影响LEEP治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变预后的因素分析

目的:探讨影响宫颈环状电切术(loop electrosurgical excision procedure,LEEP)治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)的预后因素。方法:2011年8月至2013年12月选择在我院进行诊治的宫颈上皮内瘤变患者170例,都给予LEEP治疗,观察术后疗效及其不良反应发生情况。结果:所有患者都完成LEEP术,有效率为94.7%;发生不良反应14例,发生率为8.2%,都经过对症处理后好转。Logistic回归模型进行分析结果显示年龄、CIN分级、宫颈糜烂状况是影响宫颈上皮内瘤变预后的主要独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:LEEP治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变具有很好的预后疗效,不良反应较少,影响其预后的因素主要为年龄、疾病分级与宫颈糜烂状况。     

CXCL10对βTC6细胞TLR4表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨CXC趋化因子配体10(CXCL10)对βTC6细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达及细胞凋亡的影响。方法体外培养βTC6细胞,0.1~10.0ng/mL CXCL10分别干预βTC6细胞12,24,48h后,应用Westernblot检测TLR4表达情况,流式细胞术和DNA Ladder检测细胞凋亡情况。结果与对照组比较,CXCL10干预12h,10.0ng/mL干预组开始出现TLR4蛋白的表达水平上调(0.840±0.049,P<0.05);干预24h,1.0和10.0ng/mL干预组TLR4的表达水平上调[分别为(0.851±0.052)和(0.893±0.030),P<0.05];干预48h,1.0和10.0ng/mL干预组TLR4的表达进一步上调[分别为(0.876±0.046)和(0.923±0.027),P<0.05],且各干预浓度两两比较,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CXCL10干预βTC6细胞24h,仅10.0ng/mL干预组细胞出现DNA梯状条带;干预时间延长至48h,1.0和10.0ng/mL干预组均出现DNA梯状条带。流式细胞术显示,CXCL10诱导细胞凋亡呈浓度依赖性。结论长时间高浓度的CXCL10作用将导致TLR4表达显著上调,并诱导β细胞凋亡。     

宫颈脱落细胞CA-IX的表达与高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染状态的相关性研究

目的探讨碳酸酐酶IX(carbonic anhydrase-IX,CA-IX)在宫颈脱落细胞中的表达情况及与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk-human papilloma virus,HR-HPV)感染的关系,分析CA-IX预测宫颈病变自然转归方向的价值。方法运用免疫细胞化学技术观察CA-IX在不同宫颈病变宫颈脱落细胞中的表达,采用HC-Ⅱ测定HR-HPV DNA,定期随访,比较CA-IX表达与HR-HPV感染状态的相关性。结果 CA-IX的表达与HPV的感染存在相关性(χ2=81.8,P=0.000)。低级别〔宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN-Ⅰ)〕和高级别(CIN-Ⅱ、CIN-Ⅲ及宫颈癌)宫颈病变,CA-IX的阳性表达率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.5,P=0.032)。不同HPV感染状态下(持续性感染、一过性感染、无HPV感染),CA-IX表达的阳性率分别为60.6%、38.4%、15.6%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=11.69,P=0.001)。结论 CA-IX的表达与HPV感染相关,在持续性HPV感染中,CA-IX的表达阳性率较一过性HPV感染、无HPV感染明显升高,提示CA-IX有可能是参与持续HPV感染致宫颈上皮内瘤变的分子标志之一。     

脑膜癌25例临床分析

目的 探讨脑膜癌的临床、影像学及脑脊液特点.方法 回顾性分析25例脑膜癌患者的临床、影像学及实验室检查资料.结果 25例患者中,男14例,女11例.头痛19例,恶心呕吐15例,复视7例,视力下降6例,听力下降5例,癫痫8例,智能减退6例,小便障碍6例.所有患者均行腰椎穿刺检查,脑脊液白细胞升高21例,蛋白升高17例,葡萄糖降低17例.25例患者均行MRI检查,脑膜强化征15例,脊膜强化征6例,脊髓内病变7例.结论 脑膜癌是恶性肿瘤颅内转移的特殊形式,脑脊液细胞学检查是诊断金标准,影像学显示脑膜结节样或混合型强化是明确诊断的重要依据.     

