Tears at the myotendinous junction of the infraspinatus: Ultrasound findings

PurposeTears involving the myotendinous junction (MTJ) of the infraspinatus (IS) have been recently described on MRI. These occur centrally in the muscle belly, and are not associated with full thickness tears of the distal infraspinatus tendon. They also induce a rapidly progressive fatty infiltration of the muscles and amyotrophy. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosing MTJ tears of the infraspinatus and to describe the usual ultrasonographic appearance compared with MRI.Materials and methodsRetrospective study of 2403 US examinations of the shoulder (over 5 years). Fifteen patients with a reported suspicion of infraspinatus MTJ tears were included. MRI examination was available in all cases, CT arthrography in 13 cases, and one patient underwent surgical confirmation.ResultsAll patients were sent for an ultrasound for suspect lesion of the tendons of the rotator cuff, with posterior pain in the infraspinatus fossa. All cases seen on ultrasonography were confirmed on MRI. CT arthrography confirmed the absence of tear of the IS tendon in all cases and did not reveal the MTJ tears. Two signs appeared to us as being of special interest: the “tadpole sign” on longitudinal views, and the “black eye sign” on sagittal views. The proximal retraction of the tendon at the MTJ is the anatomical explanation of both signs.ConclusionTears at the myotendinous junction of the infraspinatus are rare but can be diagnosed on US examination, provided that the sonographer pays attention to the infraspinatus fossa especially in cases of normality of the distal tendinous cuff.     

Peyronie's disease:a silent consequence of diabetes mellitus

Aim:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with Peyronie's disease(PD)and diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:During an 8-year period,a total of 307 men seen at our outpatient clinic were diagnosed with PD.Clinicalcharacteristics,penile deformities and the erectile status of patients with PD and DM together(n=102)were retro-spectively analyzed and compared to patients with PD alone with no risk factors for systemic vascular diseases(n=97).Results:The prevalence of PD among men with DM and sexual dysfunction was 10.7%.The mean ageof diabetic patients with PD was(55.9±8.9)years;in the no risk factor group it was(48.5±9.0)years(P<0.05).The median duration of DM was 5 years.The majority of diabetic patients with PD(56.0%)presented in the chronicphase(P<0.05),and they were more likely to have a severe penile deformity(>60°)than the no risk factor group(P<0.05).In the diabetic group,the most common presenting symptom was penile curvature(81.4 %),followedby a palpable nodule on the shaft of the penis(22.5%)and penile pain with erection(14.7 %).A total of 19.6 % ofpatients were not aware of their penile deformities in the diabetic group.Erectile function,provided by history and inresponse to intracavernosal injection and a stimulation test,was significantly diminished in patients with PD and DM(P<0.05).Conclusion:DM probably exaggerates the fibrotic process in PD.Diabetic patients with PD have ahigher risk of severe deformity and erectile dysfunction(ED).PD seems to be a silent consequence of DM andshould be actively sought in diabetic men.(Asian J Androl 2006 Jan;8:75-79)     

Morbidity Associated With High Gastrocnemius Recession: Retrospective Review of 126 Cases

To evaluate morbidity associated with surgical lengthening of the gastrocnemius, medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 126 patients (mean age, 49.7 years; range, 8-78 years) who had undergone open gastrocnemius recession. Ten patients had isolated recession; 116 had gastrocnemius recession with an additional foot or ankle procedure on the ipsilateral limb. During a mean follow-up period of 19 months (range, 6-50 months), all patients were examined for any postoperative complications associated with the recession. Complications were defined as the presence of postoperative infection, wound dehiscence, nerve problems, decreased muscle strength, scar problems, or calcaneus gait (overlengthening). Uncomplicated outcome was defined as absence of all these complications and return to regular activity, both occurring during a follow-up of at least 6 months. Postsurgical complications developed in 9 (6%) of the 126 patients: 6 (4%) had scar problems, 2 (1.33%) had wound dehiscence, 2 (1.33%) had infection, 3 (2%) had nerve problems, and 1 (0.67%) developed complex regional pain syndrome. No patient complained of either a limp or gait disturbance. Neither persistent decrease in muscle strength nor calcaneus gait was seen. These data suggest that the open gastrocnemius recession procedure has low associated morbidity.     

Secondary correction of the unilateral cleft nose deformity with an endonasal technique

Summary Malposition of the nasal bone, septum and the alar cartilage are striking features of the unilateral cleft nose deformity. An endonasal technique (the extramucosal) was used in 26 patients, aged 13–38 (median 19), to correct aesthetic and functional problems. Twenty-four patients were secondary and two were tertiary. The patients were followed from 1–9 years. The pathological anatomy of the septum varied considerably, so different types of septoplasties had to be done. In 20 patients, satisfactory aesthetic and functional results were obtained in one operation. Secondary corrections were indicated in six patients. In cases with no gross scarring in or around the alar cartilage, the form and position of this cartilage will be more normal once the alar cartilages have been undermined and the deviation of the nasal bone and the septum is corrected.     

