腹主动脉瘤支架置入术后处理

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤支架植入术后的处理方法,提高治疗效果,减少并发症的发生。方法收集我院自2011年4月至2014年2月收治的腹主动脉瘤患者38例,分为对照组和观察组,各19例。均采用支架置入术,术后对照组给予常规的护理治疗方式,观察组在常规护理治疗的基础上给予科学的康复干预处理。1个月后观察比较两组的疗效。结果对照组14例患者术后康复良好,康复率73.7%,4例患者出现较重并发症,1例患者病情加重死亡;观察组18例患者康复良好,康复率94.7%,1例出现较重并发症,无死亡病例。结论观察组患者康复率94.7%明显高于对照组康复率73.7%,并发症少于对照组,得出腹主动脉瘤支架置入术后,给予科学的康复干预处理,可以有效的提高患者康复率,减短康复时间,并发症少,值得临床推广和应用。     

冠状动脉支架置入术1年随访LDL-C控制及他汀使用情况:与新指南的距离

目的分析冠状动脉支架置入术后1年随访时低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)控制及他汀使用情况,并与新指南对照。方法入选2010年9月至2012年12月在解放军第三〇六医院心血管内科行冠状动脉支架置入术患者539例,随访1年,收集复查资料,包括LDL-C水平及生化指标以及他汀类药物使用情况。结果治疗1年后,按2004年ACC/AHA血脂指南LDL-C水平,达标373例(69.2%),未达标166例(30.8%)。按2013年ACC/AHA新指南评价,LDL-C水平达标195例(36.1%),未达标344例(63.9%)。两种标准评价是否一致Kappa值为-0.047,P=0.178,两种标准比较存在明显统计学差异。他汀类药物治疗以阿托伐他汀(n=247,10 mg~80 mg)和瑞舒伐他汀(n=147,5 mg~20 mg)为主,其他还包括辛伐他汀(n=139,25.7%,10 mg~40 mg),氟伐他汀(n=2,40 mg),普伐他汀(n=4,40mg)。根据新指南中他汀类药物治疗强度,本研究中低强度降脂治疗21例(4.0%),中等强度512例(94.9%),高强度6例(1.1%),43例联合普罗布考治疗。结论按2013年新指南,冠状动脉支架置入术后他汀治疗1年,随访时多数患者LDL-C不达标,新指南是否适合中国人群需要进一步研究。     

Occurrence of longitudinal stent compression before stent deployment: Two case studies

Several recent reports have described the occurrence of longitudinal stent deformation(LSD, defined as the distortion or shortening of a stent along the longitudinal axis), following its successful deployment. However, few reports have described LSD prior to any stent deployment. This previously unrecognized complication is the result of modifications to stent design. It has been noted that the new-generation stent platforms have a reduced number of connectors, which in turn causes a reduction in longitudinal stent strength. To corroborate previous findings by our lab and others(Vijayvergiya et al, 2013), we describe here two cases of LSD prior to stent deployment that occurred due to crushing of the proximal stent edge by the guide catheter while attempting to withdraw the crimped stent. In addition, we discuss the associated risk factors, such as the length of the stent, and specific management strategies, including technical guidelines and use of fluoroscopic guidance for maneuvering the stent during the procedure.     

Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架长期留置治疗输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄的初期临床经验及随访结果

