Restriction of self-antigen presentation to cytolytic T lymphocytes by mouse peptide pumps

Transport of an immunogenic self-peptide from the second domain of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) H-2K^d class I molecule is blocked at the TAP1-TAP2 peptide pump level due to its amino acid sequence and is not presented to cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). We demonstrate that first, TAP1-TAP2 pumps can restrict antigen presentation by selecting against internal peptide motifs which are not involved in peptide binding to MHC class I molecules. Second, some molecules targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum are processed for MHC class I presentation in the cytosol. Third, some abundantly expressed immunogenic self-peptides are cytosolically sequestered. The advantage for the host, in terms of the peripheral T cell repertoire is that the spared CTL can be used to recognize foreign antigens. It is, however, anticipated that this advantage will be exploited by pathogens to evade immune surveillance by similar strategies.     

肿瘤异常蛋白在胃肠肿瘤中的临床价值

目的：探讨肿瘤异常蛋白（TAP）对胃肠肿瘤的诊断及预后评价的临床价值。方法比较97例胃肠肿瘤患者（研究组）和97例健康成人（对照组）的TAP表达情况,并根据有无复发转移与常规肿瘤标志物（cTM）的检出率进行比较。结果研究组的TAP阳性率为47.4%高于对照组的5.2%,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;TAP阳性率亦高于同组的cTM阳性率（35.1%）,但差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）;研究组中复发转移患者的TAP阳性率为90.9%,cTM阳性率为63.6%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）。结论 TAP检测可以提高胃肠肿瘤诊断的准确率,对胃肠肿瘤转移复发的监测和预后判断也具有一定的临床价值。     

人类TAP2基因克隆及真核表达质粒的构建

目的 克隆抗原处理相关转运体亚基TAP2基因片段并构建真核表达载体。方法 从EB病毒刺激的人B淋巴母细胞系(B-LCL)中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR从中扩增出TAP2 cDNA。将TAP2 cDNA插入表达载体pcDNA3．1／VS-His-TOPO中,构建重组表达载体pcDNA3．1／V5-His-TOPO-TAP2,并进行测序分析。结果 经RT-PCR和测序鉴定,成功地克隆了人TAP2 cDNA。结论 获得了人TAP2 cDNA并构建了重组真核表达载体,对TAP2基因产物在体外表达、进一步研究TAP2分子在肿瘤基因治疗方面的作用具有重要的意义。     

超声引导改良肋缘下腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导改良肋缘下腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术中术后镇痛效果的影响。方法全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术60例,随机分为两组。麻醉诱导后一组在超声引导下行改良肋缘下入路的双侧腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞,注入0.5%罗哌卡因(0.8 m L/kg,A组),另一组全麻后未行TAP阻滞(B组)。两组术后均应用患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)进行镇痛。记录两组手术中瑞芬太尼的用量,手术结束时除去喉罩时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),术后2、6、24 h视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分,PCIA泵术后36 h总用药量和自控镇痛有效按压次数及镇痛期间不良反应的发生情况。结果与B组比较,A组术中瑞芬太尼的用量明显减少(P<0.05),除去喉罩时MAP、HR波动明显减小(P<0.05),术后2、6 h VAS评分A组明显低于B组(P<0.05),PCIA总用药量和有效按压次数A组明显少于B组(P<0.05),A组镇痛期间不良反应发生也明显少于B组。结论超声引导改良肋缘下TAP阻滞能为腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者提供良好的术中及术后镇痛。     

Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum and subcostal transversus abdominis plane blocks

Abdominal field blocks are commonly used for postoperative analgesia in major abdominal surgeries. The original transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is limited in its dermatomal coverage to T10-L1. However, modifications made to the classic TAP block technique can enhance the spread of local anesthetic and provide more effective analgesia. In this article, we describe 2 of such modifications of the classic TAP block, namely quadratus lumborum and subcostal TAP blocks.     

Association between the TAP1 gene polymorphisms and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in patients from Western Mexico: A pilot study

BackgroundRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a respiratory tract disease that affects children and adults and is characterized by the recurrent proliferation of multiple papillomas. The etiologic agent is the human papillomavirus, mainly genotypes 6 and 11. Furthermore, polymorphisms in TAP1 appear to influence the selection of antigenic peptides and the transport process to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, for their subsequent presentation to T lymphocytes, an essential process against viral diseases and tumor processes. Previous studies have shown that individuals with those polymorphisms are susceptible to immune, infectious, and tumor‐related diseases. The present study aimed to determine the association between the TAP1 rs1057141 (c.1177A>G) and rs1135216 (c.2090A>G) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and RRP.MethodsA case–control study was carried out on a group of 70 individuals (35 controls and 35 patients). RRP diagnosis, HPV genotyping, and viral load were determined through histology and PCR. SNPs rs1057141 and rs1135216 were identified through allelic discrimination, using real‐time PCR. The haplotypic analyses were performed using the Arlequin 3.5 program.ResultsHPV‐6 and HPV‐11 were the genotypes found in the samples. In the polymorphism analysis, rs1057141 showed no significant differences (p = 0.049, CI = 0.994–7.331). In contrast, a significant difference was found in rs1135216 (p = 0.039, OR = 2.4) in the allelic analysis, as well as in the dominant (p = 0.027, OR = 3.06), codominant (p = 0.033, OR = 3.06), and additive model (p = 0.043, OR = 2.505) in subjects with the G allele.ConclusionThe G allele in rs1135216 was associated with a genetic risk of susceptibility for RRP in a population in Western Mexico.