Stress urinary incontinence in patients treated for cervical cancer: is TVT-Secur a valuable treatment option?

We present two patients with bothersome stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for early stage cervical cancer. One patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. We selected, after extensive counseling, TVT-Secur in these two patients as we aimed to avoid the pelvic cavity, expecting altered anatomy due to major pelvic surgery, and counting on low risk of developing bladder retention, given results of a case series. Both patients were continent post-operatively. One patient presented with a small tape erosion that was successfully corrected using local analgesics. The other patient developed urgency symptoms that disappeared after treatment with solifenacine. Both patients had detrusor hypo-activity at pre-operative urodynamics, but no bladder retention occurred following surgery. In patients with a history of radical hysterectomy who present with SUI, we would advise to counsel that satisfying results can be expected of TVT-Secur, although it is likely that additional care after surgery is needed.     

Stress urinary incontinence 3 years after pregnancy: correlation to mode of delivery and parity

The aim was to estimate the incidence of stress urinary incontinence 3 years after delivery and its correlation to mode of delivery and parity. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with 120 women at the Antenatal Clinic at the State University of Campinas. There was a significant difference in the incidence of postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among patients with SUI during pregnancy (p > 0.0001). Women that were asymptomatic during pregnancy and had vaginal delivery developed SUI 2.4 times more frequently than after c-section (19.2% and 8.0%, respectively). The incidence of SUI after delivery dropped significantly in the primiparous (p = 0.0073) and multiparous 2–3 (p < 0.0001), but not in the multiparous with four or more deliveries (66.7% to 60.0%) (p = 0.5637). A significant correlation has been observed between parity and SUI (p = 0.0299). Pregnancy possibly predisposes to SUI 3 years after delivery as well as parity. No significant correlation has been demonstrated between mode of delivery and SUI.     

Evaluation of the integrity of the deltoid ligament in supination external rotation ankle fractures: a systematic review of the literature

Background and purpose  Review the literature concerning modalities to evaluate the integrity of the deltoid ligament in patients with supination external rotation ankle fractures. Methods  The electronic databases Pubmed/Medline, CINAHL and Embase were searched from 1987 to November 2007 to identify all published original studies concerning diagnostic modalities to evaluate the integrity of the deltoid ligament in adult ankle fractures. Results  This review included nine studies involving 423 ankle fractures. Three trails investigated medial tenderness; two studies, ecchymosis; two studies, swelling; one study, an injury radiograph; six studies, a type of radiographic stress view; one study, the Lauge-Hansen classification; one study, MRI; and one article studied arthroscopy in the evaluation of the deltoid ligament integrity. Interpretation  Swelling, ecchymosis, medial tenderness, initial injury radiographs and the Lauge-Hansen classification are less adequate predictors of the integrity of the deltoid ligament. Manual or the less painful variant, the gravity external rotation stress radiographs are considered the gold standard. The amount of medial clear space widening indicative of a positive external rotation stress test has been somewhat variable in the literature but ≥5 mm is generally regarded as most reliable. Achieving adequate external rotation of the foot when obtaining stress radiographs is more important than positioning the ankle in the appropriate degree of ankle flexion. The amount of applied force necessary when performing an external rotation stress radiograph is not well defined and mainly determined by the patient’s pain level. The indication for surgery should not be based on the absolute value of one parameter but on the combination of several parameters. If nonoperative treatment is chosen despite a positive stress radiograph, close follow-up is critical because subluxation of the ankle joint is still possible. MRI could be useful in individual cases.     

颈椎动态MRI对脊髓型颈椎病手术入路选择的意义

目的:探讨颈椎动态MRI在脊髓型颈椎病手术入路及术式选择中的指导作用.方法:对26例在常规MRI上显示为前方1个或2个相邻节段脊髓受压的脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者行颈椎动态MRI检查.有15例患者在颈椎动态MRI上表现为多节段脊髓前后方受压,对此15例患者采用"颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术".术前、术后及术后1年进行JOA评分,计算手术改善率;观察颈椎前凸角变化.结果:15例患者术后JOA评分较术前明显改善(P<0.05),颈椎前凸角术前术后无显著性差异(P>0.05),术后12个月神经功能改善率为优者12例,良2例,好转1例.结论:动态颈椎MRI可以更客观真实了解脊髓受压情况.帮助术者更准确地选择手术入路及术式,取得更好的治疗效果.     

Stress Fracture of the Proximal Fibula in Military Recruits

Background

We wanted to report on stress fracture of the proximal fibula and to suggest the pathomechanism of this fracture.

Methods

Between April 2004 through April 2005, the military recruits who complained of leg pain during the 6 weeks basic training in the Republic of Korea Marine Corps education and training group were evaluated according to their clinical manifestations and plain radiographs.

Results

Twelve recruits of 635 recruits who complained leg pain were diagnosed as having fibular stress fracture. Eleven cases (10 recruits) appeared at the junction of the proximal and middle 1/3 of the fibula and 2 cases (2 recruits) were in the middle 1/3 of the fibula, as assessed radiologically. Tenderness was the most reliable clinical manifestation. All the fractures occurred after repetitive walking or jumping in a squatting position. Conservative treatments that included bed rest, immobilization and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administration according to the symptom severity were satisfactory.

