朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症神经变性病研究进展北大核心CSCD

朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)是一种罕见的以CD1a+CD207+树突状细胞浸润为特征的髓源性肿瘤疾病, 由于受累器官的部位和多少的不同临床表现差异很大。神经变性病(ND)是LCH中枢神经系统受累的表现之一。LCH-ND发病机制不清, 临床上主要以神经功能学障碍和进行性发展的影像学改变为特征。目前LCH-ND主要的治疗包括静脉注射免疫球蛋白、化疗及靶向治疗等。早期治疗和积极干预可能是延迟LCH-ND进展、稳定中枢神经系统功能和提高生活质量的关键。现就LCH-ND的发病机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗及临床评估作简要综述。     

Terapia celowana i transplantacja komórek krwiotwórczych szansą na wyleczenie chorych z ostrą białaczką szpikową

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder with a diverse prognosis. About 70% of AML patients may achieve complete remission after conventional chemotherapy, but long-term outcome remains unsatisfactory. The development of molecular biology resulted in a better understanding of AML pathogenesis as well as it allowed us the introduction of targeted therapy. However, most AML patients still require the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) to be cured. The long-term results of alloHSCT for AML depend on a variety of factors including the age at transplant, the presence of well-defined risk factors and disease status at transplant. It seems that the combination of targeted therapy with conventional chemotherapy and subsequent alloHSCT may be a chance for curing a significant proportion of AML patients.     

Advances in radiotherapy and targeted therapies for rectal cancer

The last decade witnessed a significant progress in understanding the biology and immunology of colorectal cancer alongside with the technical innovations in radiotherapy.The stepwise implementation of intensitymodulated and image-guided radiation therapy by means of megavolt computed tomography and helical tomotherapy enabled us to anatomically sculpt dose delivery,reducing treatment related toxicity.In addition,the administration of a simultaneous integrated boost offers excellent local control rates.The novel challenge is the development of treatment strategies for medically inoperable patient and organ preserving approaches.However,distant control remains unsatisfactory and indicates an urgent need for biomarkers that predict the risk of tumor spread.The expected benefit of target?ed therapies that exploit the tumor genome alone is so far hindered by high cost techniques and pharmaceuticals,hence hardly justifying rather modest improvements in patient outcomes.On the other hand,the immune landscape of colorectal cancer is now better clarified with regard to the immunosuppressive network that promotes immune escape.Both N2 neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSC)emerge as useful clinical biomarkers of poor prognosis,while the growing list of anti-MDSC agents shows promising ability to boost antitumor T-cell immunity in preclinical settings.Therefore,integration of genetic and immune biomarkers is the next logical step towards effective targeted therapies in the context of personalized cancer treatment.     

平阳霉素量子点聚乳酸羟基乙酸纳米粒的制备

目的为研究靶向治疗口腔癌颈淋巴结转移灶,制备一种集靶向化疗、定位、实时监测为一体的纳米粒(Nanoparticles,NPs)。方法以平阳霉素(pingyangmycin,PYM)为模型药物,以量子点(quantum dots,QDs)为荧光探针,以聚乳酸羟基乙酸(polylactic-co-glycolic acid,PLGA)为载体,以粒径、荧光性能、载药量和包封率为质量控制指标,通过正交实验设计,用复乳法制备平阳霉素量子点聚乳酸羟基乙酸纳米粒(PYM-QD-PLGA-NPs)。结果经优化制备的PYM-QD-PLGA-NPs包封率为(78.1±2.1)%,载药率为(5.9±0.3)%,平均粒径245.4 nm,电位(-6.68±4.11)mV,具备与QDs相似的荧光性能。结论 PYM-QD-PLGA-NPs具备一定的PYM包载率和QDs荧光性能,符合淋巴靶向的粒径要求,理论上通过口腔癌周注射,可靶向、定位、监测并治疗颈淋巴结转移灶。     

A Randomized,Double-Blind,Dose-Finding,Multicenter, Phase 2 Study of Radium Chloride (Ra 223) in Patients with Bone Metastases and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Background

Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and bone metastases have an unmet clinical need for effective treatments that improve quality of life and survival with a favorable safety profile.

Objective

To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different doses of radium chloride (Ra 223) in patients with CRPC and bone metastases.

Design, setting, and participants

In this phase 2 double-blind multicenter study, 122 patients were randomized to receive three injections of Ra 223 at 6-wk intervals, at doses of 25 kBq/kg (n = 41), 50 kBq/kg (n = 39), or 80 kBq/kg (n = 42). The study compared the proportion of patients in each dose group who had a confirmed decrease of ≥50% in baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Efficacy was evaluated using blood samples to measure PSA and other tumor markers, recorded skeletal-related events, and pain assessments. Safety was evaluated using adverse events (AEs), physical examination, and clinical laboratory tests. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test assessed trends between groups.

Results and limitations

The study met its primary end point with a statistically significant dose–response relationship in confirmed ≥50% PSA declines for no patients (0%) in the 25-kBq/kg dose group, two patients (6%) in the 50-kBq/kg dose group, and five patients (13%) in the 80-kBq/kg dose group (p = 0.0297). A ≥50% decrease in bone alkaline phosphatase levels was identified in six patients (16%), 24 patients (67%), and 25 patients (66%) in the 25-, 50-, and 80-kBq/kg dose groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). The most common treatment-related AEs (≥10%) occurring up to week 24 across all dose groups were diarrhea (21%), nausea (16%), and anemia (14%). No difference in incidence of hematologic events was seen among dose groups. Potential limitations include small patient numbers and differences among dose groups at baseline.

Conclusions

Ra 223 had a dose-dependent effect on serum markers of CRPC activity, suggesting that control of bone disease with Ra 223 may affect cancer-related outcomes. Ra 223 was well tolerated at all doses.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00337155.