气管切开患者术后感染目标性监测与分析

目的调查气管切开术后患者医院感染的发生及危险因素,为采取应对措施提供科学依据。方法 2010-2012年对全院行气管切开术56例患者进行医院感染的目标性监测,统计分析医院感染特殊菌群分布及危险因素,数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行分析。结果 56例气管切开术后患者发生医院感染13例、18例次,感染率23.21%、例次感染率32.14%;病原菌检出排前3位依次为铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、真菌,分别占23.08%、14.70%、6.41%;气管切开>18d,4个月内留置气管套管、无菌技术操作、内套管处置、伤口敷料保持干燥及手卫生依从性是气管切开术后感染发生的危险因素。结论对气管切开术后患者实行目标性监测,有针对性的采取多种措施干预,可有效地降低气管切开术后感染的发生。     

靶向联合化疗与常规化疗治疗表皮生长因子受体基因突变肺腺癌患者的临床效果

目的 探讨靶向联合化疗治疗表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变晚期肺腺癌患者的临床疗效及靶向联合化疗对EGFR基因不同突变位点患者的疗效差别。方法 选择安徽省胸科医院2016年1~12月收治确诊的64例EGFR基因检测阳性的Ⅲb/IV期肺腺癌患者,使用随机数字表方法分为靶向联合化疗组（33例）与常规化疗组（31例）,同时对靶向联合化疗组患者按照其基因突变位点不同分为3个亚组（19外显子突变组、21外显子突变组、20外显子突变组）。靶向联合化疗组患者采用EGFR受体酪氨酸抑制剂靶向治疗联合培美曲塞+卡铂/顺铂治疗,常规化疗组患者采用培美曲塞+卡铂/顺铂治疗。比较两治疗组患者的近期及远期疗效,并对靶向联合化疗组不同位点远期疗效进行数据分析。结果 靶向联合化疗组的中位无进展生存期高于常规化疗组,两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组患者总体疗效和不良反应总发生率相似,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。靶向联合化疗组中,不同外显子突变的肺腺癌患者之间靶向联合化疗的生存期相似,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 EGFR基因突变晚期肺腺癌患者接受靶向联合化疗能延长无进展生存时间,且不良反应未见增加。不同位点基因突变患者接受靶向联合化疗的临床效果无明显差别。     

Hydroxyapatite nanorods loaded with parathyroid hormone (PTH) synergistically enhance the net formative effect of PTH anabolic therapy

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been a major contributor to the anabolic therapy for osteoporosis, but its delivery to bone without losing activity and avoiding adverse local effects remain a challenge. Being the natural component of bone, use of hydroxyapatite for this purpose brings a major breakthrough in synergistic anabolism. This study focuses on synthesis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo efficacy of PTH (1-34) adsorbed hydroxyapatite nanocarrier for synergistic enhancement in the anabolic activity of PTH for bone regeneration. The negative zeta potential of this nanocarrier facilitated its affinity to the Ca²⁺ rich bone tissue and solubilization at low pH enhanced specific delivery of PTH to the resorption pits in osteoporotic bone. In this process, PTH retained its anabolic effect and at the same time an increase in bone mineral content indicated enhancement of the net formative effect of the PTH anabolic therapy.     

Breast cancer: Current and future endocrine therapies

Endocrine therapy forms a central modality in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. The routine use of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen has improved survival rates for early breast cancer, and more recently has evolved in the postmenopausal setting to include aromatase inhibitors. The optimal duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy remains an active area of clinical study with recent data supporting 10 years rather than 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. However, endocrine therapy is limited by the development of resistance, this can occur by a number of possible mechanisms and numerous studies have been performed which combine endocrine therapy with agents that modulate these mechanisms with the aim of preventing or delaying the emergence of resistance. Recent trial data regarding the combination of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, everolimus with endocrine therapy have resulted in a redefinition of the clinical treatment pathway in the metastatic setting. This review details the current endocrine therapy utilized in both early and advanced disease, as well as exploring potential new targets which modulate pathways of resistance, as well as agents which aim to modulate adrenal derived steroidogenic hormones.     

