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121.
John F. Scrymgeour-Wedderburn Carolyn A. Reith Keith T. Sillar 《The European journal of neuroscience》1997,9(7):1473-1482
The development of intrinsic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated voltage oscillations and their dependence on co-activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptors was explored in motor neurons of late embryonic and early larval Xenopus laevis. Under tetrodotoxin, 100 μM NMDA elicited a membrane depolarization of around 20 mV, but did not lead to voltage oscillations. However, following the addition of 2–5 μM 5HT, oscillations were observed in 12% of embryonic and 70% of larval motor neurons. The voltage oscillations depended upon co-activation of NMDA and 5HT receptors since they were curtailed by selectively blocking NMDA receptors with D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) or by excluding Mg2+ from the experimental saline. 5HT applied in the absence of NMDA also failed to elicit oscillations. Oscillations could be induced by the non-selective 5HT1a receptor agonist, 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5CT) and both 5HT- and 5CT-induced oscillations were abolished by pindobind-5HT1, a selective 5HT1a receptor antagonist. To test whether 5HT enables voltage oscillations by modulating the voltage-dependent block of NMDA channels by Mg2+, membrane conductance was monitored under tetrodotoxin. Although 5HT caused membrane hyperpolarization of 4–8 mV, there was little detectable change in conductance. NMDA application caused an approximate 20 mV depolarization and an ‘apparent’ decrease in conductance, presumably due to the conductance pulse bringing the membrane into a voltage region where Mg2+ blocks the NMDA ionophore. 5HT further decreased conductance, which we propose is due to its enhancement of the voltage-dependent Mg2+ block. When the membrane potential was depolarized by ~20 mV via depolarizing current injection (to mimic the NMDA-induced depolarization), 5HT increased rather than decreased membrane conductance. Furthermore, 5HT did not affect the increase in membrane conductance following NMDA applications in zero Mg2+ saline. The results suggest that intrinsic, NMDA receptor-mediated voltage oscillations develop in a brief period after hatching, and that they depend upon the co-activation of 5HT and NMDA receptors. The enabling function of 5HT may involve the facilitation of the voltage-dependent block of the NMDA ionophore by Mg2+ through activation of receptors with 5HT1a-like pharmacology. 相似文献
122.
Stanislw Ryng Zdzislw Machn Zbigniew Wieczorek Michal Zimecki Tadeusz Glowiak 《Archiv der Pharmazie》1997,330(11):319-326
A series of 5-aminomethinimino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 4 has been prepared by condensation of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 1 with trichloroacetic aldehyde. Alcoholysis of trichloro derivatives 2 gave 5-alkoxymethine derivatives 3 which, on reaction with an appropriate amine, formed the corresponding compounds 4 . The compounds obtained were evaluated for their immunological activity. The properties of three compounds, described in this report, permitted inhibition of the immune response in all possible ways: diminishing both types of immune response ( 4d ), humoral immune response ( 4a ), or cellular immune response ( 4c ). Preparation 4d is comparable in its effectiveness to CsA, so it may be potentially used as an agent for prolongation of the function of transplanted organs. Two other compounds may potentially be used in cases where only one type the immune response is required for combating pathogen invasion. 相似文献
123.
Jaafar Mouhyi Lars Sennerby Jeanjacques Pireaux Nicolas Dourov Samir Nammour Jack Van Reck 《Clinical oral implants research》1998,9(3):185-194
The purpose of the present study was to analyse clinically failed and retrieved implants prior to and after cleaning by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as compared to unused controls. Six different chemical and physical techniques for cleaning of contaminated titanium implants were evaluated: 1) rinsing in absolute ethanol for 10 min, 2) cleaning in ultrasonic baths containing trichloroethylene (TRI) and absolute ethanol, 10 min in each solution, 3) abrasive cleaning for 30 s, 4) cleaning in supersaturated citric acid for 30 s, 5) cleaning with continuous CO2-laser in dry conditions at 5 W for 10 s, 6) cleaning with continuous CO2-laser in wet conditions (saline) at 5 W for 10 s. SEM of failed implants showed the presence of contaminants of varying sizes and XPS showed almost no titanium but high carbon signals. XPS of unused titanium implants showed lower levels of titanium as previously reported, probably due to contamination of carbon which increased with time in room air. Cleaning of used implants in citric acid followed by rinsing with deionized water for 5 min followed by cleaning in ultrasonic baths with TRI and absolute ethanol gave the best results with regard to macroscopical appearance and surface composition. However, as compared to the unused implants the results from an element composition point of view were still unsatisfactory. It is concluded that further development and testing of techniques for cleaning of organically contaminated titanium is needed. 相似文献
124.
