胸腔穿刺抽液对肺换气功能影响的研究

本文对30例各种原因单侧、游离性、渗出性胸膜炎病人胸腔抽液前后不同时间血气及肺泡—动脉血氧分压差VA—aDO_2)进行自身对照研究。结果表明:抽液前PaO_2降低、A—aDO_2增大、PaCO_2及HCO_3~-降低、BE负值增大,与正常值比较有显著差异(P<0.001)。术后PaO_2逐渐升高,A—aDO_2相应减小,与术前比较有显著差异(P<0.001),但PaCO_2、HC0z_2~-及BE无明显改变。提示胸腔积液可以导致低氧血症及慢性呼吸性碱中毒,胸腔抽液能改善低氧血症,但不能有效纠正呼吸性碱中毒。     

双腔深静脉导管胸腔置入治疗胸腔积液的临床分析

目的探讨双腔深静脉导管胸腔置入治疗胸腔积液的临床应用的方法及效果。方法将中至大量的胸腔积液的患者56例,随机分为两组,分别为28例,治疗组为双腔深静脉导管胸腔置入组,对照组为传统的胸腔穿刺术组。结果 28例患者置管成功率达100%,其中保留过程中导管脱出1例,无1例患者出现血胸、气胸、胸膜炎严重并发症,患者整体耐受性良好,平均引流量、平均穿刺费用、平均住院天数,都优于对照组,临床效果显著。结论双腔深静脉导管胸腔置入操作简单,安全有效,优于常规穿刺抽液术,且安全性好。是治疗中等量以上胸腔积液的方法之一。     

Modified thoracentesis technique using a triple-lumen catheter

Therapeutic thoracentesis may be preferable over tube thoracostomy in select clinical scenarios in which a symptomatic pleural effusion develops after an isolated and limited physiologic insult. Notable risks in patients undergoing bedside thoracentesis include parenchymal lung injury, abdominal organ injury, and incomplete pleural drainage. These risks are driven in part by inexperienced house officers performing the technique, coupled with technical limitations imparted by hospital-provided thoracentesis kits. To address these concerns, we present a modification to the technique of bedside thoracentesis whereby a triple-lumen catheter is placed into the pleural space over a guidewire. This approach overcomes shortcomings of the packaged thoracentesis kits, improves patient comfort, minimizes the risk of lung injury, and provides more complete drainage of the pleural cavity in patients requiring therapeutic thoracentesis. This approach carries a small risk of air entry into the pleural space, which can be minimized with meticulous technique. Furthermore, by using a Seldinger approach, our technique can improve resident comfort with thoracentesis by drawing on a more robust skill set that likely already has developed during their training in central line placement.