针刺麻醉应用于电视胸腔镜肺手术的临床研究

目的：使病人在浅麻醉状态下完成电视胸腔镜肺手术。方法：手法针刺穴位加针刺增效药静脉复合麻醉在电视胸腔镜下（VATS）作肺手术33例为针药麻组，同时设全麻对照组33例，两组作术中用静脉复合液量的比较及麻醉前，进胸前，进胸后血压的比较。结果：针药麻组术中用杜冷丁复合液量与全麻组比较减少43．5％（P＜0．001）；针药麻组与全麻组在麻醉前血压无差异（P＞0．05），而在进胸前和进胸后有非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。结论：针药复合麻醉减少术中麻醉药量，针刺对机体有调整作用。     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术治疗肺癌的手术方式和适应证研究

目的探讨电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术在肺癌治疗过程中的价值。方法选择我院2010年1月至2012年8月行电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术的40例周围型肺癌患者为观察组,选择同期行常规开胸肺叶切除术的25例肺癌患者为对照组。比较两组患者手术情况、术后并发症发生率、疼痛评分等的差异。结果观察组患者平均手术时间、置管引流时间与对照组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05),而术中出血量、手术切口长度及术后住院时间明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症发生率及痛觉评分明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术对治疗肿瘤病灶较小的早期周围型原发性非小细胞肺癌患者,能较好地完成肺叶解剖学切除及肺门纵隔淋巴结清扫,临床治疗效果良好。     

改良侧卧位在胸腔镜手术中的应用

目的探讨改良侧卧位在胸腔镜手术中的应用和效果。方法对我院2009年8月～2010年8月期间953例胸腔镜的手术患者采用了改良侧卧体位的安置护理措施进行回顾分析。结果运用改良的侧卧位护理模式,无1例患者发生受压部位并发症,手术野暴露清楚,医生满意度为99%。结论改良侧卧位对胸腔镜手术患者安全、舒适、牢固,便于手术,值得临床推广和使用。     

全胸腔镜非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的动物实验研究

目的研究全胸腔镜非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的可行性。方法家猪8头,体重35⁴5kg,在双侧胸壁打孔,取双侧乳内动脉。将左侧乳内动脉旁路移植至前降支,右侧乳内动脉旁路移植至右冠状动脉。结果 8头实验猪全部成活,总共成功游离左侧乳内动脉8条,右侧乳内动脉8条。共行吻合口16个。左侧乳内动脉与前降支的吻合时间为2545kg,在双侧胸壁打孔,取双侧乳内动脉。将左侧乳内动脉旁路移植至前降支,右侧乳内动脉旁路移植至右冠状动脉。结果 8头实验猪全部成活,总共成功游离左侧乳内动脉8条,右侧乳内动脉8条。共行吻合口16个。左侧乳内动脉与前降支的吻合时间为25⁴2 min,平均(37±15)min。右侧乳内动脉与右冠状动脉的吻合时间为3642 min,平均(37±15)min。右侧乳内动脉与右冠状动脉的吻合时间为36⁵2 min,平均(44±9)min。术后除1例右侧乳内动脉与右冠状动脉吻合口狭窄外,其余吻合口通畅情况均良好。结论全胸腔镜非体外循环下行左右冠状动脉旁路移植术是可行的,家猪是良好的合适的动物训练模型。     

全凭静脉麻醉对胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间肺内分流和动脉血氧合的影响

目的观察全凭静脉麻醉对胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间肺内分流和动脉血氧合的影响。方法选择40例择期行胸腔镜手术的患者,随机分成两组（n=20）：全凭静脉麻醉组（A组）和静吸复合麻醉组（B组）。全麻诱导插管后,A组以异丙酚靶控输注,B组以七氟醚吸入,维持BIS在40～60,PetCO2在30～35mmHg范围内。观察并记录患者侧卧位双肺通气10min（TLV）、侧卧位单肺通气15min（OLV＋15）、30min（OLV＋30）,60min（OLV＋60）各时间点的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO：）和平均气道压（Paw）;在相应时间点抽取动脉血和右心房血进行血气分析,计算肺内分流率（Qs／Qt）;观察并记录患者发生低血压、心动过缓、低氧血症、苏醒延迟及苏醒期躁动等不良反应的发生情况。结果在OLV期间,两组患者的Qs／Qt明显增加,B组大于A组（34．2±5vs28．8±2;38．4±8VS32．1±6;37．1±2VS29．5±2）;两组患者的Pa02明显降低,但A组PaO2均大于B组（177±88vs125±63;150-4-65vs110±67;188±69vs128±52）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在OLV后15min、30min两时间点,A组患者的MAP低于B组（72±10VS88±14;74±12vs89±10）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组低血压、苏醒延迟的发生率高于B组（10例VS4例;9例vs2例）,B组苏醒期躁动的发生率高于A组（9例VS3例）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论与七氟醚静吸复合麻醉比较,异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉能有效减少胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间的肺内分流,改善动脉血氧合,有利于低氧血症的预防。     

