The effects of below-elbow immobilization on driving performance

IntroductionThere is limited research to guide physicians and patients in deciding whether it is safe to drive while wearing various forms of upper extremity immobilization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of below-elbow removable splints and fiberglass casts on automobile driving performance.Methods20 healthy subjects completed 10 runs through a closed, cone-marked driving course while wearing a randomized sequence of four different types of immobilization on each extremity (short arm thumb spica fiberglass cast, short arm fiberglass cast, short arm thumb spica splint, and short arm wrist splint). The first and last driving runs were without immobilization and served as controls. Performance was measured based on evaluation by a certified driving instructor (pass/fail scoring), cones hit, run time, and subject-perceived driving difficulty (1–10 analogue scoring).ResultsThe greatest number of instructor-scored failures occurred while immobilized in right arm spica casts (n = 6; p = 0.02) and left arm spica casts (n = 5; p = 0.049). The right arm spica cast had the highest subject-perceived difficulty (5.2 ± 1.9; p < 0.001). All forms of immobilization had significantly increased perceived difficulty compared to control, except for the left short arm splint (2.5 ± 1.6; p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in number of cones hit or driving time between control runs and runs with any type of immobilization.ConclusionsDrivers should use caution when wearing any of the forms of upper extremity immobilization tested in this study. All forms of immobilization, with exception of the left short arm splint significantly increased perceived driving difficulty. However, only the fiberglass spica casts (both left and right arm), significantly increased drive run failures due to loss of vehicle control. We recommend against driving when wearing a below-elbow fiberglass spica cast on either extremity.     

伴皮肤软组织缺损拇指指骨骨折一期修复

目的 探讨急诊一期钢板内固定结合示指背岛皮瓣修复伴皮肤软组织缺损拇指指骨骨折的临床疗效.方法 2003年7月至2007年7月,对35例伴皮肤软组织缺损拇指指骨骨折患者,采用钢板固定结合示指背岛皮瓣覆盖创面一期修复.结果 平均随访时间3.5年(1～5年),皮瓣全部成活,功能恢复较好,外观满意;骨折平均愈合时间3个月(2～4.5个月),无骨不连及畸形愈合,无感染.结论 示指背岛皮瓣结合坚强内固定,是急诊修复伴皮肤软组织缺损拇指指骨骨折的有效方法.     

先天性拇指疾病的疗效分析

目的：介绍先天性拇指疾病的治疗效果。方法：1988年起,对56例先天性拇多指畸形,先天性拇板机指及先天性拇巨指症进行手术治疗。采用拇指赘生指切除、副指皮瓣转移,多拇残端修整术治疗拇多指畸形;巨指截指及整形术治疗巨指症;增厚狭窄腱鞘切除术治疗先天性拇板机指。结果：术后随访2－10年。（1）先天性拇指多指畸形：主干拇指外形改善,拇外展充分,对指功能良好。（2）拇指板机指：拇指伸屈自如,发育满意。（3）先天性巨指症1例：示、中指巨指切除,拇指远节截除,近节缩短整形,术后外形欠佳。结论：先天性拇指多指畸形应根据具体情况选择手术方式,以改善畸形、恢复拇指功能。先天性板机指明确诊断手术疗效佳。先天性巨指症采用截指方法较为理想。     

胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能的解剖与临床研究

目的研究选择性胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能术式的临床解剖基础及临床治疗的效果。方法在20侧成人尸体胸部及上肢标本上，观测和比较胸小肌及拇对掌肌的解剖数据，行移植模拟试验以评估新术式的可行性；依据解剖研究结果，按新的手术方式施行临床手术治疗5例，术后随访拇对掌功能恢复情况。结果解剖研究结果显示：胸小肌位置恒定，具备独立的动、静脉和神经支配；移植肌与受区对掌肌匹配；临床手术治疗5例，术后随访6～12个月，拇对掌功能恢复，肌力均达到4级以上，大鱼际部外形满意。结论胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能这一术式有其临床解剖基础，移植手术能达到恢复对掌功能的要求，是一种新的对掌功能重建方法。     

Combined index finger pollicization with an anterolateral thigh flap for thumb reconstruction

A severe crush injury to the hand is devastating to patients. Under conditions in which the crush force is too great, the digits are not viable candidates for replantation. We present two cases in which the patients suffered from loss of the thumb ray at the first carpometacarpal joint and skin defect at the radial side. The tendons, radial nerve and metacarpal bone of the index finger were injured, and the second metacarpal head was retained. There was a comminuted fracture of the trapezium in both patients. The treatment protocols consisted of the index finger pollicization and the free anterolateral thigh flap transfer. The procedure was performed in a single operation. The new thumb is able to provide a stable post for pinch and grip after six months follow-up. Both patients were satisfied with the function and appearance of the reconstructed thumb.     

First carpometacarpal arthroplasty with ligamentous reconstruction: a long-term follow-up

Background

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate a single surgeon’s short, intermediate, and long-term clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes with a trapeziectomy with flexor carpi radialis (FCR) suspension arthroplasty without tendon interposition (LRSA).