HPV L1壳蛋白在宫颈病变诊断及随访中的临床意义

目的：探讨宫颈脱落细胞HPV L1壳蛋白检测在宫颈病变诊断及随访中的临床意义。方法：选取2013年1月至2014年6月在温州市中心医院宫颈液基细胞学检查（TCT）诊断≥未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）,HPV病毒基因分型检测高危型HPV阳性276例患者,检测HPV L1壳蛋白在子宫颈病变中表达情况。结果：①HPV L1壳蛋白在低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、ASCUS、非典型鳞状上皮-不除外高度病变（ASC-H）/高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）/鳞状上皮浸润癌（SCC）中的表达率分别是70.09%、55.46%、10.00%,3者间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②HPV L1壳蛋白在组织病理学诊断慢性子宫颈炎（CC）、CINI、CINII-III和SCC中的阳性表达率分别是63.55%、75.32%、21.59%、0.00%,不同组间的HPV L1壳蛋白表达率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。③在高危型HPV基因阳性妇女中,HPV L1壳蛋白联合TCT及单独TCT对诊断组织病理学≥CINII的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是88.89%、46.73%;88.65%、96.20%;71.43%、86%和96.15%、78.32%。④对31例CINI妇女随访1年,结果发现CINI妇女中HPV L1壳蛋白阳性者和HPV L1壳蛋白阴性者相比,1年病变自然消退率高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;HPV L1壳蛋白预测CINI患者病变消退的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.67%、57.89%、57.89%、91.67%。结论：①HPV L1壳蛋白随着子宫颈病变程度增高表达率下降;②在高危型HPV基因阳性妇女中,宫颈脱落细胞HPV L1壳蛋白检测联合TCT比单独TCT预测组织学病理≥CINII有更高的敏感度（88.89% vs 46.73%）和阴性预测值（96.15% vs 78.32%）;③在CINI随访妇女中,HPV L1壳蛋白阳性妇女CINI自然消退率更高,有较高的预测CINI病变消退的敏感度和阴性预测值,值得临床推广。     

窦房结细胞自体移植治疗完全性房室传导阻滞

目的 探索窦房结细胞自体移植到右室前壁心肌内,治疗心脏术后完全性房室传导阻滞的可行性.方法 取健康杂种犬20只,随机分为移植组和对照组,每组10只.安置电子心脏起搏器后,获取移植组犬窦房结组织并制成细胞悬液,经荧光标记后注射到移植组自体右心室前壁心肌内.对照组窦房结行Van Gieson染色,并与心耳肌组织比较.对照组右心室相同部位注射等量培养液.两周后射频消融希氏束,建立完全性房室传导阻滞动物模型,并进行心脏电生理研究.对移植组犬经股静脉应用异丙肾上腺素,研究心律变化.结果 急性分离的成年犬窦房结细胞多为长梭形,细胞活性好.获取的窦房结组织行Van Gieson染色后可见其典型结构特征.建立完全性房室传导阻滞犬模型1 h后,移植组心率高于对照组(P＜0.05),且此室性自主心律起源于细胞移植部位.注射异丙肾上腺素后,移植心室律变化明显(P＜0.05).结论 成年犬窦房结细胞移植到自体右室前壁心肌内,能够提高完全性房室传导阻滞后的心室律,并对异丙肾上腺素具有良好的反应性.     

Early results of bladder-cancer screening in a high-risk population of heavy smokers

OBJECTIVE

To report first results of an early bladder‐cancer detection programme, and to evaluate the detection rate and the diagnostic value of the tests used.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Urine samples of 183 screened subjects with a history of smoking of ≥40 pack‐years were collected for analysis with a urinary dipstick test for haematuria, the nuclear matrix protein‐22 test (BladderChek®, Matritech, Inc., Newton, MA, USA), voided urine cytology and a molecular cytology test (UroVysion, Abbott Molecular Inc., Des Plaines, IL, USA). Participants with at least one positive test result had a further evaluation including cystoscopy and radiological imaging. The subjects’ risk factors, test results and histological findings were analysed.

RESULTS

In all, 75 subjects had at least one positive test result and were evaluated further; abnormal histological findings were detected in 18 (24% of those who had cystoscopy, 9.8% of the original 183), 15 of those in the urinary bladder, with pTaG1 (one), carcinoma in situ (two), dysplastic lesions (11) and one an inverted papilloma. In the upper urinary tract, two urothelial tumours (pTaG1 and pTxN2G3) and one renal cell carcinoma (pT1G2) were detected by computed tomography. In summary, six of 183 subjects (3.3%) had a histologically confirmed malignant tumour and another 12 (6.6%) were identified with a possible pre‐cancerous lesion of the urinary tract. The urinary dipstick, BladderChek, cytology and UroVysion detected (i.e. were true‐positive in) nine (50%), one (6%), seven (39%) and 11 (61%) of the 18 tumours found, while they failed to detect nine (50%), 17 (94%), 11 (61%) and seven (39%) of these lesions, respectively. Omitting the urine dipstick test, the BladderChek, cytology or UroVysion from the test setting could have spared 40, five, two or one subjects(s) from unnecessary invasive interventions; however, three, none, two or six lesions, would have been missed. More positive screening tests per subject was associated with a higher probability of a (pre)‐malignant lesion.

CONCLUSION

Screening a high‐risk group with a history of smoking of ≥40 pack‐years showed a significant proportion (3.3%) with malignancy. These first results are encouraging and warrant continuation of the screening programme. In this series the most efficient screening tool was the combination of UroVysion, cytology and urinary dipstick testing. Of special scientific interest will be the follow‐up of those patients with a possible pre‐cancerous lesion.     