Nasal fractures in children

Summary A group of thirty children with nasal fractures was evaluated retrospectively by means of a questionnaire and hospital records. Age at the time of injury ranged from age 3 to 12 (mean = 8.6) years and mean follow-up period was 9 years. Eight patients reported some degree of nasal obstruction post reduction, but only one patient required submucous resection and two patients underwent septorhinoplasty for appearance. No patients reported class III malocclusion, or required orthodontic treatment or maxillofacial corrective surgery for maxillary hypoplasia. We concluded that a childhood nasal fracture treated by closed reduction does not have deleterious effects on facial or nasal growth.This work was supported in part by the Brigham Surgical Group Foundation, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA     

The relationship between jaw deformity and scoliosis

Objectives To analyze the relationship between lateral displacement of the mandible and scoliosis. Methods From April 2002 through July 2003, we examined posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs and chest X-rays from 85 patients with jaw deformities and a control group of 20 patients with no jaw deformities. To measure the lateral shift of the mandible, we drew a horizontal baseline (X axis) on the cephalogram connecting the intersection of the external margins of the orbits and the most lateral points of the greater wings of the sphenoid. A vertical baseline (Y axis) was then marked perpendicular to the X axis, intersecting the ethmoid crista galli. Then, we measured the lateral displacement of the mandibular mentum from the Y axis. Displacement to the right was designated positive; that to the left was designated negative. Cobb's method was used to measure scoliosis curves on chest X-rays; the direction of the curve was designated similarly. Results Of the 85 patients with jaw deformity, 23 (27.1%) had a Cobb angle exceeding 10°. None of the control group had scoliosis exceeding 10°. No correlation was found between the direction of mandibular displacement and the direction of scoliosis. Conclusion This study suggests a relationship between jaw deformities and scoliosis, as scoliosis was found in 27.1% of the patients with a main complaint of jaw deformity.     

真皮-脂肪颗粒混合液注射移植修复面部凹陷性组织缺损

目的探索一种新的面部凹陷性组织缺损的修复方法。方法将真皮颗粒和脂肪颗粒混合制成真皮-脂肪颗粒混合液,用2mm脂肪抽吸针注射移植修复面部凹陷性组织缺损。结果本组18例,17例1次填充成功,仅1例因缺损面积过大而补充填充1次,全部病例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染,外形明显改善。结论真皮-脂肪颗粒混合移植修复面部凹陷性组织缺损,手术简单易行,术后吸收少,效果较好,值得推广。     

GIEBEL系统在胫骨高位截骨术中的应用

[目的]探讨GIEBEL内固定系统固定的胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内翻畸形的效果。[方法]对19例31膝,平均53.5岁的膝内翻患者进行评价。术前内翻畸形平均12.29°;膝关节症状以内侧间室疼痛为主。不伴有其他关节间室病变。对患膝进行精确的胫骨高位截骨术后应用GIEBEL系统内固定截骨端。手术前后拍摄双下肢负重位全长X线片,测量内翻角、机械轴线和解剖轴线。记录内外侧关节间隙距离的差值以及关节活动度。同时进行Lysholm评分。术后对患者进行主观满意度调查。[结果]对19例患者平均随访22个月。术后1例腓总神经一过性麻痹,2例切口脂肪液化延迟愈合。截骨处至术后12~16周均骨性愈合。测量矫正角度平均12.32°。3例患者残留膝前疼痛和关节绞锁症状。在随访期间膝内外侧间隙无明显退变加重。手术效果优良率为89.5%。84.2%患者对手术效果表示满意。除膝关节活动度外,Lysholm评分、内外关节间隙差以及内翻角度在手术前后差异均有统计学显著性差异。[结论]GIEBEL系统可有效地固定胫骨高位截骨术截骨端,对轻中度膝关节内翻畸形患者固定强度大,骨愈合率高。     

B超诊断先天性无睑裂囊性眼临床分析(附2例报告)

报告 2例先天性无险裂囊性眼的B超图像,例 1左眼球前后径 28.2 mm,横径 31.3 mm,未见角膜、前房、虹膜及晶体回声,整个眼球均为暗区;例2右眼球均为暗区,前后径16.6 mm,未见角膜、前房、虹膜及晶体回声,眼球前外方另见13.8 mm×9.1 mm 的暗区。并对其发病机理与B超图像的关系进行讨论。