Kinesiology taping does not alter shoulder strength,shoulder proprioception,or scapular kinematics in healthy,physically active subjects and subjects with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of kinesiology tape (KT) on shoulder strength, proprioception, and scapular kinematics in healthy and Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SAIS) subjects.DesignPlacebo-controlled quasi-experimental study.SettingResearch laboratory.ParticipantsA total of 30 physically active subjects participated. Ten healthy subjects with no previous history of shoulder pathology received KT on the dominant shoulder. Twenty subjects with shoulder pain for a minimum of two weeks and presenting with clinical signs of impingement were allotted to receive KT (n = 10) or placebo taping (PT, n = 10) on the involved shoulder.Main outcome measuresAll participants were tested pre- and post-application. Shoulder internal/external rotation (IR/ER) strength was assessed with isokinetic dynamometry (average peak torque/body weight). Shoulder IR/ER proprioception was assessed through threshold to detect passive motion (mean absolute error in degrees). Scapular position at 90° and 120° of shoulder abduction during arm raising/lowering were assessed using a 3D motion analysis system.ResultsNo significant within group or between group differences were demonstrated for any measure.ConclusionsTaping does not appear to aid/impair shoulder strength, shoulder proprioception, or scapular kinematics. Future research should explore if the effects of KT are time-dependent and similar in other pathologies.     

Effects of posture and lower limb muscle strength on the results of the Star Excursion Balance Test

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the distance measurements in the Star Excursion Balance Test and participants’ posture and lower limb muscle strength. [Participants and Methods] Nine healthy male college students participated in this study. Star Excursion Balance Test distance was measured in both lower limbs by performing anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial trials; measuring the maximum reach; and performing three-dimensional motion analysis to determine the posture at maximum reach. Isokinetic muscle strength for knee flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension, and hip adduction/abduction were measured using an isokinetic machine. [Results] The hip extension strength, reach side ankle dorsiflexion angles, stance side knee flexion, reach side knee flexion, and knee flexion strength were selected as significant explanatory variables in the anterior direction. For the posteromedial direction, hip adduction and hip extension strength, reach side hip flexion angle, and stance side hip flexion angle were selected. For the posterolateral direction, reach side knee flexion angle and stance side ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion strength and reach side hip flexion angle were selected. [Conclusion] The related factors differed between the dominant and non-dominant legs even in the same reach direction.     

后肢急性缺血大鼠模型的构建及评估

背景：目前国内广泛采用大鼠肢体缺血模型对肢体缺血的病理过程和治疗方法进行研究,但在模型的构建及评估上存在一定争议,故急需一种可靠、经济、制作方便的疾病模型。目的：探索不同方式制备的SD大鼠后肢急性缺血模型患肢缺血的程度、持续时间和变化规律,寻找肢体缺血程度适中、稳定,维持时间较长的模型制备方法。方法：随机将72只SD大鼠等分为4组：A组大鼠给予假手术,分离肾动脉水平以下的腹主动脉和髂腰动脉、右股浅动脉、腘动脉、隐动脉;B组大鼠切断右股浅动脉、腘动脉、隐动脉,切除右股浅动脉,建立后肢急性缺血模型;C组大鼠结扎腹主动脉、两侧腹壁阴部动脉,建立后肢急性缺血模型;D组大鼠结扎腹主动脉、髂腰动脉和腰动脉,建立后肢急性缺血模型。结果与结论：造模后2,4,6周,以不同方法建立后肢急性缺血模型的B、C、D组大鼠右后肢肌力弱于A组;4周D组肌力弱于B、C组;6周B、D组肌力仍有弱于C组的趋势。造模后2,4,6周,B、C、D组右后肢静脉血氧分压均低于A组;造模后2,4周,D组低于B、C组;造模后6周D组仍低于C组。造模后2、4周,3个造模组右后肢肌组织部分肌细胞崩解,纤维结缔组织增生,毛细血管增多,炎细胞浸润,且D组病理变化最重。造模后6周,3组纤维结缔组织增生减轻,毛细血管增生、扩张、充血。提示结扎大鼠肾动脉下方腹主动脉、髂腰动脉和腰动脉的后肢缺血模型,缺血程度适中,缺血状态稳定,维持时间较长,制作方便。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

