Immunocytochemical characterization of large granular lymphocytes in normal cervix and HPV associated disease.

A quantitative immunocytochemical study of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) in the normal cervix and in human papillomavirus (HPV) associated disease was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies which included those for LGL surface markers CD56, CD16, and CD57. Only CD56-positive cells were found within the ectocervical epithelium and these cells increased in number in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in comparison with normal cervix. Examination of serial sections and double labelling suggests that these cells are CD3+, CD8+, CD56+, CD16+. The observed increase in number of this subset was not associated specifically with HPV infection but was related to CIN. Lymphocytes expressing all three LGL markers were found in the stroma and CD16(+)-positive cells clustered around endocervical glands with occasional cells extending into the endocervical epithelium. These results indicate that a small subset of LGLs which express T-cell markers is increased in number in CIN. Cells expressing classical NK markers are restricted to the stroma and are not found within the ectocervical epithelium.     

活血化瘀法治疗髌骨软骨软化症的探讨

本文从髌骨软骨软化症的病因病理出发，阐述了活血化瘀疗法治疗髌骨软骨软化症的作用及其原理，列举了活血化瘀法在该病治疗中的具体运用，同时强调了在辨证施治基础上活血化瘀的重要性。     

Neue Entwicklungen in der systemischen Psoriasistherapie

The current standard systemic therapeutic modalities for psoriasis have many potential side effects. Progress made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of psoriasis as a T‐cell‐mediated dermatosis provide options for new more precise therapeutic approaches. These immunological therapeutic strategies involve the inhibition/depletion of activated T‐lymphocytes, the inhibition of antigen presentation and thus the regulation of T‐cell activation, the inhibition of adhesion of inflammatory cells, the inhibition of effects of proinflammatory mediators and the administration of antiinflammatory cytokines. This article summarizes these new systemic therapeutic approaches. Clinical results in the early studies have been mixed. In the next years further results of phase II‐ and phase III‐studies may be expected, which should allow better assessment of the potential of those particular approaches. Some of these approaches could lead to the approval of new drugs to treat psoriasis and to enhance or replace already existing therapeutic options. Furthermore results of therapeutic experiments should contribute to a better understanding of the disease. As we learn which mechanisms are more or less important for the disease, we will be better able to plan intervention strategies.     

Rapidly enhancing hepatic hemangiomas at MRI: Distinction from malignancies with T2-weighted images

The purpose of this study is to describe a subset of atypical hepatic hemangiomas that enhance rapidly and diffusely and to determine whether heavily T2-weighted images could distinguish between atypically enhancing liver hemangiomas and hypervascular malignancies. A retrospective search of MR records identified seven patients with liver hemangiomas that demonstrated diffuse early enhancement and 23 patients with biopsy-proven malignant liver lesions that were hypervascular on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR images. Quantitative analysis of signal intensity measurements was performed on the T2-weighted images, heavily T2-weighted (TE < 140), and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced images. Blinded reader comparison of the T2-weighted images and gadolinium-enhanced images was performed. Hypervascular hemangiomas enhanced to a greater degree than hypervascular malignant liver lesions on the early phase gadolinium-enhanced images. Perilesional parenchymal enhancement was demonstrated in five cases of rapidly enhancing hemangiomas. Signal intensity and contrast-to-noise ratios on the heavily T2-weighted images of the hemangiomas were significantly greater than that of the hypervascular malignant lesions (P < .05). Hemangiomas were differentiated from the hypervascular malignant liver lesions with high accuracy (97–100%) by three blinded readers based on the T2-weighted images. A subset of hemangiomas have atypical rapid diffuse enhancement on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced images. These atypical hemangiomas can be distinguished from hypervascular malignant liver lesions on T2-weighted MR images.     

