前后路联合切口治疗脊柱畸形

目的探讨脊柱前后联合切口对治疗脊柱畸形的手术矫正效果.方法回顾性临床分析14例脊柱畸形的患者,其中先天性脊柱畸形6例,重度特发性脊柱侧弯6例,前屈畸形2例,采用经胸腔,胸腹联合切口和经腹膜后入路,同时或分期手术,测定手术前后的Cobb角,术后随访3～18个月.结果对于先天性脊柱畸形的矫正效果,术前平均Cobb角54°、前屈角39°,术后平均Cobb角为18°,前屈角为27°,矫正率分别为67%、31%.对于重度特发性脊柱侧弯矫正效果,术前平均Cobb角96°,术后平均Cobb角35°,矫正率为64%.另两例为继发性脊柱畸形,强直性脊柱炎术前脊柱前屈角(T4～L4)为65°,术后30°,神经性纤维瘤胸椎侧弯伴前凸畸形,术前45°,术后6°.结论应用前后路联合切口治疗一些特殊类型的脊柱畸形,尽管手术风险高,手术难度大,但能取得满意的手术矫正效果,并且提高了植骨融合率,保证了手术的远期效果.     

先天性脊柱侧凸患者中的脊髓畸形和脊椎畸形

目的:探讨先天性脊柱侧凸患者的各类脊髓畸形与脊椎畸形之间的关系。方法:对我院2003年～2005年收治的211例已确诊的先天性脊柱侧凸患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计先天性脊柱侧凸患者脊髓畸形、脊椎畸形的发生率及其好发部位,观察两者间的关系。结果:211例先天性脊柱侧凸患者中脊髓畸形44例(20.85%),其中脊髓空洞症25例次(11.85%),脊髓纵裂30例次(14.22%),马尾终丝栓系28例次(13.27%),低位圆锥12例次(5.69%),其他类型少见,多种畸形常并发存在;脊髓畸形好发于脊柱胸段、胸腰段、腰段、腰骶段。44例伴有脊髓畸形的先天性脊柱侧凸病例中不良分节34例(77.27%),孤立性半椎体1例(2.27%),非孤立性半椎体21例(47.73%),脊柱裂30例(68.18%),混合型41例(93.18%);脊椎畸形好发于脊柱胸段、腰段、腰骶段。结论:先天性脊椎畸形常合并脊髓畸形,总体上脊髓畸形与脊椎畸形的好发部位相似,但各种脊髓畸形、脊椎畸形间缺少显著的、特定的对应关系。     

Transverse plane pelvic rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: primary or compensatory?

Several studies have suggested that the pelvis is involved in the etiology or pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional radiographic study is to identify any correlation between the transverse plane rotational position of the pelvis in stance and operative-size idiopathic or congenital scoliosis deformities, using Scheuermann’s kyphosis and isthmic spondylolisthesis patients for comparison. The hypothesis tested was that the direction of transverse pelvic rotation is the same as that for a thoracic scoliosis. As a group, AIS patients had a significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. When subdivided into the six Lenke curve patterns, this was true for the groups with a major thoracic curve: thoracic (1), double thoracic (2) and double curve patterns (3). It was not true for patterns with a major thoracolumbar/lumbar curve: single thoracolumbar/lumbar (5) and double thoracic-thoracolumbar/lumbar (6). Nor was it true for triple (4) curves. The Lenke 1 and 2 major thoracic curves without compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curves did not have the predicted pelvic rotation. All congenital scoliosis patients studied had main thoracic curves and significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. There was no transverse plane pelvic rotation in the Scheuermann’s kyphosis or isthmic spondylolisthesis patients. We interpret these findings as consistent with a compensatory rotation of the pelvis in the same direction as the main thoracic curve in most patients with a compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curve as well as in patients with main thoracic congenital scoliosis.     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的临床整复

目的:对68例单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形整复术的患者进行回顾性分析,探讨鼻畸形整复的最佳治疗方式。方法:以68例唇裂术后鼻畸形患者为研究对象,男性45例,女性23例,年龄7~36岁,平均21.4岁,左侧41例,右侧27例。采用内收鼻翼外角、消除鼻前庭皱褶,鼻翼悬吊、矫正鼻翼塌陷,延长鼻小柱。术后持续戴鼻模3~6月。结果:68例患者开放性鼻畸形整复术后,随访59例(80.23%)共3~36月,术后效果达到优34例,良22例,差3例。无一例创口感染,鼻畸形得到明显改善。结论:单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的整复治疗,通过对鼻翼软骨、鼻唇软组织等多方面的矫正修复,可明显改善鼻畸形。开放式的鼻畸形整复术是单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形治疗的有效方式。     

邻位粘膜瓣修复邻近唇红处粘膜缺损的疗效观察

目的:观察邻近唇红的唇粘膜侧良性病变切除后邻位瓣修复缺损的临床效果。方法:35例邻近唇红的唇粘膜侧良性病变,沿病变边界稍外侧切除,应用邻位粘膜瓣修复缺损,随访观察术后效果。结果:术后1周所有病例邻位粘膜瓣均一期愈合,唇红部外形无移位、畸形,随访3~12个月,病变未见复发,唇部外观无畸形。结论:唇粘膜邻位组织瓣修复邻近唇红的粘膜缺损,可获得满意美观效果。     

Does preoperative narcotic use adversely affect outcomes and complications after spinal deformity surgery? A comparison of nonnarcotic- with narcotic-using groups

