肠系膜淋巴管结扎对MODS大鼠体液免疫功能的影响

目的观察结扎肠系膜淋巴管对二次打击致大鼠多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)体液免疫功能的影响,探讨淋巴途径在MODS发病学中的意义。方法雄性Wistar大鼠均分为结扎组、未结扎组、假手术组三组。前两组以失血-LPS二次打击方法,复制大鼠MODS模型。所有动物实验前后的血清均以免疫比浊法检测IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4含量,同时以放射免疫法检测血清TNFα作为反映炎症的指标。结果成功复制了MODS大鼠模型。二次打击后,未结扎组大鼠血清IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4及TNFα均显著高于结扎组、假手术组及实验前(P<0.01～0.05),而结扎组与假手术组无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论失血-LPS二次打击可使大鼠免疫球蛋白及补体增多,反映炎症反应剧烈及抗炎反应增强,而肠系膜淋巴管结扎可缓解炎症与抗炎反应,提高存活率,对机体有较好的保护作用。     

Recurrent high level parvovirus B19/genotype 2 viremia in a renal transplant recipient analyzed by real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of genotypes 1 to 3

Organ transplant recipients infected with parvovirus B19 frequently develop persistent viremia associated with chronic anemia and pure red cell aplasia. In this study, a male renal transplant recipient who had been infected with parvovirus B19/genotype 2 after renal transplantation at the age of 34 years is described. The patient was repeatedly treated with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) that resulted in the resolvement of symptoms but not in virus eradication. During an observation period of 33 months after transplantation three phases associated with high parvovirus B19 viremia were observed. Both the first and the second viremic phases were combined with severe anemia. Parvovirus B19 specific IgM-antibodies were initially detected at the beginning of the second phase in continually rising concentrations. Initially eradication of the virus by immunoglobulin therapy was reported after the first viremic phase [Liefeldt et al. (2002): Nephrol Dial Transplant 17:1840-1842]. Retrospectively this statement has to be corrected. It was based on the use of a qualitative PCR assay specific for parvovirus B19 genotype 1 associated with reduced sensitivity for detection of genotype 2. After sequence analysis of the viral DNA and adjustment of a real-time PCR assay (TaqMan) for quantitative detection of all three B19 virus genotypes analysis of consecutive serum samples allowed the demonstration of long lasting phases with reduced viral loads following IVIG-treatment. These results demonstrate that IVIG treatment of parvovirus B19-triggered anemia in transplant recipients offers an opportunity to resolve symptoms, but does not guarantee eradication of the virus. Since reactivation of parvovirus B19 infection can result in high virus load associated with the recurrence of symptoms repeated screening for viral DNA is recommended using the TaqMan system established for quantitative detection of all three genotypes of parvovirus B19.     

Isolation of rhinoviruses and coronaviruses from 38 colds in adults

Nasal washings were collected from 27 normal adults during 38 naturally acquired colds. The washings were exhaustively tested using tissue cultures, organ cultures and electron microscopy. Washings yielding no identifiable agent were inoculated into human volunteers, and further specimens obtained from the latter were examined by the same techniques in vitro. Viruses were identified in association with 25 of the original 38 colds (65.7%). Fifteen were rhinoviruses (39.5%), seven coronaviruses (18.4%), two were para-influenza viruses, and one was influenza virus. Use of organ cultures and of volunteers significantly increased the isolation rate. No agent was cultivated from the remaining 13 specimens, although tests in volunteers showed that cold-producing agents were present in five of them (13%). Three specimens gave doubtful results in volunteers, and five others, all collected within a period of six weeks in December and January, apparently contained no infectious agent.     

The hydrolethalus syndrome: delineation of a "new", lethal malformation syndrome based on 28 patients

We describe a lethal malformation syndrome in 28 newborn infants from 18 families. The main manifestations were hydrocephalus (often with an unusual structure of the brain and the occipital bone), very small mandible, Polydactyly, congenital heart defect, abnormalities of the respiratory organs, and (different from the Meckel syndrome) normal kidneys. Polyhydramnios and stillbirth or neonatal death were the rule. Autosomal recessive inheritance is evident. This syndrome is another in the group of rare recessive disorders which are found in Finland. Because of the 25 % recurrence risk and possibilities for prenatal diagnosis, this syndrome should be recognized by paediatricians and, because of the frequent stillbirths, also by obstetricians and pathologists. The name hydrolethalus syndrome (hydramnios, hydrocephalus, lethality) may be of help in this.     

肠淋巴途径在二次打击致大鼠MODS的发病学作用

目的：探讨淋巴途径在二次打击致大鼠MODS的发病学作用。 方法： 结扎肠系膜淋巴管致肠淋巴液断流，以二次打击方法复制MODS模型。Wistar大鼠45只均分为结扎组、未结扎组、假手术组3组，术前及创伤后24 h取血，制备肾、肝、肺、心、肠组织10%匀浆，检测TNFα、NO、MDA、SOD等指标。 结果： 成功复制了MODS大鼠模型。二次打击后，未结扎组大鼠血清TNFα、NO2-/NO3-、NOS、iNOS、MDA均显著高于实验前及假手术组，SOD显著下降（P<0.01，P<0.05）；结扎组大鼠血清NO2-/NO3-、NOS、MDA高于假手术组（P<0.01），TNFα、NO2-/NO3-、iNOS、MDA显著低于未结扎组，SOD显著高于未结扎组（P<0.01）。未结扎组肠匀浆TNFα、NO2-/NO3-、NOS、iNOS、MDA，肾匀浆NO2-/NO3-、NOS、MDA，肝匀浆NO2-/NO3-、MDA及肺、心匀浆NO2-/NO3-均显著高于假手术组，肠匀浆SOD显著低于假手术组（P<0.01，P<0.05）；结扎组肾匀浆NO2-/NO3-、MDA及肝匀浆MDA显著高于假手术组（P<0.01，P<0.05）。结扎组肠、肾、肝匀浆NO2-/NO3-显著低于未结扎组，肠、心匀浆SOD显著高于未结扎组（P<0.01）。 结论： 肠系膜淋巴管结扎阻断了二次打击所致内毒素经淋巴流的移位，抑制TNFα释放，使iNOS生成减少，NO形成降低，减少自由基释放与SOD消耗，MODS的淋巴机制值得重视。     

