延髓损伤可能会引发局限型和广泛型急性胃粘膜出血

目的：通过动物实验，观察延髓损伤引起胃粘膜出血的表现形式和特点。方法：对１９只成年健康杂种狗，进行延髓一侧性损伤手术（１３只）和对照假损伤性手术（６只）；在损伤后，对胃粘膜表现进行胃镜的动态观察。结果：延髓损伤，可引起胃粘膜出血，而且发生率很高，达１００％；胃粘膜出血的严重程度及其预后有轻、重不同。结论：分析观察结果后认为：胃粘膜出血分可能有局限型和广泛型两个类型；延髓损伤的严重程度与胃粘膜出血的类型密切相关。     

急性上消化道出血112例临床疗效分析

采用国家中医药管理局颁布的《中医血证治疗常规》治疗急性上消化道出血112例，取得了较好疗效，总有效率达94．6％。进行了证和疗效，原发病和疗效，病情程度和疗关系的分析。说明中医血证治疗效常规在临床实践中是切实可行的。     

Prenatally detected cystic neuroblastoma

A case of adrenal cystic neuroblastoma (NB) detected by prenatal ultrasonography (US) is presented. The suprarenal mass initially showed pure cystic features on a variety of imaging studies such as US, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor markers were negative. The mass was suspected to be an adrenal hemorrhage rather than a NB. Three months later, although the diameter was unchanged, the thickness of the cyst wall seemed to have slightly increased. Surgical exploration revealed an adrenal cystic tumor and histology showed a NB in situ. Forty-five infants with prenatally detected NB were found in the English literature; about one-half of them were cystic NBs, and most had a favorable outcome. Accepted: 29 July 1996     

刺五加注射液治疗脑出血的临床评价

30例高血压脑出血患者在常规疗法基础上加用紫外线辐射血液疗法作为对照组,另30例在上述疗法基础上加用刺五加注射液静脉滴注为治疗组。结果治疗组显效率96.7％,总有效率100％,对照组显效率60.0％,总有效率83.3％,治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。表明刺五加注射液不仅用于缺血性脑梗塞的治疗,而且也可用于脑出血,对出血量在30ml以下的病例,疗效较好。     

The Effect of Tizanidine on Chronic Vasospasm in Rats

Summary ? Background. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has remained a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SAH. Excitatory neurotransmitters are gathered in the extracellular space during ischemia due to cerebral vasospasm and initiate or stimulate a series of pathophysiological biochemical processes which consequently lead to neuronal death. Tizanidine (Sandoz compound DS 103–282, 5-chloro-4,2 (2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiazol hydrochloride) is a centrally-acting muscle relaxant and a selective α 2 adrenoreceptor agonist which shows its effect by stimulating presynaptic α 2 adrenoreceptors in central ASPergic and GLUergic system by inhibiting aspartic acid and glutamic acid release. In this study, the effect of Tizanidine on vasospasm was evaluated.  Methods. We used a femoral artery vasospasm model in rats which has been described by Okada et al. 60 rats were examined in three groups. The first group was used as control group (Control) (n=20), in the second group subarachnoid hemorrhage was performed (SAH) (n=20), in the third group Tizanidine was administered in addition to SAH (SAH+Tizanidine administration) (n=20). Animals in SAH+Tizanidine administration group received 0,3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 7 days. Seven days after the experiment, after perfusion-fixation, 10 mm segments of both femoral arteries were removed and the femoral artery was prepared for light microscope examination, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and for morphometric analysis.  Results. There was a statistically significant difference between the electron, scanning and light microscopic observations and morphometric analysis of SAH+Tizanidine administration group and SAH group, and no statistically significant difference between SAH+Tizanidine administration group and control group.  Conclusion. This study has disclosed that Tizanidine administration before the vasospasm reduces ultrastructural and morphometric vasospastic insult significantly. However, the clinical application of Tizanidine as a protective and therapeutic agent in cerebral vasospasm needs further studies including the employment of clinically more relevant SAH models.     