Surveillance of patients with bladder carcinoma using fluorescent in-situ hybridization on bladder washings

OBJECTIVES

To compare the sensitivity and specificity of the UroVysion^TM (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Downers Grove, IL, USA) fluorescent in‐situ hybridization (FISH) assay to that of urinary cytology obtained from bladder irrigation during cystoscopic surveillance in patients with bladder carcinoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 41 consecutive patients screened at the authors’ institution between August 2000 and December 2006 for recurrence of pathologically confirmed bladder cancer. All 162 cytology examinations and 141 FISH assay results obtained from bladder washing were included. Recurrence was determined by cystoscopy, bladder biopsy and upper‐tract imaging. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values were assessed using a chi‐square distribution with one degree of freedom.

RESULTS

There were 24 men and 17 women (male to female ratio 0.59), the mean (range) age was 56 (33–73) years and the mean follow‐up 30 (2–57) months. At the initial diagnosis, 35 of the 41 patients (85%) had superficial tumours (stage ≤ T1), while six (15%) had muscle‐invasive tumours (stage ≥T2). Twenty‐six (63%) had low‐grade and 15 (37%) had high‐grade tumours. In 16 of 141 (11%) of the FISH assays and 16 of 162 (10%) of the cytological samples that were collected from bladder irrigations, there were too few cells for an adequate analysis. The FISH assay correctly correlated with subsequent cystoscopy, bladder biopsy or upper‐tract imaging in 110/125 (88%) cases but not in 15/125 (12%). Cytology correctly correlated with the subsequent evaluation in 112/146 (77%) cases but did not in 34/146 (23%). When the FISH was compared with cytology in this setting, the sensitivity was 77% (30/39) vs 74% (37/50; P > 0.1), the specificity was 93% (80/86) vs 78% (75/96; P < 0.01), the positive predictive value was 83% (30/36) vs 64% (37/58; P < 0.05), and the negative predictive value was 90% (80/89) vs 85% (75/88; P > 0.1), respectively.

CONCLUSION

The UroVysion FISH assay obtained from bladder washings during cystoscopic surveillance of patients with a history of bladder cancer provides a similar specificity but greater sensitivity than that of cytology for detecting bladder cancer recurrences. Given the better specificity and similar sensitivity of UroVysion compared with urine cytology obtained from bladder washings, a reasonable approach might be to use the UroVysion assay as the primary marker for recurrence, with urine cytology used as a complementary examination.     

尿Cox-2蛋白与CK20 mRNA诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的临床价值

目的：评价尿环氧化酶-2（Cox-2）蛋白、CK20 mRNA诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的临床价值。方法：选择78例膀胱移行细胞癌和30例非膀胱肿瘤患者,同时行尿Cox-2蛋白、CK20 mRNA和尿脱落细胞学检查,比较各种方法的敏感性、特异性和Youden指数。结果：尿Cox-2蛋白、CK20 mRNA和尿脱落细胞学的敏感性分别为89.7％．66.7％．26.9％;特异性分别为93.3％、86.7％和100％;Youden指数分别为83.1％、53.4％和26.9％。尿Cox-2蛋白和CK20 mRNA的敏感性和Youden指数均高于尿脱落细胞学（P＜0．05）,同时尿Cox-2蛋自的敏感性和Youden指数高于CK20 mRNA（P＜0．05）。结论：尿Cox-2蛋白和CK20 mRNA检测的高敏感性、高特异性为膀胱癌提供了一个简单无创的检测方法,非常适合于复发率很高的膀胱癌的诊断与随访。     

Axillary Lymph Node Echo-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Enables Breast Cancer Patients to Avoid a Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy. Preliminary Experience and a Review of the Literature

Purpose For many years, the status of the axillary lymph nodes has been determined by an axillary lymphadenectomy. However, a sentinel lymph node biopsy has been shown to effectively replace the need for an axillary lymphadenectomy in order to determine the axillary staging. This study presents the preliminary results regarding the efficacy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to identify metastatic axillary lymph nodes in the pre-operative phase. Methods One hundred lymph nodes from 100 patients with histologically and cytologically confirmed breast cancer (cT1–2 cN0) underwent echo-guided FNAC. The diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV]) for the axillary metastases was evaluated based on the histological findings of either a sentinel lymph node biopsy or an axillary lymphadenectomy as a reference standard. Results It was possible to avoid a sentinel lymph node biopsy in 30% of the cases; the sensitivity was 68%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, and NPV 65%. Echo-guided FNAC of the axillary lymph nodes should thus be included among the regular diagnostic procedures of presurgical staging. Conclusion This simple, inexpensive, and minimally invasive technique makes it possible to avoid the additional cost of a sentinel lymph node biopsy while also sparing the patient the stress of undergoing a second surgery.