目的: 总结长期留置Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架治疗根治性膀胱切除术后输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄的初期临床经验及随访结果。方法: 2018年9月至2019年9月在北京大学人民医院及北京市大兴区人民医院收治的8例(10侧)根治性膀胱切除术后输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄患者,均采用Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架长期留置的方式进行输尿管狭窄的治疗。收集患者术前肾脏B超下肾盂宽度评估肾积水、手术前后肌酐及尿素氮、围手术期是否出现全身感染等手术相关和支架管相关并发症。出院后第1、3、6、12个月和之后每年复查血肌酐、尿素氮、超声下肾盂宽度,并通过尿路造影及泌尿系腹部X线检查观察支架位置和形态有无变化。回顾患者的围手术期资料和随访资料,观察统计患者的支架长期通畅率、并发症发生率、肾功能变化和肾积水情况。使用t检验或者秩和检验比较术前-末次随访的配对样本计量资料。结果: 8例患者中有6例(7侧)输尿管-回肠流出道吻合口狭窄,2例(3侧)输尿管-回肠原位新膀胱吻合口狭窄。5例患者术前长期留置输尿管单J管,平均留置时间为(20.6±8.8)个月,平均更换频率为(3.6±1.3)个月/次。术前肾脏超声检查平均肾盂宽度为(26.5±9.1) mm。6例患者采用逆行置入方式成功留置Allium输尿管支架,2例患者采用双镜联合、顺逆行结合的方式成功置入支架;围手术期未出现手术相关并发症。患者平均随访9.8个月,所有患者在末次随访时均保持Allium支架和输尿管通畅,未进行过更换或移除;与术前相比,末次随访的平均肾盂宽度和平均尿素氮均显著降低[(26.5±9.1) mm vs. (13.4±2.5) mm,P=0.008;(11.6±2.3) mmol/L vs. (10.2±2.2) mmol/L,P=0.017)],而平均血肌酐和血红蛋白均无明显差异(P>0.05);未见输尿管再梗阻、支架管移位等支架管相关并发症。结论: Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架长期留置可用于治疗输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄,可以保持相对长期的通畅率,有助于保护肾功能,提高患者生活质量。     

Combining Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Therapy (Triple Therapy): What Are the Risks and Benefits?

Most patients with mechanical heart valves and many patients with atrial fibrillation will require long-term anticoagulation therapy. For patients with mechanical prosthetic valves, only warfarin is indicated. However, for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who are at increased risk for embolic stroke, one of the newer antithrombotic medications, such as rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban, also can be used. Patients with indications for antithrombotic therapy often will have coexisting vascular disease, such as coronary artery disease, requiring concomitant antiplatelet therapy with aspirin alone or more commonly with a dual antiplatelet regimen, aspirin and clopidogrel, or prasugrel or ticagrelor. The risks and benefits of this approach are still not well defined, and current guidelines have included recommendations based primarily on expert opinion.     

Evaluation of the efficacy of a prosthodontic stent in determining the position of dental implants

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a dual purpose (diagnostic and surgical) acrylic resin stent with gutta percha marker used in conjunction with 3D imaging in determination of the position and inclination of dental implants. Materials and Methods: This study was performed as a case control study. A total of 41 implants, of which 20 had been placed without the use of stents and 3D imaging (control group) and 21 were placed using stents and 3D imaging (study group), were studied. A diagnostic and surgical stent with radio‐opaque indicator (gutta percha) was fabricated to determine the planned prosthetic position and inclination of the implant. Computed tomography images were obtained and were analyzed using Denta Scan software. The position of the implant was analyzed in mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions in terms of both position and angulation. SPSS v15.0 was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: The study group demonstrated an overall 98.9% efficacy of the test technique being used in the study. On qualitative assessment, the results obtained were within the defined ideal threshold level for four of five parameters (distance from buccal and lingual cortical plate, inter‐implant distance, and buccolingual angulation of the implant relative to underlying alveolar bone). For mesiodistal distance from adjacent teeth, the observation was not above threshold value for only one case. For the control group, the overall efficacy was 66.9%. Conclusion: The technique of combined use of a prosthodontic stent and 3D imaging is an efficacious and better technique in achieving an ideal position of dental implants as compared to conventional techniques using periapical and panoramic radiographs and a cast.     

