探讨不同方法对儿童地中海贫血筛查的应用价值

目的探讨初筛检查法和完整筛查法在地中海贫血筛查中的价值。方法选择480例云南新平地区16岁以下儿童,用完整筛查法和初筛检查法检测地中海贫血的发生率,并进行统计学分析。结果血液分析结果显示,红细胞平均容积（meancorpuscularvolume,MCV）、MCV与红细胞平均血红蛋白含量（meancorpuscularhemoglobin,MCH）平行联合检测阳性结果一致,均为258例（53．8％）。α-地中海贫血及β-地中海贫血MCV及MCV。MCH联合检测的概率相同且均为最高（6814％,85-2％）。α-地中海贫血在各年龄段的检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,β-地中海贫血在各年龄段的检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。α-地中海贫血、β-地中海贫血、地中海贫血的完整筛查法与初筛检查法检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）;初筛检查法α-地中海贫血漏检率高于β-地中海贫血,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。男童、女童的地中海贫血检出率在完整筛查法与初筛检查法中差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。初筛检查法中男女童地中海贫血漏检率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。父母双方傣族与父母一方傣族的α一地中海贫血、β一地中海贫血、地中海贫血患儿检出率差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。父母双方傣族与父母一方傣族的初筛检查法漏检率差异无统计学意义（办0．05）。结论地中海贫血在云南省新平县儿童中发病率较高。初筛检查法虽然有漏检,但可节省将近一半的人力物力,在大人群的调查中有较高的应用价值。     

G6PD升高与地中海贫血的关系

目的了解G6PD升高与地中海贫血的关系,探讨G6PD活性在地中海贫血（地贫）检测中的应用价值。方法用全自动生化仪器定量检测G6PD活性,分为正常组、G6PD升高组。用全自动血红蛋白电泳系统检测地中海贫血,用基因分型确诊地中海贫血。结果 G6PD活性升高组的血红蛋白电泳异常结果明显升高,经基因检测分析证实α地贫阳性率为90.4%,β地贫为72.6%。结论所有G6PD活性升高者,应高度怀疑地贫,对地中海贫血有辅助诊断价值。     

Lack of correlation between non-labile iron parameters,total carbonyl and malondialdehyde in major thalassemia

Thalassemia patients are at high risk of iron-induced toxicity and oxidative stress consequences. The present cross-sectional study is conducted to determine whether or not lipid peroxidation or protein oxidation is correlated with iron parameters in patients with thalassemia major. To prove this hypothesis, malondialdehyde and total carbonyl were correlated with the degree of excess iron concentration in the patients. A total of 118 Arabic Iraqi patients and 30 healthy children were participated in the present study. Results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum total carbonyls, malondialdehyde and the iron indices of patients as compared with the control group. Total iron binding capacity and transferrin concentrations decreased significantly (p<0.05) in patients with thalassemia compared with the control group. The results also showed a lack of a significant correlation between each serum malondialdehyde and total carbonyl with each component of iron status. In conclusion, total carbonyls and malondialdehyde were increased in thalassemia patients indicating the vulnerability of these patients to tissue injury caused by oxidative stress. The formation of total carbonyl and malondialdehyde are independent of excess non-labile iron concentration, indicating that different mechanisms are involved in injury caused by the labile iron and in the formation of oxidation end products.     

Role of Thromboelastogram in monitoring the activation of the coagulation pathway and assessing the associated risk factors for hypercoagulable state in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients

BackgroundThromboembolic events are rare but one of the fatal complications in thalassemia. Assessment of the hypercoagulable state is not done regularly, and we have assessed the utility of Thromboelastography (TEG) for monitoring the activation of the coagulation pathway in patients with thalassemia.MethodologyA prospective single-center cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care set-up. Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia patients registered with the pediatric unit were screened for hypercoagulability using TEG during six months of the study period and followed up for three years for the development of thromboembolic events. Patient demographics, history of splenectomy, Serum ferritin levels and annual red cell transfusion requirement (mL/kg/year) were assessed. TEG parameters used were R time, K time, alpha angle, Maximum amplitude, Clot index, and Lysis 30. The thrombin generation test (V Curve) obtained from the first-degree derivate of the TEG velocity curve was also used for analysis.ResultsA total of 34 patients were recruited during the six months study period with an average age of 10.6 years ( ± 5.47). The average pre-transfusion hemoglobin level and the volume of packed red cells received were 7.24 g/dL and 152.82 mL/kg/year respectively. The TEG tracing was suggestive of a hypercoagulable state in 58.82% of patients. The mean values of angle (70.74), MA (64.16), CI (2.65) and TG (774.43) in TDT patients compared to age matched reference range (62.81, 57.99, 0.8, 577.83 respectively) was suggestive of prothrombotic changes. Annual blood transfusion requirement was negatively correlated with hypercoagulable status (‐0.344, CI= -0.68 to 0.08). One out of 34 patients developed corona radiata infarct (with annual blood requirement; 112.7 mL/kg/Year). The risk to develop a hypercoagulable state appeared to be higher when the volume of RBCs transfused was less than 154 mL/kg/Year.ConclusionTDT patients are at risk of developing thromboembolism, and screening with TEG may be useful to identify those at high risk.