小剂量糖皮质激素联合来氟米特及羟氯喹治疗类风湿关节炎的疗效观察

目的观察小剂量激素联合来氟米特及羟氯喹治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的临床疗效。方法将64例RA患者随机分为两组:治疗组:小剂量泼尼松联合来氟米特及羟氯喹组,予以来氟米特30mg/d,强的松10mg/d,晨起口服,羟氯喹200mg,2次/d口服;对照组:来氟米特联合醋氯芬酸组,予以来氟米特30mg/d,醋氯芬酸0.1/次、2~3次/日,两组均为32例,疗程为12周。比较两组治疗前后的ESR、C反应蛋白指标及关节疼痛改善程度。结果 与对照组相比,治疗组的完全缓解率与部分缓解率较高,临床DAS28评分、ESR、C反应蛋白水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 小剂量强的松联合来氟米特及强氯喹治疗类风湿关节炎能有效改善患者关节肿痛症状,明显抑制炎症反应,控制病情进展。     

Measures of initiation and progression to increased smoking among current menthol compared to non-menthol cigarette smokers based on data from four U.S. government surveys

There are no large-scale, carefully designed cohort studies that provide evidence on whether menthol cigarette use is associated with a differential risk of initiating and/or progressing to increased smoking. However, questions of whether current menthol cigarette smokers initiated smoking at a younger age or are more likely to have transitioned from non-daily to daily cigarette use compared to non-menthol smokers can be addressed using cross-sectional data from U.S. government surveys. Analyses of nationally representative samples of adult and youth smokers indicate that current menthol cigarette use is not associated with an earlier age of having initiated smoking or greater likelihood of being a daily versus non-daily smoker. Some surveys likewise provide information on cigarette type preference (menthol versus non-menthol) among youth at different stages or trajectories of smoking, based on number of days smoked during the past month and/or cigarettes smoked per day. Prevalence of menthol cigarette use does not appear to differ among new, less experienced youth smokers compared to established youth smokers. While there are limitations with regard to inferences that can be drawn from cross-sectional analyses, these data do not suggest any adverse effects for menthol cigarettes on measures of initiation and progression to increased smoking.     

晚期癌症患者中医辨证分型分布及其同生存期的相关性分析研究

背景与目的：晚期癌症患者的中医辨证分型具有同西医症状评估不同的特点。通过对晚期癌症患者进行中医辨证分型的分类，研究其同西医症状及患者生存期之间的相关性。方法：通过MD Anderson症状评估量表（MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Chinese，MDASI-C）收集临床患者症状分布及强度，并通过望闻问切判断患者的中医辨证分型。描述性分析用于人口统计学及临床特征资料的分析。对辨证分型为肝肾阴虚型（Ⅳ型）和其他型的患者进行t检验及χ²检验。应用Kaplan-Meier方法计算生存期，Log-rank进行显著性检验。结果：根据中医辨证分型，227例晚期癌症患者中，Ⅳ型共82例（36%）。Ⅳ型与其他5型相比，乏力和气急的发生频率和强度均较高。Ⅳ型患者同其他5型患者之间生存差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。美国东部肿瘤协作组（Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group，ECOG）评分和Ⅳ型为晚期癌症患者生存期的预后因素。结论：本研究证实中医辨证分型对晚期癌症患者生存期有辨识作用，可提高晚期癌症生存期预测的准确性。在临床工作中，以此辅助检测病情变化，有助于临床医师更好地判断晚期癌症患者的生存预后。