小剂量溶栓结合PTA和支架治疗外周动脉慢性阻塞性病变

本文报告５例６支动脉阻塞经导管使用微量泵持续灌注尿激酶（５６，０００单位／小时）溶栓治疗，灌注时间５．５￣５８（平均２６）小时。阻塞位于髂外动脉２例，其中１例伴同侧股动脉阻塞；髂总和髂外动脉联合受累１例，Ｇｕｏ动脉１例；股Ｇｕｏ动脉１例。病程１￣２４（平均９．４）个月，阻塞长度８￣２５ｃｍ（平均１５．３ｃｍ），开通率达１００％。对溶栓后残存狭窄实施ＰＴＡ３例、血管内放置支架１例；随访２￣９（平均５     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of proximal subclavian artery occlusions

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a well-established treatment for patients with subclavian artery stenosis and brachial or cerebral symptoms. Its efficacy for treatment of subclavian occlusions, however, is not yet established. We attempted to recanalize the subclavian artery in 46 patients with proximal subclavian artery occlusion and were successful in 38 (83%). In two patients, residual stenosis, and in five patients, thrombotic material on the arterial wall required subsequent implantation of a self-expandable stent. Two additional patients were left with residual stenoses because stents were not available at that time. There were no cerebral or brachial complications. During a mean follow-up of 33 months, occlusion recurred in one patient after 3 months and stenosis recurred in five.     

第一代Matrix弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的安全性及中长期随访结果分析

目的分析第一代Matrix可吸收聚合物涂层弹簧圈(简称Matrix)治疗颅内动脉瘤的安全性,及中、长期随访结果的影响因素。方法回顾性研究,本中心2003年5月至2005年7月75例使用Matrix栓塞颅内动脉瘤患者(79枚动脉瘤)。其中造影复查患者34例(35枚动脉瘤),平均随访时间12.5个月。根据复查结果对年龄、性别、动脉瘤最大径、瘤颈宽度、使用支架辅助、Matrix长度比例进行COX模型分析。结果Matrix相关的手术并发症率为13.3%,使用Matrix术后动脉瘤总复发率为11.4%,辅助支架治疗的大型动脉瘤的复发率为40%,未致密栓塞的动脉瘤中61.1%发生进一步栓塞。无统计学结果可证明年龄、性别、动脉瘤最大径、瘤颈宽度、支架辅助、Matrix占栓塞弹簧圈长度比例等因素影响Matrix栓塞动脉瘤的中长期预后。结论Matrix治疗颅内动脉瘤安全、有效,结合支架辅助技术可能会降低大型动脉瘤的复发率。Matrix弹簧圈有促进动脉瘤愈合的倾向,建议尽可能改善动脉瘤的血流动力学状况,此举将有利于动脉瘤长期愈后。Matrix弹簧圈的长期确切效果有待进一步随访观察及进行大样本的随机对照研究。     

髂-股动脉阻塞性病变的介入治疗及临床疗效随访

目的 探讨动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变的介入治疗和临床疗效. 资料与方法 52例动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变患者行血管腔内成形术(PTA)/支架置入术,对其临床症状(按Fontaine分型和踝/肱指数)的变化进行随访. 结果 52例共计112支病变血管,74支进行PTA及支架置入术,24支仅行PTA,14支未行处理,共置入87枚支架,支架均成功置入于髂/股动脉内,技术成功率为100%.临床随访1～24月,Fontaine分型提高1、2和3级的例数分别是21、22和2例,5例无变化,1例下降1级(1例因1周后行膝下截肢术,不计入临床症状的随访);踝/肱指数术前为0.57±0.14,术后1、6、12和24个月分别为0.91±0.21、0.90±0.04、0.87±0.08和0.86±0.16,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 介入治疗动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,其近期临床疗效确切.     

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的金属内支架、TACE、PVC三联治疗

目的 探讨经皮穿肝门静脉内支架置入术和经皮穿刺门静脉化疗术(PVC)及经皮穿刺肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)三种方法 联合治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效. 资料与方法 动脉造影观察肝肿瘤血供和门静脉癌栓情况;经皮穿刺门静脉,在癌栓部位置入支架;再从门静脉和肝动脉内灌注化疗和抗肿瘤血管生长药物以及栓塞剂. 结果 本组12例中晚期患者,支架通畅时间2～22 月,中位通畅期5月.治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月、12个月以上生存率分别为91.7%(11/12)、83.3%(10/12)、50%(6/12)、25%(3/12). 结论 肝癌合并门静脉癌栓应用经皮穿肝门静脉内支架置入术、PVC术、TACE术是一种有效的联合治疗方法 .     

