Research on medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit

Introduction: Research on medication use aims at assessing how much of current pharmacotherapy is rational. In neonates, this is hampered by extensive off-label drug use and limited knowledge.

Areas covered: We report on medication use research and have conducted a systematic review of observational studies on medication use to provide an updated overview on characteristics, objectives, methods, and patterns in hospitalized neonates. Moreover, a review on aspects of medication use for opioids, anti-epileptics, gastric acid-related disorders and respiratory stimulants with emphasis on trends and impact of interventions is presented, illustrating how research on medication use can contribute to improved neonatal pharmacotherapy and more focused research. Medication use reports describe patterns and provide signals on irrational use, benchmarking, or can guide research priorities. Moreover, this may generate information on how neonatal health topics and their pharmacotherapy are handled over time or across regions.

Expert opinion: Research on medicine utilization is relevant, since it will inform us on aspects like trends, variability, or about the impact and pattern of implementation of guidelines in neonates. Further progress necessitates to merge datasets on medication use with clinical characteristics, and perinatal drug use remains an area in need of additional research.     

校友资源在高校大学生创新创业教育发展中的情况调查研究

为研究校友资源在高校大学生创新创业教育发展中情况,采用个案调查方法对校友资源在大学生创新创业教育发展中情况进行调查,调查内容涉及影响大学生创新创业意识、动机、教育培养、校友资源运用等多个方面,调查结果运用SPASS软件进行统计分析,最后从高校校友资源角度对高校大学生创新创业发展提出意见建议,以期为高校校友资源在高校创新创业教育发展中提供借鉴和参考。     

桃红四物汤联合银杏酮酯滴丸治疗老年出血性玻璃体混浊的临床疗效研究

目的:探究桃红四物汤联合银杏酮酯滴丸治疗老年出血性玻璃体混浊的临床疗效。方法:收集2016年12月-2018年12月我院收治的老年出血性玻璃体混浊患者67例,共67眼,根据随机对照表分为对照组和试验组,其中试验组34例,对照组33例,对照组予以银杏酮酯滴丸;试验组在对照组的基础上联用桃红四物汤。两组均服用30 d。治疗结束后对比分析两组患者临床疗效、出血吸收时间、血液流变学及视网膜中央动脉血流动力学。结果:治疗后两组患者高切全血粘度、低切全血粘度、纤维蛋白原、阻力指数(Resistance Index,RI)低于治疗前,收缩期峰值速度(Peak Systolic Velocity,PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(End Diastolic Velocity,EDV)高于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后试验组临床总有效率、PSV、EDV高于对照组,出血吸收时间、高切全血粘度、低切全血粘度、纤维蛋白原、RI低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:桃红四物汤联合银杏酮酯滴丸治疗老年出血性玻璃体混浊临床疗效显著,适宜临床应用推广。     

滋阴清热方治疗对甲状腺功能亢进症阴虚火旺证患者疗效、血浆内皮素-1、炎症因子和免疫功能的影响

目的:研究滋阴清热方治疗对甲状腺功能亢进症阴虚火旺证患者疗效、血浆内皮素-1、炎症因子和免疫功能的影响。方法:将广州市花都区妇幼保健院收治的100例甲状腺功能亢进症阴虚火旺证患者分成观察组和对照组。对照组:给患者使用常规药物治疗;观察组:在对照组的基础上,给予滋阴清热方治疗。干预后,比较两组患者的临床疗效、血浆内皮素-1(Endothelin,ET)、炎症因子[白介素-2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)]及肿瘤坏死因子(Tumour Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)和免疫功能(CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+及CD4^+/CD8^+)。结果:干预前,两组患者IL-2、IL-8及TNF-α无变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患者的IL-2比对照组高,且对照组的IL-8及TNF-α比观察组的高,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;干预前,两组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+及CD4^+/CD8^+与ET无变化;干预后,观察组的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8+及CD4^+/CD8^+比对照组高,P <0.05,差异有统计学意义,且观察组的ET低于对照组且观察组总有效率明显高于对照组。结论:滋阴清热方治疗降低了血浆内皮素-1,减少炎症的出现,提高免疫功能。     

Acceptance of multiple injectable vaccines in a single immunization visit in The Gambia pre and post introduction of inactivated polio vaccine

BackgroundAs the World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends that children be protected against 11 different pathogens, it is becoming increasingly necessary to administer multiple injectable vaccines during a single immunization visit. In this study we assess Gambian healthcare providers’ and infant caregivers’ attitudes and practices related to the administration of multiple injectable vaccines to a child at a single immunization visit before and after the 2015 introduction of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). IPV introduction increased the number of injectable vaccines recommended for the 4-month immunization visit from two to three in The Gambia.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey before and after the introduction of IPV at 4 months of age in a representative sample of all health facilities providing immunizations in The Gambia. Healthcare providers who administer vaccines at the selected health facilities and caregivers who brought infants for their 4 month immunization visit were surveyed.FindingsPrior to IPV introduction, 9.9% of healthcare providers and 35.7% of infant caregivers expressed concern about a child receiving more than 2 injections in a single visit. Nevertheless, 98.8% and 90.9% of infants received all required vaccinations for the visit before and after IPV introduction, respectively. The only reason why vaccines were not received was vaccine stock-outs. Infant caregivers generally agreed that vaccinators could be trusted to provide accurate information regarding the number of vaccines that a child needed.ConclusionHealthcare providers and infant caregivers in this resource limited setting accepted an increase in the number of injectable vaccines administered at a single visit even though some expressed concerns about the increase.     

利培酮和齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者血浆细胞因子的影响

目的:研究抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者细胞因子的影响。方法:符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断的60名患者,随机分为利培酮组(给予利培酮治疗)和齐拉西酮组(给于齐拉西酮治疗),并以健康对照组比较,对患者在治疗前及治疗8周后测量血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平,并对患者进行PANSS量表评定。结果:两组患者治疗前后血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前IL-2水平与PANSS量表阳性症状评分呈正相关(r=0.54,P0.05)治疗后TNF-α与阴性症状分呈显著正相关(r=0.41,P0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者存在免疫功能异常,利培酮和齐拉西酮可以降低精神分裂症患者细胞因子水平。细胞因子水平与精神病理存在一定相关性。