山东省农村学龄前留守儿童心理健康状况及干预效果研究

目的了解山东省农村学龄前留守儿童的心理健康状况,评价干预效果,为促进学龄前留守儿童心理健康提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山东省2个县/区的10个乡镇幼儿园共计735例儿童作为调查对象,使用长处和困难问卷(Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire,SDQ)(家长版)进行心理测量,将受试对象分为干预组和对照组,综合干预1年后,再次对受试对象进行心理状况测量。结果留守儿童在品行问题、多动问题、困难总分上的评分高于非留守儿童;综合干预1年后,留守儿童SDQ各项因子异常检出率均有下降(P0.05),监护类型为母亲和祖父母的留守儿童SDQ各项因子得分也均有下降,监护类型为外祖父母的留守儿童干预前后SDQ各项因子评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论留守儿童心理健康状况较差,适当干预可有效改善学龄前留守儿童心理健康状况;母亲和祖父母监护的留守儿童干预效果比外祖父母监护的效果好。     

前牙金沉积烤瓷冠修复临床效果观察

目的探讨金沉积烤瓷冠的临床应用效果。方法临床选择行前牙烤瓷修复的患者96例(共120颗),随机分为3组:金沉积烤瓷冠组、铸造镍铬合金组、铸造金铂合金烤瓷冠组,每组各制作40例。30个月后临床复查,检查临床边缘密合度、颜色、牙龈炎性反应、烤瓷冠的折裂及崩瓷情况。结果金沉积烤瓷冠与金铂合金烤瓷冠边缘密合度接近,均优于镍铬合金烤瓷冠(P<0.05);金沉积烤瓷冠与金铂合金烤瓷冠的颜色均优于镍铬合金烤瓷冠(P<0.05);三者在崩瓷、折裂方面无差异。结论金沉积烤瓷冠具有良好的美观效果,边缘密合度好,抗折强度高。     

Structure and mechanical properties of Saxidomus purpuratus biological shells

The strength and fracture behavior of Saxidomus purpuratus shells were investigated and correlated with the structure. The shells show a crossed lamellar structure in the inner and middle layers and a fibrous/blocky and porous structure composed of nanoscaled particulates (∼100 nm diameter) in the outer layer. It was found that the flexure strength and fracture mode are a function of lamellar organization and orientation. The crossed lamellar structure of this shell is composed of domains of parallel lamellae with approximate thickness of 200–600 nm. These domains have approximate lateral dimensions of 10–70 μm with a minimum of two orientations of lamellae in the inner and middle layers. Neighboring domains are oriented at specific angles and thus the structure forms a crossed lamellar pattern. The microhardness across the thickness was lower in the outer layer because of the porosity and the absence of lamellae. The tensile (from flexure tests) and compressive strengths were analyzed by means of Weibull statistics. The mean tensile (flexure) strength at probability of 50%, 80–105 MPa, is on the same order as the compressive strength (∼50–150 MPa) and the Weibull moduli vary from 3.0 to 7.6. These values are significantly lower than abalone nacre, in spite of having the same aragonite structure. The lower strength can be attributed to a smaller fraction of the organic interlayer. The fracture path in the specimens is dominated by the orientation of the domains and proceeds preferentially along lamella boundaries. It also correlates with the color changes in the cross section of the shell. The cracks tend to undergo a considerable change in orientation when the color changes abruptly. The distributions of strengths, cracking paths, and fracture surfaces indicate that the mechanical properties of the shell are anisotropic with a hierarchical nature.     

Progressive resistance training and dynamic alignment in osteoarthritis: A single-blind randomised controlled trial

Background

We hypothesised that high intensity progressive resistance training would improve lower limb dynamic alignment and function (lower knee adduction moment, increased muscle strength, and fewer knee osteoarthritis symptoms).

Methods

Women (n = 54) with osteoarthritis in at least one knee were randomised into a 6-month resistance training or a sham-exercise program. The primary outcomes were dynamic shank and knee adduction angles and knee adduction moment of the most symptomatic knee measured with quantitative gait analysis. Secondary outcomes were muscle strength, gait speed, and osteoarthritis symptoms.

Findings

Dynamic alignment and knee adduction moment did not change over time or between groups. Muscle strength improved in both groups over time, but significantly more in the resistance training group (P = 0.002). By contrast, gait velocity and pain improved over time (P ≤ 0.009) in both groups. Improvements in shank adduction angle were related to improvements in self-reported disability (r = 0.381, P = 0.015), but not to changes in muscle strength, gait velocity, or pain (all P > 0.05).

Interpretations

Although muscle strength improved significantly more in the PRT group, the hypothesised reduction in knee adduction moment, shank and knee adduction angles were not evident after either exercise modality. However, improvements in disability and shank adduction angle were significantly directly related. Initial alignment should be used to stratify this population into separate groups when designing future trials and alternative modes of training investigated to potentially enhance beneficial alterations in knee alignment.