支架治疗介入栓塞术后复发颅内动脉瘤的回顾性研究

目的 评价支架治疗介入栓塞后复发颅内动脉瘤的可行性、安全性和有效性。
方法 回顾性分析第二军医大学附属长海医院神经外科2006年6月～2013年3月应用支架治疗的介入栓塞术后复发颅内动脉瘤病例,共83例患者、83枚复发动脉瘤。对患者的临床、影像学资料、治疗方案、治疗结果、并发症及预后等进行分析。
结果 所有83例患者共应用93枚支架,支架植入顺利,技术成功率100%。动脉瘤即刻治疗结果,33例单纯支架植入术的病例中,18例（54.5%）术后即刻动脉瘤内造影剂滞留,15例（45.5%）单纯支架植入术后即刻数字减影血管造影（digital substraction angiography,DSA）同术前相比无明显改变。支架结合弹簧圈治疗的50例患者中,按Raymond分级,Ⅰ级11例（22.0%）,Ⅱ级21例（42.0%）,Ⅲ级18例（36.0%）,载瘤动脉均保持通畅。共发生与支架植入术相关并发症2例（2.4%）,均为脑血管痉挛,给予动脉灌注罂粟碱后好转,出院时无神经功能损害。出院时改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分：0～2分82例（98.8%）,3分1例（1.2%）。影像学随访50例（60.2%）患者,随访时间2～52个月,中位随访时间11个月。单纯支架植入随访20例结果显示：致密栓塞14例（70.0%）,动脉瘤内进一步血栓形成3例（15.0%）,动脉瘤稳定3例（15.0%）。支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞30例随访结果为：致密栓塞20例（66.7%）,进一步血栓形成3例（10.0%）,稳定3例（10.0%）,小复发2例（6.7%）,大复发1例（3.3%）,再次破裂出血1例（3.3%）。所有患者均获临床随访,随访时间2～82个月,中位随访时间30个月,除发生再出血的患者接受再次治疗并痊愈外,均无新发神经功能缺损。
结论 颅内支架治疗颅内复发动脉瘤技术上可行,安全性高,结果满意,但长期疗效仍有待进一步随访。     

Temporary Semi-Jailing Technique for Coil Embolization of Wide-Neck Aneurysm with Small Caliber Parent Artery Following Incomplete Clipping

The authors describe the use of a self-expandable stent in a temporary deployment for treatment of a very wide-neck A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm following incomplete clipping. A 39-year-old hypertensive man presenting with seizure-like movement underwent computed tomography, which showed acute subarachnoid hemorrhage and an A1 segment of ACA aneurysm with superior and inferior projection. He underwent surgical clipping of the aneurysm, but superior and posterior portion of wide-neck aneurysm remained. We decided to treat the remnant aneurysm using an endovascular modality. After selection of the aneurysm, coil packing was performed assisted by the temporary semi-jailing technique. The Enterprise stent (Cordis Neurovascular, Miami, FL, USA) was deployed and recaptured repeatedly for angiography to ensure safety of the small caliber parent artery. Successful semi-deployment and recapture of the stent allowed subtotal coil occlusion of the aneurysm with good anatomic and clinical results. No complications were encountered. The stent could be recaptured up to the point where the proximal end of the stent marker was aligned with distal marker band of the microcatheter, approximately 70% of the stent length. The temporary semi-jailing technique is feasible for wide-neck aneurysm with small caliber parent artery.     

Endovascular repair of the aortic arch in pigs by improved double-branched stent grafts

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of total endovascular repair of the aortic arch in pigs using improved integrated double-branched stent grafts.

Methods

Improved self-expandable stent grafts with a main body and two integrated branches were prepared for the repair of the aortic arch in six pigs. The feasibility of using these stent grafts was evaluated with arteriography, computed tomography (CT), computed tomography angiography (CTA) and autopsy three months following the procedure.

Results

The double-branched stent grafts were placed successfully in the aortic arch in all six pigs. All pigs survived for at least three months and their biological behaviour was normal. Arteriography, CTA and animal necropsy revealed good fixation in all cases. Aortic valve function and coronary ostia remained intact, and CT of the head did not detect any lesion of cerebral infarction.

Conclusions

Endovascular repair of the aortic arch with an integrated double-branched stent graft is safe and feasible in animal studies.