Effect of some new thioglycosides on endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rabbits

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder seen in association with many clinical situations, e.g. sepsis, malignancy, obstetrical complications and intravascular hemolysis. In our model, disseminated intravascular coagulation was induced in rabbits by two consecutive intravenous bolus injections of endotoxin from Escherichia coli, 80 and 40 μg/kg. The control group was treated with 0.9% saline. The activity of thioglycosides was compared to unfractionated heparin (UFH) and efegatran with and without administration of endotoxin. Drugs were administered in the following doses: heparin 50 and 100 IU/kg/h i.v. infusion; efegatran 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg/h i.v. infusion; GYKI 39521 (RGH-1875) as well as GYKI 39541 (RGH-1962) 12.5 and 25 mg/kg per os. Thioglycosides did not modify coagulation parameters in this model [prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT)] as compared with endotoxin/vehicle group. The changes in TFPI level after administration of thioglycosides and heparin were similar in the mentioned model to those without endotoxin. Endotoxin-induced changes of leukocyte count were not affected by GYKI 39521 and GYKI 39541 treatment in our model. Diminution of fibrinogen level and platelet count was prevented by GYKI 39521 and GYKI 39541. Fibrin degradation products and fibrinolysis were significantly decreased by GYKI 39521 and GYKI 39541. The thioglycosides may have a lower risk of bleeding in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation than heparin.     

Dioxin in infants – an environmental hazard?

The concentrations of the most common dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners were measured in different tissues (e.g. liver, kidneys, subcutaneous fatty tissue and spleen) from 27 infants who died suddenly and unexpectedly. The cases could be subdivided into 2 groups consisting of 15 infants who died in 1991/1992 and in 12 infants who died in 1996/1997. The autopsies were carried out using a standardised protocol and additionally the parents were asked to supply details of the nutritional conditions. The age of the mother and the birth order of the infants were also recorded. From the results obtained by correlating these parameters with the dioxin concentrations three main factors could be established: 1) there was a significant decrease in the total dioxin concentration in infant tissues from 1991/1992 to 1996/1997 indicating a decrease in the environmental dioxin levels due to a decrease in dioxin emission, 2) the birth order was inversely and the duration of breast feeding directly proportional to the dioxin concentrations thus showing that the mothers can decontaminate themselves by breast feeding and 3) an accumulation of specific dioxin congeners was observed in the liver tissue but the pathophysiological significance of these observations is not yet fully understood. Because of the well-known beneficial effects of breast feeding and considering the results of the present study, this type of infant nutrition can be recommended without any restrictions. Received: 23 March 2001 / Accepted: 25 July 2001     

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目的探讨金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)在进行性肌营养不良(PMD)发病中的作用。方法中国医科大学附属第一医院等单位于2002年4月至2003年3月,借助免疫组织化学、双免疫荧光标记和Western印迹分析的方法,检测Duchenne型肌营养不良(DMD)、Becker型肌营养不良(BMD)和先天性肌营养不良(CMD)患儿活检肌肉标本中TIMP-1的表达和细胞定位。结果免疫组织化学和双免疫荧光标记结果显示TIMP-1在正常肌肉的血管内皮细胞处表达;免疫组织化学和Western印迹分析均显示在PMD萎缩的肌肉中TIMP-1的表达明显增强;双免疫荧光标记进一步显示TIMP-1在再生肌肉纤维、巨噬细胞和巨噬细胞浸润的坏死纤维中明显表达,DMD和CMD肌肉中的肌内膜和肌束膜中某些激活的成纤维细胞也强烈表达TIMP-1。结论在PMD病变部位TIMP-1产生增多及其分布类型提示TIMP-1可能参与了PMD的发病。     

组织多普勒技术对正常胎儿左心舒张功能的研究

目的探讨组织多普勒技术评价胎儿左心舒张功能的可行性及可靠性。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对61例孕妇的胎儿在胎心四腔切面用彩色多普勒测量二尖瓣口的血流速度,E、A及E/A比值,用组织多普勒速度模式测量瓣环运动速度;并按孕周对二尖瓣口血流与瓣环运动速度测值进行相关分析。结果二尖瓣口血流与二尖瓣环运动速度成正相关,各组数值随孕周的增加而增长。结论组织多普勒技术评价左心舒张功能是可行的,并且不受胎儿心率、负荷的影响,有一定的稳定性。     