TSG-6基因在3T3-L1脂肪细胞诱导分化中表达水平的变化

[目的] 探讨TSG-6基因在3T3-L1脂肪细胞诱导分化中表达水平的变化。[方法] 采用细胞培养和RT-PCR技术，检测细胞诱导分化不同时段脂肪细胞中TSG-6基因的表达水平。[结果] ①随着脂肪细胞逐渐分化成熟，TSG-6基因mRNA表达水平逐渐升高；②TSG-6基因表达水平除在细胞分化第0-2d、第3-5d和第7-10d各时段内差异无显著性(P＞0.05)外，其余各时段之间表达水平差异均有显著性(P＜0.05)。[结论] TSG-6基因与细胞分化以及脂原形成可能相关。     

肌钙蛋白T在诊断急性心肌梗死中的应用

采用肌钙蛋白Ｔ半定量试纸条检测急性心肌梗死１６例，心绞痛１３例，以２０例健康体检者为对照组。结果显示，ＡＭＩ组阳性反应１５例，心绞组仅１例阳性，对照组均为阴性，结果提示，ＴｎＴ半定量试纸条检测法在ＡＭＩ诊断中，敏感性和特异性较高，方法简便方便，尤其适用于急诊室，内科监护病房及基层医院使用。     

Flow-independent angiography for peripheral vascular disease: Initial in-vivo results

Flow-independent angiography (FIA), an approach that isolates arterial blood using MR relaxation characteristics rather than flow effects, was evaluated for application in peripheral vascular disease (PVD). First, pilot studies were conducted in which FIA coronal projection images were obtained from controls and symptomatic patients with PVD to assess clinical utility. All control images corresponded to the expected leg arterial anatomy with little interference from deep veins (one of five) and muscle (zero of five). Superficial venous signal was less well suppressed in comparison to deep veins (four of five). Images of symptomatic patients were less consistent with difficulty suppressing muscle and deep venous signal in some cases and edema when present. We then compared T2 values for muscle (T2_m, tibialis anterior), arterial blood (femoral and popliteal arteries), and venous blood (femoral, popliteal, and saphenous veins) in controls (n = 8) and symptomatic patients with intermittent claudication (n = 5) or ischemic rest pain (n = 7). Changes in T2 measurements of various tissues accounted for poorer contrast in symptomatic patients. Patients with ischemic rest pain had significantly higher T2_m compared with controls (T2_m = 39.3 ± 2.1 (1 standard error of the mean [SEM]) versus 30.9 ± .4, P < .01). For all measurements, other than saphenous vein, variances were greater in symptomatic patients. To realize the inherent advantages of FIA for this clinical application, additional work on suppression of signals from muscle, veins, and edema is required. One promising approach involves shifting from projection images to three-dimensional acquisitions for improved tissue suppression.     

原发性肾小球疾病患者T淋巴细胞亚群变化的初探

本文应用磁性磷酸酶－抗碱性磷酸酶桥联酶标技术（APAAP），对27例原发性肾小球疾病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群进行观察。结果表明：本组病例表现为CD细胞升高，CD细胞减少，和CD／CD比值增加。提示原发性肾小球疾病可导致细胞免疫功能改变，T淋巴细胞亚群的变化，是肾组织损害的一个间接证据，可作为临床诊断一个有价值的参考指标。     

Effects of IgM Allotype Suppression on Serum IgM Levels,B-1 and B-2 Cells,and Antibody Responses ir Allotype Heterozygous F1 Mice

IgM allotype heterozygous F1 mice were independently suppressed for Igh6a or Igh6b to evaluate the contribution of B-1 and B-2 cells to natural serum IgM levels and Ab responses. B-2 B cells expressing IgM of the suppressed allotype were evident in the spleens of suppressed mice 4 to 6 weeks after cessation of the suppression regimen, whereas B-1 B cells of the suppressed allotype were undetectable for up to 9 months. Although serum IgM of the suppressed allotype was initially depleted in mice suppressed for either allotype, by 7 months of age, there were detectable levels of IgM of the suppressed allotype in the serum; however, the levels were significantly below that found in nonsuppressed mice. When mice were immunized with either the T-independent or T-dependent form of phosphorylcholine, those suppressed for either allotype, and consequently depleted of B-1 B cells of that allotype, did not respond with phosphorylcholine-specific IgM of the suppressed allotype. In contrast, when mice were immunized with α1-3 dextran, the Igh6a allotype-suppressed mice were able to produce dextran-specific IgM of that allotype. These results show that allotype-bearing B-1 cells of both allotypes can be effectively suppressed by this suppression protocol and this produces long-lasting effects on B-1 cell levels and serum IgM of the suppressed allotype. These observations reflect the derivation of the majority of B-1 cells from fetal-neonatal precursors, which cannot be replaced by newly emerging B-2 cells of adult origin. Their ablation by antibody treatment results in permanent alterations to the adult B-cell repertoire.