Selective accumulation of monoclonal antibodies against neurospecific enolase in brain tissue of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion

Preparations of I¹²⁵-labeled monoclonal antibodies against neurospecific enolase and mouse plasma IgG1 were injected intravenously to rats immediately after unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Radioactivity of I¹²⁵-labeled monoclonal antibodies against neurospecific enolase in the brain tissue progressively increased, reached a maximum by the 48th hour, and remained practically unchanged after 72 h. At the same time radioactivity of labeled IgG1 in the brain tissue and radioactivity of both preparations in the blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, and lungs decreased over 72 h. Selective accumulation of I¹²⁵-labeled monoclonal antibodies against neurospecific enolase was less significant in the brain tissue of the contralateral hemisphere and cerebellum not exposed to ischemia.Translated from Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 10, pp. 388–392, October, 2004     

细胞外基质受体α-Dystroglycan影响胸腺细胞分化发育的可能机制

目的研究细胞外基质受体alpha-Dystroglycan(α-DG)对胸腺细胞分化的影响及机制。方法摘取15日胚龄鼠胸腺小叶进行体外器官培养。将α-DG抗体、对照抗体或培养液滴加在胸腺小叶上。FACS(Fluorescence-activated cell sorting)分析胸腺细胞表面分子CD4、CD8、CD95和CD69等的表达。结果α-DG中和抗体能明显抑制胸腺细胞分化，显示胸腺双阴性细胞比例从对照组的26．5％增高到实验组的71．6％，双阳性细胞和CD8单阳性细胞比例则显著下降，分别从39．8％和20．7％下降到7．5％和6．8％，CD4单阳性细胞比例则无明显变化；同时胸腺细胞数目明显减少；CD95、CD69的表达水平随α-DG中和抗体的持续存在呈现显著升高。结论α-DG通过参与胸腺细胞的活化和凋亡活动影响胸腺细胞的发育。     

人工器官的快速成形制造

综述了一种快速成形技术在医学物理模型、可植入假体和组织工程人工器官制造中的应用，并比较了各种快速成形技术在人工器官制造中的优缺点，探讨了人工器官快速成形制造的发展方向。     

Assessment of CMV load in solid organ transplant recipients by pp65 antigenemia and real-time quantitative DNA PCR assay: correlation with pp67 RNA detection

After bone marrow (BM) or solid-organ (SO) transplantation viremic Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is observed frequently. Quantitative assay of CMV in blood helps the management of this clinical condition. In the present report, 83 samples from 39 solid organ recipients, three CMV assays were compared simultaneously for the first time: the Nuclisens CMV pp67 assay (nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, NASBA), an "in-house" quantitative real-time PCR assay (TaqMan) for CMV DNA, and pp65 antigenemia. The relation between CMV DNA and pp65 antigenemia, the quantitative assays, was evaluated on a larger group including 251 blood samples from 118 solid organ recipients. Real-time PCR provided the best results; > or =130 CMV DNA copies/2 x 10(5) peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) predicted > or =1 pp65 antigen positive (Ag+) cell/2 x 10(5) PBLs. By taking pp65 antigenemia as the "gold standard," the sensitivity of CMV DNA quantitation and of the pp67 RNA assay were 0.95 and 0.20, respectively, while the corresponding specificity values were 0.50 and 0.93. When real-time PCR was considered as the "gold standard," the sensitivity and specificity of the pp65 antigenemia were 0.65 and 0.91, respectively. Among the three tests examined, the sensitivity of the pp67 RNA assay was the lowest. On the other hand, the pp67 RNA assay was highly specific and effective in pinpointing high viremia patients. The present report, by providing predictive values for all three diagnostic profiles, DNA load, antigenemia, and pp67RNA, is a contribution for validation of real-time PCR as a new standard for quantitative assessment of CMV viremia in clinical settings.     

Sensitivity of mouse,rat, and human embryonic lungs to the action of nitrosomethylurea in organ culture

In response to the direct action of nitrosomethylurea (NMU) in a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml on organ cultures of embryonic lungs of strain A mice, Wistar rats, and man, a varied degree of degenerative changes and hyperplastic proliferation of the epithelium developed in the cultures. In the early stages of the experiment the toxic effect of the cultures predominated. Tissue of rat embryonic lungs was most sensitive to the toxic action of NMU, mouse lung tissue least sensitive. The frequency of hyperplastic proliferation, on the other hand, was highest in cultures of mouse lungs and lowest in cultures of rat lungs. During culture the sensitivity of the human and rodent embryonic lungs to the toxic action of NMU decreased when the substance was repeatedly added to the nutrient medium. Meanwhile an increase in the survival of the experimental cultures was observed compared with the intact control.Department of Carcinogenic Agents, Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR L. M. Shabad.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 349–352, September, 1977.