1977例甲状腺手术临床分析

目的：总结甲状腺疾病手术治疗的临床经验。方法：收集近9年来经手术治疗的甲状腺病例的临床资料,统计经手术治疗的甲状腺疾病的分类,各类手术并发症的发生率。结果：9年来甲状腺手术共1977例。男女性别比为1：5．68,其中包括甲状腺肿789例,甲亢755例,甲状腺瘤353例,甲状腺癌19例,甲状腺炎4例,甲状腺再次手术57例。共出现各种手术并发症105例,发生率为5．31％,无手术死亡病例。结论;接受甲状腺手术治疗的患者以女性占多数,现阶段各种甲状腺疾病仍以手术治疗为主,手术治疗也是安全有效的。     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者甲状腺功能状态的临床观察

目的：探讨慢性肾功能衰竭患者甲状腺激素的变化规律及机理。方法：受检CRF患者120例,其中肾功能不全代偿期27例,肾功能不全失代偿期26例,尿毒症前期32例,尿毒症期35例,健康查体30例,用放免法测定甲状腺素水平,结果：T3,T4,FT3,FT4降低水平和肾功能损害程度呈负相关,低T3,低T4发生率和肾功能严重程度相平行,rT3,TSH5组间比较无统计学意义,结论：CRF患者甲状腺的测定对于判断病情,估计预后,指导治疗有一定价值和帮助。     

充血性心力衰竭病人甲状腺素水平的变化

目的　为探讨充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者甲状腺素水平及其与预后的关系。方法　观测了 2 5例CHF患者 (治疗组 )治疗前后及同期 3 0例健康体检者 (对照组 )血浆甲状腺激素水平的变化。结果　治疗组T3水平明显低于对照组 ,且治疗组T3水平随心功能的恶化而降低 ,随治疗好转而回升 ,而T4 则明显波动。结论　CHF患者心功能与T3浓度有密切关系 ,还可降低外周血管阻力 ,减轻心脏后负荷     

Is patient age associated with risk of malignancy in a ≥4 cm cytologically benign thyroid nodule?

BackgroundCurrent data regarding the risk of malignancy in a large thyroid nodule with benign fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) is conflicting. We investigated the impact of patient age on the risk of malignancy in nodules≥4 cm with benign cytology.MethodsWe performed a single-institution retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery from 07/2008–08/2019 for a cytologically benign thyroid nodule ≥4 cm. The relationship between malignant histopathology and patient and ultrasound features was assessed with multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 474 nodules identified, 25(5.3%) were malignant on final pathology. In patients <55 years old, 21/273(7.7%) nodules were malignant, compared to 4/201(2.0%) in patients ≥55. Patient age ≥55 was independently associated with significantly lower risk of malignancy(OR:0.2,95%CI:0.1–0.7,p = 0.011). Increasing nodule size >4 cm and high-risk ultrasound features were not associated with risk of malignancy(OR:1.0,95%CI:0.7–1.4,p = 0.980, and OR:9.6,95%CI:0.9–107.8,p = 0.066, respectively).ConclusionsPatients <55 years old are 3.7-fold more likely to have a falsely benign FNA biopsy in a nodule≥4 cm.     

2021年美国甲状腺学会《甲状腺未分化癌病人管理指南》更新解读

甲状腺未分化癌（ATC）发病率低、预后差,为指导临床医生和研究人员对其进行规范化诊断和治疗管理,美国甲状腺学会于2012年制定了第1版《甲状腺未分化癌病人管理指南》。随着分子检测和靶向治疗结果的不断积累,2021年美国甲状腺学会对该指南进行了更新。新版指南强调了BRAFV600E分子检测在诊断及靶向治疗中的作用,增加了靶向治疗的内容,对晚期无法切除的 ATC病人更加推荐靶向治疗,而化疗则被更多的用于过渡性治疗和最终治疗。此外,新版指南也对病人的人文关怀进行了丰富和完善。     

铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的临床观察

背景与目的 淋巴漏为颈部淋巴结清扫术后常见并发症,传统治疗方法作用相对有限,而铜绿假单胞菌注射液处理创面可较好促进局部炎症反应以闭合漏点,因此本研究分析铜绿假单胞菌注射液对甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏患者引流量的影响及安全性,以明确铜绿假单胞菌注射液的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—2020年1月郑州大学第一附属医院甲状腺外科行颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后出现淋巴漏的69例PTC患者资料,依据淋巴漏治疗方式不同将其分为对照组（37例,术中常规双侧留置负压引流）、观察组（32例,在对照组治疗的基础上,术后第4、6天,通过引流管注入2支铜绿假单胞菌注射液）,比较两组术后引流量、体温变化,记录其引流时间及不良反应发生率。结果 两组术后第1、2、3天引流量比较差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,观察组术后第4、5、6天引流量低于对照组［（310.79±32.16）mL vs.（338.64±34.55）mL、（157.82±16.43）mL vs.（325.43±33.96）mL、（87.34±8.59）mL vs.（333.68±34.59）mL,均P<0.05］;观察组术后第6、7 天体温高于对照组［（37.78±3.77）℃ vs.（35.96±3.60）℃、（37.65±3.72）℃ vs.（35.79±3.68）℃,均P<0.05］,其他时点两组体温差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;观察组引流时间明显短于对照组［（6.17±0.63）d vs.（7.28±0.75）d,P<0.01］;观察组部分患者术后2周内出现局部发热、寒战不良反应,予以物理降温后均恢复正常,观察组术后不良反应发生率高与对照组（12.50% vs. 8.11%）,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗PTC患者颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏患者临床效果较好,可降低引流量,缩短引流时间,部分患者可能有体温升高、发热等现象,经对症处理后均可缓解,不影响治疗。     

Selected Topics in the Pathology of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands in Children and Adolescents

The goals of this chapter in keeping with the overall general themes of this special edition will be (1) to highlight aspects of development of the thyroid and parathyroid glands with particular focus on the role and contribution of the neural crest (or not) and how this may impact on the pathology that is seen, (2) to emphasize those lesions particularly more commonly arising in the pediatric population that actually generate specimens that the surgical pathologist would encounter, and (3) highlight more in depth specific lesions associated with heritable syndromes or specific gene mutations since the heritable syndromes tends to manifest in the pediatric age group. In this light, the other interesting areas of pediatric thyroid disease including medical thyroid diseases, congenital hypothyroidism, anatomic variants and aberrations of development that lead to structural anomalies will not be emphasized here.     

Recurrence of thyroid carcinoma in cervical soft tissue following surgical implantation: Case report

IntroductionThyroid cancer is the most common type of malignant endocrine cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancer, which includes papillary and follicular cancers, represents majority (90%) of all thyroid cancers and has a favorable prognosis.However, a minority of patients develops loco-regional recurrence.Case reportWe report here a rare case of a 63 years-old man who underwent total thyroidectomy in 2015 for multinodular goiter whose histopathological examination revealed a papillary thyroid carcinoma. He received 6 weeks later a 100 mCi of radioactive iodine therapy. In 2017, he was admitted for multiple cervical lymph nodes with high serum thyroglobulin level (234 ng/mL) which required a bilateral central and lateral neck dissection. He was readmitted in 2019 for multiple subcutaneous neck nodules with high serum thyroglobulin level (197 ng/mL). The histopathological examination of the excised nodules revealed a papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient showed no sign of recurrence after 2 years follow-up.ConclusionLocal soft tissue recurrence followed surgical implantation should be suspected when nodules are determined alongside the thyroid after previous thyroid surgery. Therapy for these soft tissue implants may be difficult; a comprehensive long-term postoperative evaluation should be completed to minimize the risk of recurrence in cervical soft tissue.     

妊娠期甲状腺功能减退症孕妇不同时期治疗效果及妊娠结局

目的:探究妊娠期甲状腺功能减退症孕妇不同时期治疗效果及血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺激素(FT4)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)水平和妊娠结局。方法:2017年6月30日-2018年5月30日本院产前检查孕妇中筛选患有甲状腺功能减退症者120例,选择60例为一般给药组,在孕8周前行L-T4替代治疗;60例为推迟给药组,在孕8周后行L-T4替代治疗;另选同期产前健康健康孕妇60例为对照组。检测不同妊娠期TSH、FT4、TT4及TPOAb水平。统计围生期结局。结果:治疗前,一般给药组与推迟给药组血清TSH、FT4、TT4及TPOAb水平与对照组存在差异(P<0.05),治疗后在孕30周时两给药组血清上述指标与对照组无差异(P>0.05)。一般给药组自然流产、妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘早剥比例低于延迟给药组(P<0.05),但与对照组没有差异(P>0.05);妊娠期高血压、低出生体重儿两给药组及与对照组均无差异(P>0.05);一般给药组子代6月龄、12月龄时Gesell量表评分高于推迟给药组(P<0.05),与对照组无差异(P>0.05)。结论:对甲状腺功能减退症孕妇妊娠早期及早干预,可有效降低围产期不良结局发生几率,保证新生儿的早期发育。