肺结核患者临床特征与外周血流式细胞亚群的相关性分析

目的 了解肺结核患者临床特征与外周血流式细胞亚群[T淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤 (NK)细胞]的相关性。方法 连续性收集2019年1月1日至5月25日期间同济大学附属上海市肺科医院肺结核住院患者1000例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将患者各临床特征数据与外周血流式细胞亚群的检测值采用Eviews 8.0软件分别建立多元线性逐步回归模型,以明确各临床特征与外周血流式细胞亚群的检测值之间的相关性。结果 (1)肺结核患者的肺部病灶范围及呼吸道标本抗酸染色涂片结果与CD3⁺T细胞表达有关:肺部病灶范围越大、呼吸道标本抗酸染色涂片阳性程度越高,CD3⁺ T细胞数量越低(回归系数分别为-0.255、-0.499, P值分别为0.021、0.027)。(2)患者的年龄、性别、结核分子生物学检测结果与CD4⁺ T细胞表达有关: 0~<20岁年龄段患者CD4⁺ T细胞数量低于其他年龄段患者(回归系数-4.710,P=0.031);男性CD4⁺ T细胞数量低于女性患者(回归系数-2.150, P=0.001);分子生物学检测阳性的患者CD4⁺ T细胞数量高于检测阴性的患者(回归系数1.433, P=0.030)。(3)初治患者CD8⁺ T细胞数量高于复治患者(回归系数1.247, P=0.029);呼吸道标本抗酸染色涂片阳性程度越高CD8⁺ T细胞数量越高(回归系数0.442, P=0.033)。(4)并发肺外结核者的NK细胞低于未并发肺外结核者(回归系数0.375, P=0.030)。结论 肺结核患者的肺部病灶累及范围、呼吸道标本抗酸染色阳性与外周血流式细胞亚群CD3⁺ T细胞具有相关性;年龄、性别、结核分子生物学检测结果与CD4⁺ T细胞具有相关性;是否初治、呼吸道标本抗酸染色阳性与CD8⁺ T细胞具有相关性;是否并发肺外结核与NK细胞表达水平具有相关性。     

AAV-CRISPR Gene Editing Is Negated by Pre-existing Immunity to Cas9

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The future of autoimmune liver diseases – Understanding pathogenesis and improving morbidity and mortality

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), namely autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are rare diseases. These days, patients with PBC almost never require liver transplantation. When treated early with ursodeoxycholic acid patients have a normal life expectancy if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage and the patients respond to treatment. Patients with AIH often go into remission with first‐line therapy including corticosteroids alone or in combination with azathioprine. Nevertheless, about one quarter of patients already developed cirrhosis at diagnosis. Those who do not respond to first line standard of care (SOC) have significant liver‐related morbidity and mortality. No approved second‐ or third‐line treatments are available and the drugs are selected based on limited case series and personal experience. Larger trials are needed to develop efficient therapies for difficult‐to‐treat AIH patients. No treatment has been found to alter the natural course of disease in patients with PSC except for liver transplantation. Identifying PSC patients at risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is another unmet need. Current research in all AILD including AIH, PBC and PSC, focuses on improving our understanding of the underlying disease process and identifying new therapeutic targets to decrease morbidity and mortality.     

Efficacy of an analysis of lymphocyte subsets in predicting the clinical response to α-interferon therapy in thalassaemia patients with chronic infection by hepatitis C virus: a pilot study

Summary. α-interferon (α-IFN) has been used to treat chronic non-A non-B hepatitis in thalassaemic patients with response rates from 45% to 83%. Unfortunately, treatment with α-IFN is associated with side-effects which have a negative effect on the quality of life of the patient. Therefore it would be useful if we could distinguish in advance those patients who would benefit from such therapy from those who would not. In the present study we found that the modification of lymphocyte subsets 20 h after the administration of the first dose of α-IFN revealed that relative numbers of T helper lymphocytes (CD4⁺) increased in three non-responding patients and decreased in five responding patients, whereas those of T suppressor lymphocytes (CD8⁺), and natural killer cells (CD57⁺. CD16⁺) decreased in non-responding patients and increased in responding patients. Therefore analysis of the lymphocyte subsets CD4, CD8, CD57 and CD16 before and 20 h after the administration of α-IFN can be used to predict the clinical response to treatment with α-IFN.     

CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞在特发性血小板减少性紫癜发病中的作用

目的探讨CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞在特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者中的表达及意义。方法采用流式细胞技术分别检测20例健康人、33例初诊ITP患者,22例治疗后ITP患者CD4+CD25highTreg细胞和CD4+CD25+CD127dimTreg细胞的表达水平。将初诊ITP患者根据病情分为重型组和轻型组,治疗后ITP患者根据治疗疗效分为治疗有效组和无效组。将各组计量资料进行统计学分析。结果初诊ITP患者CD4+CD25highTreg细胞、CD4+CD25+CD127dimTreg细胞比例明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),且重型ITP组明显低于轻型ITP组(P<0.01,P<0.05),结果具有统计学意义。治疗后患者CD4+CD25highTreg细胞、CD4+CD25+CD127dimTreg细胞比例升高(P<0.01),但仍低于正常对照组(P<0.05);治疗有效组CD4+CD25highTreg细胞和CD4+CD25+CD127dimTreg细胞比例均高于治疗无效患者(P<0.05),结果具有统计学意义。结论 CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞的表达水平在ITP发病、疾病进展中具有重要的临床意义。     

2011年新报告的艾滋病病毒感染者接受抗病毒治疗前CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数自然变化情况分析

目的 探讨2011年新报告的艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者接受抗病毒治疗前的CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数自然变化情况及其影响因素。方法 对2011年新报告且至少接受过2次CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数的HIV感染者进行分析,描述并比较其末次与首次CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数自然变化情况,运用Cox比例风险模型分析CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数显著下降的影响因素。结果 共有24 222例HIV感染者纳入分析,月均CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数变化速率中位数为-2.00（IQR:-7.81~3.601） cell/l,其中60.9%的HIV感染者末次CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数结果低于首次,且随着首末次检测间隔时间的延长,CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数下降明显。运用Cox比例风险模型分析发现,年龄较大和同性传播的HIV感染者CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数下降明显。结论 未经过抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者大部分仍处于疾病进展阶段,应加强对未接受抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者尤其是高年龄组以及同性传播感染者的随访,定期进行CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数检测,及早开展抗病毒治疗。     

Maintenance of T cell specification and differentiation requires recurrent notch receptor-ligand interactions

Notch signaling has been shown to play a pivotal role in inducing T lineage commitment. However, T cell progenitors are known to retain other lineage potential long after the first point at which Notch signaling is required. Thus, additional requirements for Notch signals and the timing of these events relative to intrathymic differentiation remain unknown. Here, we address this issue by culturing subsets of CD4 CD8 double negative (DN) thymocytes on control stromal cells or stromal cells expressing Delta-like 1 (Dll1). All DN subsets were found to require Notch signals to differentiate into CD4+ CD8+ T cells. Using clonal analyses, we show that CD44+ CD25+ (DN2) cells, which appeared committed to the T cell lineage when cultured on Dll1-expressing stromal cells, nonetheless gave rise to natural killer cells with a progenitor frequency similar to that of CD44+ CD25- (DN1) thymocytes when Notch signaling was absent. These data, together with the observation that Dll1 is expressed on stromal cells throughout the thymic cortex, indicates that Notch receptor-ligand interactions are necessary for induction and maintenance of T cell lineage specification at both the DN1 and DN2 stages of T cell development, suggesting that the Notch-induced repression of the B cell fate is temporally separate from Notch-induced commitment to the T lineage.     

CT与电子喉镜喉癌T分期诊断

目的探讨CT和电子喉镜对喉癌T分期的价值.方法26例喉癌,术前均行电子喉镜与CT检查,将喉镜所见和CT表现与手术病理结果对照分析.结果26例中,声门上癌7例,声门癌12例,声门下癌2例,跨声门癌5例.手术病理证实原位癌1例,T1期6例,T2期6例,T3期2例,T4期11例.对于T1、T2期,电子喉镜分期的准确率为80%,CT分期的准确率为69.2%;而对于T3、T4期,电子喉镜分期的准确率为23.1%,CT分期的准确率为84.6%;CT与电子喉镜相结合对本组喉癌的T分期准确率为88.5%.结论CT与电子喉镜相结合可使喉癌术前T分期更为准确.     

测定同种异体反应中分泌细胞因子的T淋巴细胞及其临床意义初探

本研究目的是测定同种异基因外周血单个核细胞 (PBMNCs)刺激后分泌不同细胞因子的T淋巴细胞水平并对其临床意义进行研究 ,以建立一种监测同种异体反应性T淋巴细胞的新方法。首先 ,利用新颖的细胞因子分泌检测方法 (CKSA)从单细胞水平定量测定了人混合淋巴细胞反应后分泌IFN γ ,IL 4和IL 10的T淋巴细胞水平 ;然后根据上述实验结果 ,分析 2例接受异基因骨髓移植后发生急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)的患者外周血中分泌IFN γ的T细胞水平。结果表明 :经同种异体PBMNCs刺激后分泌IFN γ的T淋巴细胞水平显著升高 [(1.12± 0 .13) % ],而分泌IL 4和IL 10的T淋巴细胞则无升高 ,分别为 (0 .12± 0 .0 3) %和 (0 .10± 0 .0 3) %。患者外周血分泌IFN γ的T淋巴细胞水平和aGVHD的发生及严重程度有一定的相关性。结论 :利用CKSA从单细胞水平定量测定同种异体PBMNCs刺激后分泌IFN γ的T淋巴细胞水平的技术具有临床应用价值 ,可以应用于对aGVHD的识别。