经皮经肝肝静脉成形术治疗肝静脉阻塞型Budd-Chiari综合征

目的探讨和评价经皮肝穿刺入路肝静脉腔内成形(percutaneous transhepatic recanalization and angioplasty of hepatic vein,PTRAHV)治疗肝静脉型Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)的可行性和中远期疗效。方法自1996年9月至2006年10月收治单纯肝静脉阻塞型及肝静脉阻塞伴有下腔静脉阻塞型BCS患者101例,在PTRAHV前后经导管测定患者肝静脉压力,观察围手术期并发症,并分别于术前、术后6个月彩超测量门静脉内径、平均流速和血流方向等,计算对比血流量,随访观察受干预血管的通畅率。结果技术成功率91.1%(92/101)。术中急性肝静脉血栓形成3例,术后发生肝穿刺道出血2例,肝包膜下血肿1例,肺栓塞1例,均经保守治疗痊愈,未发生致死性并发症。随访74例,术后6个月门静脉平均流速和血流量参数均高于术前(P<0.05);术后6个月、1年和2年的受干预血管的初始再通率分别为83.8%(62/74)、78.4%(58/74)和76.5%(39/51),其辅助再通率分别为94.6%(70/74)、91.9%(68/74)和84.3%(43/51)。结论采用PTRAHV技术治疗膜性或节段性肝静脉型BCS操作简单、安全、有效,其中远期效果令人满意。     

Distal Embolic Protection for Renal Arterial Interventions

Distal or embolic protection has intuitive appeal for its potential to prevent embolization of materials generated during interventional procedures. Distal protection devices (DPDs) have been most widely used in the coronary and carotid vascular beds, where they have demonstrated the ability to trap embolic materials and, in some cases, to reduce complications. Given the frequency of chronic kidney disease in patients with renal artery stenosis undergoing stent placement, it is reasonable to propose that these devices may play an important role in limiting distal embolization in the renal vasculature. Careful review of the literature reveals that atheroembolization does occur during renal arterial interventions, although it often goes undetected. Early experience with DPDs in the renal arteries in patients with suitable anatomy suggests retrieval of embolic materials in approximately 71% of cases and renal functional improvement/stabilization in 98% of cases. The combination of platelet inhibition and a DPD may provide even greater benefit. Given the critical importance of renal functional preservation, it follows that everything that can be done to prevent atheroembolism should be undertaken including the use of DPDs when anatomically feasible. The data available at this time support a beneficial role for these devices. Dr. Murphy has support as follows: supported by grants HL071556-01 and HL077221 from the National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute, and also received research grants from Boston Scientific, Guidant, Cordis, and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals.     

Management of malignant biliary obstruction: Technical and clinical results using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene fluorinated ethylene propylene (ePTFE/FEP)-covered metallic stent after 6-year experience

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-fluorinated ethylene-propylene (ePTFE/FEP)-covered metallic stent in the management of malignant biliary obstruction. Eighty consecutive patients with malignant common bile duct strictures were treated by placement of 83 covered metallic stents. The stent-graft consists of an inner ePTFE/FEP lining and an outer supporting structure of nitinol wire. Clinical evaluation, assessment of serum bilirubin and liver enzyme levels were analyzed before biliary drainage, before stent-graft placement and during the follow-up period at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Technical success was obtained in all cases. After a mean follow-up of 6.9±4.63 months, the 30-day mortality rate was 14.2%. Survival rates were 40% and 20.2% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Stent-graft patency rates were 95.5%, 92.6% and 85.7% at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Complications occurred in five patients (6.4%); among these, acute cholecystitis was observed in three patients (3.8%). A stent-graft occlusion rate of 9% was observed. The percentage of patients undergoing lifetime palliation (91%) and the midterm patency rate suggest that placement of this ePTFE/FEP-covered stent-graft is safe and highly effective in achieving biliary drainage in patients with malignant strictures of the common bile duct.     

Stent Fracture and Reocclusion After Placement of a Single Self-Expanding Stent in the Common Iliac Artery and Endovascular Treatment

We present a case of fracture of a single self-expanding stent placed in the common iliac artery (CIA). An 80-year-old woman underwent placement of a self-expanding stent for CIA occlusion. Stent fracture and reocclusion were detected after 18 months. Successful revascularization was achieved using a stent-in-stent maneuver. The possibility of stent fracture with reocclusion should be considered following treatment with a single self-expanding stent for CIA occlusion.     

颈动脉狭窄支架植入术55例

目的 介绍颈动脉支架植入术的基本方法,探讨该术式治疗颈动脉狭窄的理论和临床意义。方法 55例颈动脉狭窄患者行腔内成形、支架植入术,共放支架58个,其中Wallstent支架41个,Smart支架14个,OptiMed支架3个。18例患者应用脑保护装置。结果 术中2例患者出现较重卒中,其中l例术中出现左眼视野缺损,3个月后仍有残余症状,1例术中出现意识丧失、右侧肢体偏瘫,经救治神志恢复。2例出现轻度卒中。6例出现一过性血压降低、心动过缓,其后逐渐恢复。神经系统并发症发生率为6．9％,严重卒中为3．5％。循环系统并发症为10．3％。应用脑保护装置的患者没有神经系统并发症。结论 颈动脉支架植入术是治疗颈动脉狭窄的有效手段,在有经验的医生治疗下,操作是安全的。使用脑保护装置可明显减少神经系统并发症。