32%,髌骨针结合钛缆组可获得更好的膝关节功能,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 与传统的克氏针张力带相比,髌骨针结合钛缆可使骨折愈合时间缩短、获得更好的术后膝关节功能,减少并发症发生率。     

幼龄大鼠颅骨缺损及钛网修补后对其颅骨生长和智力发育的影响

目的:针对目前小儿颅骨缺损的多种治疗观念及课题组前期研究提出的“滑行理论”,利用幼龄SD大鼠模型探究颅骨缺损及钛网修补后对其颅骨生长和智力发育的影响。方法:将3周幼龄SD大鼠随机分成假手术对照组(SOC)、颅骨缺损组(SD)和钛网修补组(TMR),术前排除组间差异,术后同环境下饲养至性成熟进行旷场实验和Morris水迷宫实验后处死,测量体质量、颅骨径线、颅骨厚度、缺损内径和脑容积等指标。结果:术前体质量及颅骨径线显示三组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性;性成熟时体质量、颅骨径线、脑容积三组间均无差异(P>0.05),仅SOC组平均颅骨厚度较大(P<0.05);缺损内径方面SD组与TMR组无差异(P>0.05),且与术前相比均呈狭长形变;旷场实验中总路程、平均速度和静止时间及部分区域数据方面SD组与其他组有差异(P<0.05);Morris水迷宫实验显示第5天逃避潜伏期、首次穿越平台时间和目标象限时间占比等SD组与其他组均有差异(P<0.05)。结论:颅骨缺损未行修补对幼龄大鼠颅骨的正常生长无明显影响,但可能影响其智力发育;钛网修补并不会...     

Hybrid scaffolds of Mg alloy mesh reinforced polymer/extracellular matrix composite for critical‐sized calvarial defect reconstruction

The challenge of developing scaffolds to reconstruct critical‐sized calvarial defects without the addition of high levels of exogenous growth factor remains relevant. Both osteogenic regenerative efficacy and suitable mechanical properties for the temporary scaffold system are of importance. In this study, a Mg alloy mesh reinforced polymer/demineralized bone matrix (DBM) hybrid scaffold was designed where the hybrid scaffold was fabricated by a concurrent electrospinning/electrospraying of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer and DBM suspended in hyaluronic acid (HA). The Mg alloy mesh significantly increased the flexural strength and modulus of PLGA/DBM hybrid scaffold. In vitro results demonstrated that the Mg alloy mesh reinforced PLGA/DBM hybrid scaffold (Mg‐PLGA@HA&DBM) exhibited a stronger ability to promote the proliferation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and induce BMSC osteogenic differentiation compared with control scaffolding materials lacking critical components. In vivo osteogenesis studies were performed in a rat critical‐sized calvarial defect model and incorporated a variety of histological stains and immunohistochemical staining of osteocalcin. At 12 weeks, the rat model data showed that the degree of bone repair for the Mg‐PLGA@HA&DBM scaffold was significantly greater than for those scaffolds lacking one or more of the principal components. Although complete defect filling was not achieved, the improved mechanical properties, promotion of BMSC proliferation and induction of BMSC osteogenic differentiation, and improved promotion of bone repair in the rat critical‐sized calvarial defect model make Mg alloy mesh reinforced PLGA/DBM hybrid scaffold an attractive option for the repair of critical‐sized bone defects where the addition of exogenous isolated growth factors is not employed.     

镁合金网联合兔颗粒骨植入在兔体内异位成骨的实验研究

目的:使用普通和带涂层的镁合金网联合自体颗粒骨植入大兔体内,观察颗粒骨的愈合情况和镁合金网的降解速度.方法:用微弧氧化法在镁合金网表面制成20μm的涂层.将金属网制成直径为8 mm,高度为16 mm的圆柱状.分为A、B、C三组,分别为明胶海绵、普通镁合金网和20μm涂层镁合金网制作圆筒.取新西兰大白兔的自体的髂骨,制成细小颗粒骨,填充于圆筒中,植入白兔的臀部肌袋中.分别在第4、8周测血清镁离子并给予X线检查,观察植入物形态并且骨荧光标记镜下检测.结果:涂层20μm的镁合金网降解速度要慢于普通镁合金网,在X线和直观观察下在3组颗粒骨的愈合过程中未见明显差异;3组大白兔在不同时间段的血清镁离子浓度比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);镜下观察荧光染色带分布和间隔的紧密程度依次是C组最致密、B组次之、A组较为稀疏;3组植入物在大白兔体内未见明显排异反应,组织相容性较好.结论:镁合金植入物有较好的组织相容性,镁合涂层可减慢降镁合金解速度,并且对于骨的生长具有一定的促进作用.具有一定的临床意义.     

重组成骨蛋白-1在钛合金微粒环境下对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化的影响

目的在钛-6铝-4钒(Ti-6Al-4V)合金微粒环境下观察重组成骨蛋白-1(recombinant OP-1,r OP-1)对成骨细胞的影响,为防治关节假体无菌性松动提供新的治疗途径。方法根据小鼠颅顶骨前成骨细胞亚克隆14(MC3T3-E1)中是否加入Ti-6Al-4V微粒和r OP-1,分为微粒组(5、10、15μg/m L Ti-6Al-4V)、处理组(微粒组加入200 ng/m L r OP-1)、阳性组(加入200ng/m L r OP-1)和对照组,检测各组24、72、120 h MC3T3-E1细胞增殖能力、72 h碱性磷酸酶(akaline phosphatase,AKP)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)和骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)mRNA的表达,及120 h成骨细胞的矿化能力。结果 1r OP-1无促进Ti-6Al-4V微粒环境下成骨细胞增殖能力,与微粒组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2r OP-1可提高成骨细胞分化,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时逆转Ti-6Al-4V微粒抑制成骨细胞分化,与微粒组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3茜素红S染色后Ti-6Al-4V微粒钙结节数量随着浓度增加逐渐降低,和微粒组比较,加入r OP-1后钙结节数量呈增多趋势。结论 Ti-6Al-4V微粒环境下,r OP-1无提高成骨细胞增殖能力,能提高细胞分化矿化能力,r OP-1可以作为潜在治疗关节假体无菌性松动一种方法。     

Biodegradation of Titanium Implants After Long-Time Insertion Used for the Treatment of Fractured Upper and Lower Jaws Through Osteosynthesis: Element Analysis by Electron Microscopy and EDX or EELS

Twelve patients underwent an osteosynthesis with titanium to treat upper and lower jaw fractures. Six to 12 months later, the miniplates were removed. Tissue samples were analyzed by light and electron microscopy for detection of a metallosis. The analysis showed new bone formation like callus tissue around the miniplates. In some cases small, rounded deposits and accumulation of colloid-like particles located next to bigger titanium artifacts were detected in the cytoplasm of histiocytes and in the matrix of connective tissue. The titanium was identified by elemental analysis using EDX in SEM as well as by EELS and electron diffraction in TEM. Both kinds of particles contain titanium, but they seem to be different in composition and derivation. The bigger particles seem to consist of metallic titanium and sourced by working on the metallic implants during the implantation itself. On the other hand, the colloidal-like, small, rounded particles in tissue macrophages and outside the cells in the matrix of connective tissue are presumably of other origin; for example, they could be derived from biodegradation and chemical conversion of the metallic implants. The titanium miniplates were examined before and after implantation by using ESCA technique and revealed metallic titanium and different compositions with other elements. The amount of titanium load of the tissue was very low in most cases and presumably not of biomedical relevance.