Delayed Administration of the K+ Channel Activator Cromakalim Attenuates Cerebral Vasospasm after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Summary ? Background. Delayed cerebral vasospasm remains an unpredictable and inadequately treated complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recent evidence indicates that the potassium channel activator cromakalim is capable of limiting cerebral vasospasm in rabbits when administered immediately after experimental SAH (i.e. before spastic constriction has been initiated). However, the ultimate clinical value of cromakalim for treating vasospasm will depend in part on its effectiveness when administered after SAH-induced constriction has already been initiated. The present study examined the effects of cromakalim on vasospasm when treatment was initiated after SAH-induced constriction was underway.  Methods. New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to experimental SAH by injecting autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Cromakalim (0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intravenously at 8 hour intervals beginning 24 hours post-SAH. Animals were killed by perfusion fixation 48 hours after SAH. Basilar arteries were removed and sectioned, and cross-sectional area was measured.  Findings. The average cross sectional areas of basilar arteries were reduced by 64% and 68% in the SAH-only and SAH+vehicle groups, respectively. Treatment with cromakalim dose-dependently attenuated SAH-induced constriction. The groups treated with 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg cromakalim exhibited average decreases in cross-sectional area of 57%, 42%, and 19%, respectively.  Interpretation. These findings indicate that cromakalim dose-dependently attenuates cerebral vasospasm when administered 24 hours after experimental SAH in the rabbit. The results suggest K_ATP channel activators, such as cromakalim, could be of benefit for reversing cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.     

小骨窗开颅加尿激酶治疗高血压脑出血

目的　探讨微创小骨窗血肿清除加用尿激酶溶解血肿治疗高血压脑出血的效果。方法　将 32例入院的高血压脑出血病例在头颅CT片指导下行颞部直切口 ,小骨窗 2 0～ 3 0cm ,直视下吸除大部血肿 ,活动性出血予以电凝止血。血肿腔放置硅胶管 ,手术后 3d引流管注入 1万U尿激酶 ,再引流陈旧溶解的血肿液 ,并与大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术的效果相比较。结果　 32例中 ,18例完全恢复 ,半自理 8例 ,优良率 81 3% ,偏瘫 4例 ,无植物生存 ,死亡 2例 ,病死率 6 %。与前期大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术相比较有良好的效果。结论　小骨窗微创血肿清除加尿激酶血肿腔溶解血肿的结合 ,最佳化地发挥了各自的优势 ,同时避免了其缺点。     

黄芪注射液加纳洛酮治疗急性脑出血53例

目的初步探讨黄芪注射液加纳洛酮治疗急性脑出血的临床疗效。方法分别采用黄芪注射液治疗方案(A组:51例)、纳洛酮治疗方案(B组:49例)、黄芪注射液加纳洛酮治疗方案(C组:53例),对153例急性脑出血患者进行治疗,并于入院后第7、14、28天分别进行血肿体积、水肿容积测量和临床神经功能缺损程度评分。结果入院后第7天三组血肿体积、水肿容积、临床神经功能缺损程度评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);入院后第14天C组分别与A、B组比较,血肿体积、水肿容积均显著减小(P<0.05),但A与B比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),三组临床神经功能缺损程度评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);入院后第28天C组分别与A、B组比较,血肿体积、水肿容积、临床神经功能缺损程度评分均有显著减少(P<0.05)。结论黄芪注射液加纳洛酮治疗方案是一种治疗急性脑出血更有效、更安全的方法。     

新生儿视网膜出血的相关因素分析

[目的]对新生儿视网膜出血的相关因素进行临床分析,为临床干预提供理论依据.[方法]间接检眼镜检查276例新生儿,随访5年.[结果]新生儿视网膜出血的发生率在初产妇128.53%高于经产妇（5.56%）;阴道产（29.3%）高于剖腹产（6.26%）.视网膜出血累及黄斑者,视功能发育受到影响.[结论]新生儿视网膜出血主要与产妇的分娩方式有关,累及黄斑区的视网膜出血将有碍于患儿的视力发育.     

Severe pulmonary hemorrhage in a 3‐week‐old neonate with COVID‐19 infection: A case report

Our patient is a 3‐week‐old female neonate, presented with complaints of low‐grade fever and a congested nose for one day. Eventually, she developed progressive desaturation, hypotension, and poor perfusion due to severe pulmonary hemorrhage. Then, she developed cardiac arrest and was declared dead.