Background contextThe role of preoperative (preop) narcotic use and its influence on outcomes after spinal deformity surgery are unknown. It is important to determine which patient factors and comorbidities can affect the success of spinal deformity surgery, a challenging surgery with high rates of complications at baseline.PurposeTo evaluate if preop narcotic use persists after spinal deformity surgery and whether the outcomes are adversely affected by preop narcotic use.Study design/settingRetrospective evaluation of prospectively collected data.Patient sampleTwo hundred fifty-three adult patients (230 females/23 males) undergoing primary spinal deformity surgery were enrolled from 2000 to 2009.Outcome measuresPreoperative and postoperative (postop) narcotic use and changes in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) pain, and SRS total scores.MethodsPreoperative, 2-year postop, and latest follow-up pain medication use were collected along with ODI, SRS pain, and SRS scores. Preoperative insurance status, surgical and hospitalization demographics, and complications were collected. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up (average 47.4 months).ResultsOne hundred sixty-eight nonnarcotic (NoNarc) patients were taking no pain meds or only nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories preoperatively. Eighty-five patients were taking mild/moderate/heavy narcotics before surgery. The average age was 48.2 years for the NoNarc group versus 53.6 years for the Narc group (p<.005). There were significantly more patients with degenerative than adult scoliosis in the Narc group (47 vs. 28, p<.001; mild 19 vs. 24, p<.02; moderate 6 vs. 14, p<.0003; heavy 3 vs. 10, p<.0002). Insurance status (private/Medicare/Medicaid) was similar between the groups (p=.39). At latest follow-up, 137/156 (88%) prior NoNarc patients were still not taking narcotics whereas 48/79 (61%) prior narcotic patients were now off narcotics (p<.001). Significant postop improvements were seen in Narc versus NoNarc groups with regard to ODI (26–15 vs. 44–30.3, p<.001), SRS pain (3.36–3.9 vs. 2.3–3.38, p<.001), and overall SRS outcome (3.36–4 vs. 2.78–3.68, p<.001) scores. A comparison of change in outcome scores between the two groups showed a higher improvement in SRS pain scores for the Narc versus NoNarc group (p<.001).ConclusionsIn adults with degenerative scoliosis taking narcotics a significant decrease in pain medication use was noted after surgery. All outcome scores significantly improved postop in both groups. However, the Narc group had significantly greater improvements in SRS pain scores versus the NoNarc group.     

An operative approach to address severe genu valgum deformity in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome

Background

The genu valgum deformity seen in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is one of the most severe angular deformities seen in any orthopaedic condition. It is likely a combination of a primary genetic-based dysplasia of the lateral portion of the tibial plateau combined with severe soft-tissue contractures that tether the tibia into valgus deformations. Progressive weight-bearing induces changes, accumulating with growth, acting on the initially distorted and valgus-angulated proximal tibia, worsening the deformity with skeletal maturation. The purpose of this study is to present a relatively large case series of a very rare condition that describes a surgical technique to correct the severe valgus deformity in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome by combining extensive soft-tissue release with bony realignment.

Methods

A retrospective review examined 23 limbs in 13 patients with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome that were surgically corrected by two different surgeons from 1982 to 2011. Seven additional patients were identified, but excluded due to insufficient chart or radiographic data. A successful correction was defined as 10° or less of genu valgum at the time of surgical correction. Although not an outcomes study, maintenance of 20° or less of genu valgum was considered desirable. Average age at surgery was 14.7 years (range 7–25 years). Clinical follow-up is still ongoing, but averages 5.0 years (range 2 months to 18 years). Charts and radiographs were reviewed for complications, radiographic alignment, and surgical technique. The surgical procedure was customized to each patient’s deformity, consisting of the following steps:

1. Complete proximal to distal surgical decompression of the peroneal nerve
2. Radical release and mobilization of the severe quadriceps contracture and iliotibial band contracture
3. Distal lateral hamstring lengthening/tenotomy and lateral collateral ligament release
4. Proximal and distal realignment of the subluxed/dislocated patella, medial and lateral retinacular release, vastus medialis advancement, patellar chondroplasty, medial patellofemoral ligament plication, and distal patellar realignment by Roux-Goldthwait technique or patellar tendon transfer with tibial tubercle relocation
5. Proximal tibial varus osteotomy with partial fibulectomy and anterior compartment release
6. Occasionally, distal femoral osteotomy

Results

In all cases, the combination of radical soft-tissue release, patellar realignment and bony osteotomy resulted in 10° or less of genu valgum at the time of surgical correction. Complications of surgery included three patients (five limbs) with knee stiffness that was successfully manipulated, one peroneal nerve palsy, one wound slough and hematoma requiring a skin graft, and one pseudoarthrosis requiring removal of hardware and repeat fixation. At last follow-up, radiographic correction of no more than 20° of genu valgum was maintained in all but four patients (four limbs). Two patients (three limbs) had or currently require revision surgery due to recurrence of the deformity.

Conclusion

The operative approach presented in this study has resulted in correction of the severe genu valgum deformity in Ellis-van Creveld syndrome to 10° or less of genu valgum at the time of surgery. Although not an outcomes study, a correction of no more than 20° genu valgum has been maintained in many of the cases included in the study. Further clinical follow-up is still warranted.

Level of evidence

IV.     

根据口鼻轮廓设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复手术

目的 探讨根据口鼻轮廓线设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复手术的方法及临床效果.方法 通过对鼻唇弯曲轮廓的细微研究,从解剖、力学分析入手,结合唇裂畸形的特点,逐步形成以口鼻弯曲轮廓线为手术切口的术式,参考水平线和正中垂直线及外形,对单侧唇裂患者进行Ⅱ期综合整体修复术.结果 该手术方法应用于临床效果医患双方满意.结论 根据口鼻轮廓线设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复术,能取得良好的畸形修复和外形美观效果.