铜绿假单胞菌全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱分析及应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本研究用计算机控制,可程序升温的毛细管柱气相色谱(GC)仪分析48株铜绿假单胞菌标准株和临床株、部分常见假单胞菌、肠杆菌的细胞脂肪酸。结果表明:月桂烯酸(C12:1),月桂酸(C12:0)、十三碳烯酸(C13:1)、十三碳酸(C13:0)、肉豆劳动脑酸(C14:1)、十七碳稀酸(C17:1)、十七碳酸(C17:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)和花生四烯酸(C20:4)是铜绿包菌有鉴别意义的脂肪酸,组成与 相似文献
125.
重症肌无力中枢神经系统受损模型 总被引:26,自引:2,他引:24
目的近年研究结果表明,重症肌无力(MG)病变部位并不仅仅局限于神经肌接头(NMJ)处突触后膜烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR),烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AChR-ab)病理作用可能波及到中枢神经系统(CNS)。因此,有必要建立模拟MG患者CNS损害的动物模型,研究MG患者脑脊液中存在的AChR-ab引起CNS损害的机制。方法从MG患者血中提取的AChR-ab经侧脑室穿刺注入到大鼠脑室系统,然后观察其症状和体征,以及用脑干听觉诱发电位仪(BAEP)检测鼠脑干听觉传导中枢功能。用免疫组化法(ABC)研究AChR-ab与CNS神经-nAChR之间免疫结合反应及其分布。结果大鼠除了出现脑干听觉传导中枢功能障碍外,还出现类似于MG动物模型表现的症状。免疫组化研究结果显示,神经-nAChR样阳性免疫反应广泛分布于CNS许多部位。结论脑室内注入的AChR-ab与神经-AChR结合引起CNS功能障碍和出现MG动物模型样症状。我们首次建立的中枢受损的MG模型将有助于阐明AChR-ab引起中枢受损和CNS下位运动神经元引起横纹肌收缩无力的机制。 相似文献
126.
KARL-ANTON KREUZER JU¨RGEN KURT ROCKSTROH WOLFGANG JELKMANN ALBERT THEISEN ULRICH SPENGLER & TILMANN SAUERBRUCH 《British journal of haematology》1997,96(2):235-239
Severe anaemia is a frequent complication in advanced HIV infection. In our study we investigated the interaction between cytokine network, HIV infection and erythropoietin (Epo) response with increasing anaemia levels. No correlations could be established between circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and any of the examined parameters. However, a negative correlation was found between haemoglobin values and soluble TNF receptor levels (sTNF-R-I: r = −0.54; P < 0.001; sTNF-R II: r = −0.47; P < 0.001) as well as interleukin-6 levels ( r = −0.29; P < 0.001). In contrast, no significant increase in log[Epo], counterbalancing haemoglobin decline and paralleling the rise in sTNF receptors, was found. In patients classified as stage III, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classification, the erythropoietin response was significantly more impaired than in patients from CDC groups I and II ( P < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that similar to its action in vitro , activation of the TNF/TNF-R system may impair erythropoietin production in HIV-associated anaemia. Due to the brief half-life of TNF-α, this activation is particularly reflected by elevations of soluble TNF receptor levels. 相似文献
127.
Alan T. Villavicencio MD Lloyd A. Hey MD Dhavalkumar Patel MD PhD Peter Bressler MD 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1997,100(6):853-854
J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:853-4. 相似文献
128.
Mice homozygous for the lpr mutation have B and T cell defects and develop autoantibodies, suggesting that lpr plays a role in their genesis. The lpr defect has been identified as a mutation in the apoptosis-associated Fas receptor (FasR) gene. To begin to define the role of FasR in B cells, we have surveyed FasR expression on B-lineage cells from early progenitors in the bone marrow through their maturation in the periphery. Contrary to some reports, we found that FasR is expressed on B cells at all stages of their development and is highest on germinal center B cells. FasR is not expressed on lpr/lpr-derived cells. These data are consistent with the idea that lpr/lpr mice have an intrinsic B cell defect that may be manifested in developing as well as peripheral B cells. An unexpected finding is that B-1 (CD5) B cells do not constitutively express FasR: FasR becomes detectable on B-1 B cells only after activation. 相似文献
129.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome in Hodgkin's disease with increased granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We report a patient with eosinophilia accompanied by Hodgkin's disease who showed remarkable increase in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in plasma but no increase in interleukin-5 (IL-5). The plasma GM-CSF level normalized as eosinophilia and lymphadenopathy disappeared after chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical study with immunoperoxidase staining technique showed a positive stain in lymph node cells by monoclonal anti-GM-CSF antibody. Eosinophilia is often accompanied by Hodgkin's disease, and several cases have been reported to show high levels of plasma IL-5. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show a high level of plasma GM-CSF in Hodgkin's disease with eosinophilia. 相似文献
130.
以环己酮为起始原料,经与苯肼缩合、氧化、Mannich 反应制得1,2,3,9-四氢-3-二甲胺基甲基-4H-咔唑-4-酮盐酸盐(5),后者再与2-甲基咪唑缩合、甲基化合成翁丹西隆,总收率为10.4%。 相似文献