磁力靶向传递SPIO标记的BMSC修复关节软骨缺损的研究进展

关节软骨缺损修复一直是国内外研究的热点与难点。骨髓间充质干细胞移植技术具有良好的应用前景,但干细胞靶向问题亟待解决。该文阐述干细胞靶向传递的新策略--磁力靶向传递技术,重点介绍该技术应用于修复关节软骨缺损的背景、优势及存在的技术难点,并对该技术的应用前景进行展望。     

同步间歇指令通气联合压力调节加目标容量控制通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征效果观察

目的观察同步间歇指令通气（SIMV）联合压力调节（PSV）加目标容量控制通气（TTV）治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）的效果。方法将唐山市妇幼保健院2011年4月—2014年4月收治的53例NRDS患儿分为SIMV＋PSV＋TTV组（n=27例）和辅助/控制通气组（A/C组,n=26）,记录两组治疗不同时间点的氧合状况、并发症发生及转归情况。结果 SIMV＋PSV＋TTV组在机械通气6 h时动脉血氧分压/吸入氧体积分数（P/F）和肺泡-动脉血氧分压比（a/APO2）即明显优于0 h（P〈0.05）,氧合改善较A/C组迅速,两组在治疗6 h后P/F和a/APO2均有显著改善趋势（P〈0.05）;SIMV＋PSV＋TTV组P/F和a/APO2在治疗6、24、72 h时均优于A/C组（P〈0.05）。SIMV＋PSV＋TTV组气漏综合征和呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率均低于A/C组（P〈0.05）;两组病死率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 SIMV＋PSV＋TTV模式比A/C模式能更迅速地改善NRDS患儿的氧合状况,减少氧暴露,降低高容量通气导致的并发症,是治疗NRDS的有效方法。     

The role of tumor-associated macrophages in the development,metastasis and treatment of breast cancer

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in promoting cancer in the breast cancer microenvironment. A large number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that TAMs regulate related signaling pathways by releasing a variety of chemokines, affecting breast cancer growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. In recent years, TAMs have attracted much attention as potential biomarkers for breast cancer. This article reviews the preclinical evidence of the relationship between TAMs and the breast cancer microenvironment, the role of TAMs in prognosis, and the clinical outcomes related to targeted therapy.     

靶向Tim-3药物研发进展

肿瘤微环境可诱导一些免疫检查点分子的高表达,以利于肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的识别和攻击.目前基于程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4,CTLA-4)以及T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3,Tim-3)等免疫检查点分子的靶向抗体药物研发已经取得了极大的进展,其中多种靶向PD-1和CTLA-4的抗体药物已被美国食品药品监督管理局(Food andDrug Administration,FDA)批准上市,虽然有部分患者经以上药物治疗后出现完全缓解或生存期延长,但尚存在较多患者出现耐药或没有缓解病情的状况.最新的研究发现,靶向PD-1治疗的耐药患者Tim-3表达上调,Tim-3也被认为是潜在的新一代肿瘤治疗靶点,Tim-3与PD-1的靶向联合治疗有可能成为研究的热点.现就国内外靶向Tim-3药物的研究现状做一综述.     

重症哮喘靶向治疗的研究进展

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病,具有明显的异质性和复杂的病理生理表现.我国成人的哮喘患病率为1.24%,其中重症哮喘占5.99%.重症哮喘表现为控制水平差,是哮喘致残、致死的主要原因,临床治疗棘手.近年来,针对辅助T细胞(helper T cell,Th)2和Th17表型的生物靶向治疗药物成为哮喘新药开发的热点之一.生物靶向治疗药物为重症哮喘患者带来了新的希望.现就重症哮喘靶向治疗的研究现状进行综述,以期为临床医师治疗重症哮喘提供参考.