Thoracoscopic Assisted Pneumonectomy

A lung carcinoma with tumor involving more than one lobe or in close proximity to the mainstem bronchus often requires pneumonectomy for surgical cure. Inflammation, bulky tumors, and dense adhesions limit the operative field of vision and may result in the abandonment of procedures with potential for complete extirpation. This case illustrates the utility of thoracoscopy in visualization of the hilum and other neurovascular structures in a patient with a proximal tumor and dense intrathoracic adhesions. Successful resection was made possible by use of combined open and thoracoscopic modalities.     

胸腔镜与传统手术对食管癌的临床疗效与术后体液及细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨胸腔镜与传统手术对食管癌的临床疗效与术后体液及细胞免疫功能的影响效果.方法:收集2014年1月至2017年3月入院的80例食管癌患者随机分为两组,胸腔镜组患者给予胸腔镜手术,传统组患者则给予传统手术,比较两组患者围手术期指标、临床近期疗效、并发症、体液及细胞免疫功能与生活质量.结果:胸腔镜组患者切口长度、术中出血量与总体并发症率均显著性低于传统组,淋巴结清扫个数显著性高于传统组;术后7d IgA、IgG、IgM、CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+与NK水平组间比较均显著性高于传统组,CRP水平显著性低于传统组;术后12周躯体功能评分组间比较显著性高于传统组,恶心与呕吐、疼痛与呼吸困难评分显著性低于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:相比较传统手术,胸腔镜手术的临床效果更为显著,对免疫功能影响较小,具有借鉴意义.     

Transthoracoscopic needle biopsy for indeterminate lung nodules

Background: The usefulness of transthoracoscopic needle biopsy for preoperatively indeterminate intrapulmonary nodules was evaluated. Methods: Thoracoscopy was performed on 38 patients with pulmonary solitary nodules suspected to be primary lung carcinomas. When the nodule was localized by simple observation or tactile sensor, a biopsy specimen of the tumor was obtained by a biopsy needle introduced through a trocar. Results: The nodules were 7 to 55 mm in diameter. All were located in the peripheral region of the lung. Biopsy specimens were obtained even from 17 nodules with no associated pleural changes. By cytology, all the malignant tumors were precisely diagnosed, 29 as primary lung cancers and 3 as metastatic lung neoplasms. Five of the remaining six benign nodules were not precisely diagnosed. However, they were cytologically classified as class I. Conclusions: Transthoracoscopic needle biopsy is feasible for diagnosing small intrapulmonary nodules, particularly those of malignant neoplasms. As compared with thoracoscopic excisional biopsy, transthoracoscopic needle biopsy saves time and may reduce the possibility of tumor dissemination during the procedure. Received: 14 March 1997/Accepted: 31 May 1997     

Totally endoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy

Esophagectomy is associated with significant risks of perioperative morbidity and mortality, as well as prolonged convalescence due to effects of the incisions used for conventional surgical access. Because the outcome of this procedure is palliative in the majority of patients, it is possible that laparoscopic techniques could improve initial postoperative outcomes and therefore make surgery more acceptable for patients with esophageal cancer. A new technique is described for Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, which incorporates a hand-assisted laparoscopic approach for gastric mobilization and a thoracoscopic approach for esophageal dissection and anastomosis. Initial experience in two patients has been encouraging, with postoperative hospital stay and convalescence shortened. Received: 17 December 1997/Accepted: 18 March 1998     

全胸腔镜房间隔室间隔缺损修补手术学习曲线

目的 总结全胸腔镜下心脏手术的学习曲线.方法 回顾性收集2004年10月至2010年1月由同一术者连续完成的125例全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损修补手术病例资料,按手术先后顺序分为A、B、C、D、E5组,每组25例,从各组手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、中转开胸率及手术并发症等指标比较手术效果.结果 各组病例年龄、性别、体重、病种及手术方式差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间3项指标A、B组明显长于C、D、E组(P＜0.05),A、B两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),C、D、E3组之间差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各组中转开胸率及手术并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 全胸腔镜房间隔、室间隔缺损修补术的学习曲线约为50例.     