Methods

Twenty-one patients underwent 26 FCR suspension arthroplasties without tendon interposition by a single senior surgeon. All patients had Eaton stage III and IV carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis. The Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) and Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) were used to evaluate functional outcomes. A comprehensive strength and range of motion evaluation was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes. Plain radiographs at rest and with maximal pinch were performed to evaluate for arthroplasty space subsidence.

Results

The LRSA exhibited consistent clinical and functional outcomes throughout postoperative follow-up. As the average patient age and time from surgery increased, range of motion (ROM) and PRWHE scores stayed relatively constant, while lateral tip and tip pinch strength deteriorated with time. The LRSA prevented the proximal migration of the first metacarpal in all but one patient. No patients required revision arthroplasty following LRSA.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the consistent short, intermediate, and long-term clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes following a trapeziectomy with FCR suspension arthroplasty.

     

拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指深度创面的临床应用

目的 了解拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指深度创面的效果 . 方法 2007年5 月-201 3年12月,笔者单位应用拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣共修复22例患者拇指Ⅳ度损伤创面,创面面积为2.0cm×1.5cm～4.0cm×2.5cm,皮瓣切取面积为2.1cm×1.6cm～4.1cm×2.6cm,供瓣区均于同侧上臂内侧切取全厚皮片移植修复 . 结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,血运良好,拇指创面愈合良好,供瓣区移植皮片成活 . 术后随访6个月～1年,患者皮瓣质地、色泽、外形良好,患指功能恢复良好.结论 拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣具有手术操作简单、术后成活率高、外形不臃肿等优点,是修复拇指深度创面的较佳选择.     

尺侧指固有动脉与桡动脉腕背支桥接的断拇再植

目的:介绍一种治疗近端动脉严重损伤的拇指离断再植术的方法,并评价其疗效。方法:2007年2月至2009年3月,采用前臂掌侧静脉移植,桥接鼻咽窝处桡动脉腕背支与尺侧指固有动脉的远侧断端,治疗13例近端动脉严重损伤的拇指离断。男11例,女2例;年龄16～50岁,平均34.5岁。左侧7例,右侧6例。完全离断8例,不全离断5例。急诊再植10例,按常规步骤再植术后动脉危象探查修复3例。结果:13例拇指全部成活。所有患者获得随访,时间8～17个月,平均11个月。再植拇指外形满意,根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准:优9指,良3指,差1指。指腹两点辨别觉58mm,平均6.5mm。结论:静脉移植桥接鼻咽窝桡动脉腕背支与尺侧指固有动脉远端的方法修复拇指动脉,行复杂拇指离断再植,手术体位舒适,不影响手部血供,扩大了再植适应证,提高了再植成功率。     

高能量激光联合针对性手功能训练治疗1-2级拇腕掌关节骨性关节炎的疗效观察

目的：观察高能量激光(high-intensity laser therapy,HILT)联合针对性手功能训练对1-2级拇腕掌关节(carpometacarpal,CMC)骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的疼痛和侧捏力的影响。方法：选择2020年4月至2022年4月诊断为1-2级CMC OA的患者42例,年龄58~80(68.90±7.58)岁,均为女性,分为观察组和对照组,各21例。观察组患者接受HILT及手功能训练4周,对照组患者接受超短波治疗及矫形器制动4周。分别在干预前、干预后即刻以及干预后12周采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)比较疼痛程度,采用测力计观测拇指侧捏力并比较手指功能恢复情况。结果：干预后即刻及干预后12周,两组患者VAS及拇指侧捏力均较治疗前改善(P<0.05)。但与对照组比较,观察组VAS减轻程度更大(干预后立即t=3.37,P<0.05,干预后12周t=9.05,P<0.05),拇指侧捏力平均值高于对照组(干预后立即t=-2.55,P<0.05,干预后12周t=-9.51,P<0.05)。结论：高能量激光联合针对性手功能训练较传统方法更能有效改善1-2级拇腕掌关节骨关节炎的疼痛和侧捏力。     

拇手指末节缺损的再造

目的 报道应用部分足趾组织移植进行指-趾动脉吻合的拇指、手指末节缺损再造的临床效果. 方法 拇指、手指末节及指尖缺损126例141指,包括拇指79指,示指37指,中指19指,环指6指.其中15例为2指同时再造.拇指再造病例中,应用部分躅趾组织移植者34指,部分第二足趾组织移植者45指:手指再造应用部分第二足趾组织移植者45指,部分第三足趾组织移植14指,部分第四足趾组织移植3指. 结果 术后发生动脉危象16指、静脉危象9指,经手术和药物治疗全部成活.31例行二期整形.87例94指得到随访,随访时间为6个月～15年.患者对再造指外形感到满意,能作指腹捏夹动作,感觉恢复到S3+以上者94指,其中76指的两点辨别觉达到6-8mm.供区无手术并发症. 结论 应用部分足趾组织移植进行指-趾动脉吻合的拇指、手指末节及指尖再造手术,术后的拇指、手指功能与外形比较符合患者的期望.