组织芯片检测淋巴瘤中活化的细胞毒性细胞

目的：运用组织芯片及常规病理切片检测活化的细胞毒性细胞在各型淋巴瘤中的表达分布情况，为临床治疗和判断预后提供依据。方法：运用免疫组化方法检测60份淋巴瘤标本制成的组织芯片中穿孔素、颗粒酶B的表达和分布情况，同时选择10份鼻自然杀伤细胞（NK）／T细胞淋巴瘤常规标本与组织芯片进行比较研究，10份淋巴组织反应性增生标本作为对照。结果：在60份淋巴瘤组织芯片中，发生在淋巴结内者48份，淋巴结外者12份。B细胞淋巴瘤42份，T细胞淋巴瘤16份（外周T细胞淋巴瘤10份、NK／T细胞淋巴瘤2份、T淋巴母细胞瘤2份及问变性大细胞淋巴瘤2份），2份霍奇金淋巴瘤。42份B细胞淋巴瘤的瘤细胞均不表达穿孔素和颗粒酶B。10份外周T细胞淋巴瘤中8份表达穿孔素，9份表达颗粒酶B，阳性表达细胞均为非肿瘤细胞。芯片中的2份和常规10份鼻NK／T细胞淋巴瘤中均见穿孔素和颗粒酶B过度表达。T、B细胞淋巴瘤与NK／T细胞淋巴瘤比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：穿孔素和颗粒酶B是鉴定活化的细胞毒性细胞的免疫标志物，可作为NK／T细胞淋巴瘤的诊断性标志物；其在T细胞淋巴瘤中的表达反映了机体的抗肿瘤免疫反应机制。组织芯片技术具有高信息量、简捷、高效、实验误差小、重复性好等优点，可作为研究淋巴瘤的有用工具。     

组织型纤溶酶原激活物在中枢神经损伤中的调节作用

组织型纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）是目前临床上用于治疗急性脑卒中的首选药物，然而动物实验表明，在中枢神经系统内tPA可能通过促进小胶质细胞活化、促细胞外基质降解、增强N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体依赖性信号调节等途径促进兴奋性毒性诱导的神经元变性。也有研究指出，tPA能保护鼠神经元免于锌诱导的毒性损伤。本研究综述了近几年关于中枢神经系统中tPA的神经毒性与神经保护作用机制的研究进展。     

医学论文中常见的统计学问题与防范

作者从编辑角度客观分析了医学论文稿件中普遍存在的统计学问题，如研究设计不当、方法选择错误以及统计表达欠妥等。认为要提高刊出论文的科学性和可靠性，应通过加强自身理论学习和规范化培训手段，提高作者和编者在医学论文写作中对统计专业理论的应用能力，并通过建立对论文原稿的统计学审理制度，重视借惶统计专家的参与和指教，提高医学论文的科学水平.     

组织工程化神经研究进展

近年来,组织工程化周围神经研制工作取得了很大的进展。自体神经、同种异体神经和合成材料均可作为桥接神经缺损的神经导管,以化学萃取的同种异体神经及可降解的生物材料导管较为理想。同时,经培养和纯化后的雪旺细胞具有分泌多种神经营养因子活性,是提高修复神经损伤效果的关键。     

组织型纤溶酶原激活物与血栓相关性疾病的关系研究

血栓性疾病的及时、准确诊断及溶栓治疗效果,对疾病的预后起着关键作用。组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t PA)活性异常是心血管疾病血栓前状态的最危险因素。因此,密切观察t PA等纤溶能力指标的变化,对判断血栓相关性疾病的形成和发展有着十分重要的意义。目前检测t PA的方法主要为ELISA法测抗原及发色底物法测活性,这两种方法均有其局限性。