胸腹腔镜联合与常规三切口食管次全切除术治疗食管癌的比较研究

目的探讨胸腹腔镜联合食管次全切除术治疗食管癌的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年10月问在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院接受胸腹腔镜联合食管次全切除术的98例食管癌患者的临床资料。选择同期105例行常规三切口食管次全切除术的食管癌患者作为对照。结果与常规三切口组相比,胸腹腔镜联合组患者术中出血量减少[（85．1±32．8）ml比（215．5±60．6）ml],术后住院时间缩短[（12．7±3．5）d比（16．9±4．5）d],术后肺炎[4．1％（4／98）比12．4％（13／105）]、肺不张[3．1％（3／98）比10．5％（11／105）]、需要处理的胸腔积液[3．1％（3／98）比10．5％（11／105）]、急性呼吸窘迫[1．0％（1／98）比7．6％（8／105）]及心律失常[4．1％（4／98）比12.4％（13／105）]等心肺系统并发症发生率下降,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。两组手术时间和淋巴结清扫数目的差异无统计学意义,术后吻合口瘘、脓胸、乳糜胸、二次开腹、二次开胸、声带麻痹、肾功能衰竭、胃排空障碍发生率及病死率的差异亦无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论胸腹腔镜食管次全切除术治疗食管癌在技术上是安全可行的．在减少术中出血量、降低术后心肺系统并发症和缩短术后住院时间上具有优势。     

电视胸腔镜脓胸廓清术治疗结核性脓胸

目的探讨电视胸腔镜脓胸廓清术治疗结核性脓胸的疗效。方法 2004年1月～2011年6月对82例早期结核性脓胸(病史2周～2个月,处于渗出期和纤维机化早期)行电视胸腔镜脓胸廓清术,在胸腔镜下分离粘连,清理脓苔,刮除脏、壁层胸膜上干酪样物、坏死和肉芽组织,剥除增厚的纤维板,术中反复冲洗,术后充分引流、注药,同时全身抗结核治疗。结果 82例电视胸腔镜脓胸廓清术均顺利完成,术后5～7 d顺利拔管。术后1个月复查CT示脓腔消失,肺脏膨胀良好;术后1个月痰查结核菌无阴转阳者,术前阳性2例分别于术后1、3个月转阴。术后1个月用力肺活量、第1秒用力肺活量、肺总量与术前相比明显改善(P<0.05)。结论电视胸腔镜脓胸廓清术治疗纤维素期和纤维机化早期的结核性脓胸是安全、有效的方法。     

Hybrid手术室中胸腔镜下切除肺部微小病灶

目的探讨Hybrid手术室中施行胸腔镜手术对肺部周围型微小病灶进行快速精准切除的价值。方法 2011年3月～2012年2月,在我院新建的Hybrid手术室中,对16例19处肺部周围型微小病灶施行胸腔镜手术切除。患者术前当日在胸部CT引导下经皮穿刺,在病灶处放置血管栓塞用金属弹簧圈定位。病灶定位后将患者接入Hybrid手术室,手术在间断多角度下进行,根据电视屏幕上弹簧圈标记物与胸腔镜操作器械的相对位置和胸腔镜下胸腔内术野的实时影像,确定手术切除部位及范围,在距病灶约3 cm距离处应用强生60 mm直线型切割缝合器,对病变肺叶实施楔形切除,切除的病变组织送快速病理,根据病理报告进行下一步处理。结果所有目标病灶均顺利切除,手术时间15～42 min。良性病变9枚,楔形切除;肺癌10枚,其中1例为双上肺早期鳞癌,行双侧上肺叶楔形切除,其余9例行胸腔镜下肺叶切除及纵隔淋巴结清扫。无中转开胸,无严重术后并发症,无围术期死亡。14例随访1～12个月,平均6.4月,9例恶性病变未见转移和复发。结论术前胸部CT引导下经皮穿刺金属弹簧圈对肺部周围型微小病灶精确定位,通过在Hybrid手术室的实时透视下胸腔镜技术,可以对目标病灶施行精准切除。     

胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力的疗效观察及影响因素分析

目的对胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)的疗效进行总结,分析影响MG手术疗效的因素。方法回顾性研究我院2000年6月～2009年10月47例MG接受胸腔镜手术的临床资料,采用单因素分析和logistic回归模型对患者性别、年龄、病程、MGFA分型、胸腺病理类型等可能影响因素进行分析。结果 45例完成随访,随访16～111个月,平均51个月。根据MGFA提出的治疗后状况分类:完全稳定缓解占64.4%(29/45),药物缓解占17.8%(8/45),微小症状表现占8.9%(4/45),恶化占2.2%(1/45),复发占4.4%(2/45),死亡占2.2%(1/45)。年龄(β=0.059,P=0.027,OR=1.060,95%CI为1.007～1.117)和胸腺病理类型(β=1.558,P=0.025,OR=4.750,95%CI为1.214～18.584)是影响手术疗效的因素。结论 MG行电视胸腔镜下胸腺扩大切除术疗效满意,年龄和胸腺病理类型是手术疗效的影响因素。