Conclusions

Proximal fibular stress fracture is not rare in military recruits. The shearing force on the proximal fibula and the repetitive stress by walking or jumping in a squatting position contribute to the stress fracture of the proximal fibula.     

Radiosensitivity in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Purpose: Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit a high incidence of cancer, as well as high levels of genetic damage. We hypothesized that these patients show genomic instability detected as an increased chromosomal radiosensitivity in front of the genetic damage induced by ionizing radiation.

Material and methods: The background levels of genetic damage and the net genetic damage after in vitro irradiation with 0.5 Gy were analyzed using the micronucleus (MN) assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. A total number of 552 individuals (179 controls and 373 CKD patients) were included in the study.

Results: The net radiation-induced genetic damage was significantly higher in CKD patients than in controls; but no differences between those patients submitted to hemodialysis and those in pre-dialytic stages were detected. A positive correlation was observed between basal and net micronucleus frequencies in CKD patients what would indicate an underlying genetic background modulating DNA damage levels.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that CKD patients present genomic instability, measured as an increased chromosomal radiosensitivity in front of ionizing radiation.     

Tibial hyperostosis: A diagnostic approach

Tibial hyperostosis may be encountered in musculoskeletal imaging, incidentally or during the investigation of a leg pain. Hyperostosis involves the exuberant production of osseous tissue and results in cortical, periosteal and/or endosteal thickening of the bone. As a long bone with thick cortices, the tibia has a significant probability of being affected by ubiquitous bone diseases. As a tubular long bone, the tibia is likely to be involved in extensive infectious conditions such as osteomyelitis. As a bone of the lower limb, the tibia undergoes high stresses and may be affected by decrease in bone strength or repetitive submaximal stress. The tibia is also particularly involved in some bone sclerosing dysplasias and Paget's disease. In this work, we aim at highlighting the main conditions leading to tibial hyperostosis and try to provide key elements to narrow down the several diagnostic possibilities. Osteoid osteomas, fatigue or insufficiency fractures, infectious conditions, vascular lesions, sclerosing bone dysplasias and Paget's disease represent the main challenging diagnoses to discuss.     

高压氧综合治疗持续性植物状态患者的探讨

目的：评价高压氧综合治疗持续性植物状态患者的疗效并探讨其作用机理。方法：自１９９４年３月至１９９５年３月一年间，在常规治疗的基础上，应用高压氧治疗持续性植物状态患者８例（病因为严重颅脑损伤４例、脑出血２例、脑梗塞１例、脑膜瘤术后１例，其中昏迷时间最长为２８１天，其次为１４１天）；治疗压力为０．２ＭＰａ，吸纯氧４０分钟×２次，中间吸空气１０分钟，每天治疗１次，１０次为１个疗程。治疗次数最短者２０次，最长者８６次。结果：本组８例患者经上述治疗后全部清醒恢复意识。结论：高压氧治疗对持续性植物状态患者有显著疗效。对治疗时间较长超过４０次者，宜分阶段进行，并应注意加强营养供给。     

Diagnosis and treatment of stress fracture of the patella in atheletes

Five cases of stress fracture of the patella in athletes are presented. Four of these occurred transversally in the lower part and one longitudinally in the lateral part of the patella. Three of the patients were females (endurance runner, high jumper, and orienteerer) and two males (volleyball and soccer player). The diagnosis was made 2–8 months from the onset of the symptoms. Conservative treatment was successful in only one patient; all others were treated surgically, with good end result. Drilling of the fracture line was performed twice with metal wire cerclage fixation, excision of the lateral fragment was carried out once, and a bone graft with K wires and cerclage compression (tension band) was performed once. In all cases the patellar retinaculum was intact, indicating a stress injury. Stress fracture of the patella is a rare overuse injury, and therefore difficulties and delays in the diagnosis and treatment may occur. In cases with delayed diagnosis we recommend operative treatment.     

术前一次性大剂量甲基强的松龙对腹部手术病人的影响

目的探讨术前一次性大剂量甲基强的松龙（ＭＰ）对腹部手术病人的影响。方法２０例择期腹部手术病人分为两组进行前瞻性、随机、双盲、对照研究。对照组于术前静脉滴注等渗盐水１００ｍｌ；ＭＰ组术前静脉滴注等渗盐水１００ｍｌ＋ＭＰ（３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。结果与对照组比较，ＭＰ治疗显著改善了病人术后的疲倦状态（Ｐ＜０．０５）、功能活动过程（Ｐ＜０．０５）、肺功能（ＦＥＶＣ和ＦＥＶ１）（Ｐ＜０．０５）；两组并发症无显著性差异；ＭＰ组住院时间显著短于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；两组术后血浆ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦα和ＰＧＥ２均无显著性差异；ＭＰ组升高的血浆ＰＭＮ－ｅｌａｓｔａｓｅ浓度较对照组更快地恢复到术前水平。ＭＰ组血浆Ｃ反应蛋白（ＣＲＰ）浓度增高程度显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论腹部手术术前一次性大剂量ＭＰ治疗可减轻术后应激反应而有助于病人的恢复