Chronic sequels after thoracoscopic procedures for benign diseases

Objective: Chronic pains after lateral thoracotomy are present in up to 40% of cases. Chronic sequels after thoracoscopy are less common, but nevertheless, a cause for complaints by patients. Pain often reflects a recurrence of malign disease. For this reason, we only investigated patients with benign disease. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the incidence of chronic sequels in a consecutive series of 161 patients who underwent thoracoscopy for benign disease and were not converted to an open procedure. The data from all 144 patients, contactable at the time of investigation, who were at least 2 months postsurgery, were analyzed. Results: Chronic sequels were present in an overall of 31.4% of patients. Patients complained of chronic pain (20.1%), numbness distal to the incision sites (16.9%) and disaesthesia (8.3%). Painkillers are taken on a regular basis by 82.8% of patients with chronic pain. The use of Staplers, as well as the number of drains (1 vs. 2) used, were statistically significant (P>0.05) for chronic sequels. All other investigated factors, such as sex, age, and length of drainage, were not significantly different in the two groups. Conclusion: The thoracoscopic approach is not likely to impact on the prevalence of long-term postthoracotomy sequels, and therefore, further strengths are necessary to reduce this number.     

Pulmonary embolism and cerebral venous thrombosis after thoracoscopic surgery for benign pulmonary disease

A-76-year-old woman consulted for open biopsy for a pulmonary mass. Thoracoscopic wedge resection was performed. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as nonspecific inflammation. On the first postoperative day (POD1), the patient lost consciousness transiently. Eleven hours after the first stroke, the patient experienced a second stroke together with hypoxia. Pulmonary perfusion scan on POD2 showed multiple perfusion defects, and the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombolitic therapy was started. Neurological symptoms didn’t improve, and cerebral angiography on POD3 showed delayed perfusion in superficial veins. The patient was diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy had been continued, and the patient was found to have hemorrhagic cerebral infarction on POD11. After persistent therapy, the patient was discharged on POD120. Although both PE and CVT are rare complications after thoracic surgery, we must consider these complications in patients undergoing thoracic operations including thoracoscopic surgery.     

Thoracoscopic posterior tracheopexy for tracheomalacia: A minimally invasive technique

Background

Tracheomalacia is the most common congenital abnormality of the trachea. Posterior tracheopexy to alleviate posterior intrusion contributing to dynamic tracheal collapse has been reported using thoracotomy or median sternotomy. Here we describe the minimally invasive operative technique of thoracoscopic posterior tracheopexy with bronchoscopic guidance.

Thoracoscopic Thoracic Duct Ligation for Persistent Cervical Chyle Leak: Utility of Immediate Pathologic Confirmation

Objective:

Chylous fistulas can occur after neck surgery. Both nonoperative measures and direct fistula ligation may lead to fistula resolution. However, a refractory fistula requires upstream thoracic duct ligation. This can be accomplished minimally invasively. Success depends on lymphatic flow interruption where the duct enters the thorax. We report on the utility of frozen section confirmation in achieving this goal.

Methods:

Persistent chylous fistulas occurred in 2 patients after left cervical operations. In the first patient, attempted direct fistula ligation and sclerosant application failed. Fasting, parenteral nutrition, and somatostatin-analog provided no benefit. For the second patient, nonoperative treatment was also ineffective. Prior radiation therapy and multiple cervical operations militated against attempted direct fistula ligation. Both patients underwent thoracoscopic thoracic duct interruption.

Results:

In both cases, a duct candidate was identified between the aorta and azygos vein. Frozen section analysis of tissue resected between endoclips verified it as thoracic duct. Fistula resolution ensued promptly in both instances.

Conclusions:

This report lends further credence to the efficacy of minimally invasive thoracic duct ligation in treating postoperative cervical chylous fistulas. Frozen section confirmation of thoracic duct tissue is useful. It allows one facile with thoracoscopy, but less familiar with thoracic duct ligation, to confidently terminate the operation.