Diagnostic d’une thrombocytémie essentielle après infarctus du myocarde compliqué d’arrêt cardio-circulatoire : un cas clinique

Acute coronary syndrome is now a well-known disease, with codified treatments. The main presentation is chest pain, but more and more cases are revealed by cardiorespiratory arrest thanks to pre-hospital care. And, depending on the evolution in such situations, cardiocirculatory support techniques like extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be implemented. If the more common cause of SCA is atherosclerosis, consequence of the combination of one or more cardiovascular risk factors, there are rare aetiologies, which include myeloproliferative syndromes, in particular essential thrombocythemia. We describe the case of a 34-year-old man presenting with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by an initial cardiac arrest, whose aetiology is unknown essential thrombocythemia, and its therapeutic management requiring circulatory support by ECMO and IMPELLA^® techniques.     

Comparison of the Efficacy of Drug-eluting Stents Versus Bare-metal Stents for the Treatment of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

Background:

Recent studies reported that percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation was safe and feasible for the treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease in select patients. However, it is unclear whether drug-eluting stents (DESs) have better outcomes in patients with LMCA disease compared with bare-metal stent (BMS) during long-term follow-up in Chinese populations.

Methods:

From a perspective multicenter registry, 1136 consecutive patients, who underwent BMS or DES implantation for unprotected LMCA stenosis, were divided into two groups: 1007 underwent DES implantation, and 129 underwent BMS implantation. The primary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 5 years postimplantation.

Results:

Patients in the DES group were older and more likely to have hyperlipidemia and bifurcation lesions. They had smaller vessels and longer lesions than patients in the BMS group. In the adjusted cohort of patients, the DES group had significantly lower 5 years rates of MACE (19.4% vs. 31.8%, P = 0.022), CV death (7.0% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.045), and MI (5.4% vs. 12.4%, P = 0.049) than the BMS group. There were no significant differences in the rate of TLR (10.9% vs. 17.8%, P = 0.110) and stent thrombosis (4.7% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.758). The rates of MACE (80.6% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.023), CV death (93.0% vs. 85.3%, P = 0.045), TLR (84.5% vs. 72.1%, P = 0.014), and MI (89.9% vs. 80.6%, P = 0.029) free survival were significantly higher in the DES group than in the BMS group. When the propensity score was included as a covariate in the Cox model, the adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of CV death and MI were 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.63, P = 0.029) and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.08–0.92, P = 0.037), respectively.

Conclusions:

DES implantation was associated with more favorable clinical outcomes than BMS implantation for the treatment of LMCA disease even though there was no significant difference in the rate of TLR between the two groups.     

Stent thrombosis following bare-metal stent implantation: success of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention and predictors of adverse outcome.

AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and outcome of emergency percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with stent thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2003, 6058 patients underwent bare-metal stent implantation, of which 95 (1.6%) patients suffered from stent thrombosis. The timing of stent thrombosis was acute in 10 (11%), subacute in 61 (64%), and late in 24 (25%) patients. Procedural and clinical outcomes of emergency PCI for treatment of stent thrombosis were investigated. Emergency PCI was successful in 86 (91%), complicated by death in 2 (2%), and coronary artery bypass grafting in 2 (2%) patients. Myocardial infarction occurred in 77 (81%) patients with a peak creatine kinase level of 1466+/-1570 U/L. Left ventricular ejection fraction declined from 0.54+/-0.19 prior to 0.48+/-0.16 (P<0.05) at the time of stent thrombosis after emergency PCI. A 6 month major adverse clinical events comprised death (11%), reinfarction (16%), and recurrent stent thrombosis (12%) after emergency PCI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the achievement of TIMI 3 flow (OR=0.1, CI 95% 0.01-0.54, P<0.001) and diameter stenosis <50% (OR=0.06, CI 95% 0.01-0.32, P<0.001) during emergency PCI to be independently associated with a reduced risk of cardiac death. Recurrent stent thrombosis was independently predicted by the omission of abciximab (OR=4.3, CI 95% 1.1-17.5). CONCLUSION: Emergency PCI for treatment of stent thrombosis effectively restores vessel patency and flow. Patients presenting with stent thrombosis are at risk for recurrent myocardial infarction and recurrent stent thrombosis.     

置入铜丝缠绕型支架制作猪急性心肌梗死模型

目的探讨在猪冠状动脉内置入铜丝缠绕型支架制作急性心肌梗死模型的可行性,建立一种新的急性心肌梗死模型方法。方法16头中国实验用小型猪经股动脉穿刺,在前降支置入自制的铜丝缠绕型支架。1周内观察心肌肌钙蛋白I、心电图、心脏超声和冠状动脉造影。然后处死取出心脏,取目标冠状动脉和心肌,做病理学检查。结果16头小型猪均发生了心肌梗死。梗死发生后死亡2头,其中1头在术后8 h猝死,1头在术后1周冠状动脉造影复查时死于麻醉中;其余14头均存活在1周以上,完成复查,总的成功率为87.5%。结论该模型制作具有操作简单、创伤小、成本低、死亡率低、成功率高等诸多优点,可作为较好的实验研究动物模型。     

脑供血动脉支架患者围手术期并发症的临床分析及对策

目的：分析脑血管支架手术相关并发症发生的原因并寻找对策。方法选择脑供血动脉支架置入术患者224例（248枚）。分析围手术期相关并发症的发生情况。结果224例脑血管支架患者出现并发症19例（8.2%）。其中死亡4例（1.8%）、轻度残疾2例（0.8%）、无后遗症13例（5.8%）。颅外动脉支架14枚,颅内动脉支架7枚。颅外支架并发症远高于颅内支架;颅内支架（42.8%）严重并发症高于颅外支架（7.1%）。合并糖尿病或高血压是支架术后并发症的危险因素。前4年和后4年的手术并发症发病率分别为11.7%、5.38%,差异有统计学意义。结论锁骨下动脉支架、椎动脉起始部支架是相对安全的手术;颅内动脉支架、颈内动脉起始部支架风险性较高。严格的手术适应证及禁忌证、临床医师的操作技术与经验是影响脑动脉支架并发症发生的重要因素。     

地尔硫卓在颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术中的应用

目的：对比分析地尔硫卓和尼莫通在颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术中、术后预防和治疗血管痉挛以及对血压调控的疗效。方法：选择2013年3月至2014年12月间经全脑血管造影后明确颅内动脉狭窄的缺血性脑血管病,需进行支架置入术治疗的患者84例,按照随机分配的原则分为地尔硫卓组和尼莫通组,术中及术后24 h给予上述两种药物微量泵入,术中若出现血管痉挛,地尔硫卓组给予微导管注射地尔硫卓缓解痉挛,而尼莫通组则加大尼莫通泵入量,若术中出现血压升高,地尔硫卓组给予静脉注射地尔硫卓,尼莫通组给予加大尼莫通泵入量。记录两组药物对于血管痉挛的预防效果,以及出现血管痉挛后的治疗效果及痉挛缓解的时间,出现血压升高后,两组的降压效果及血压下降的时间,以及药物的不良反应。术前始至术后24 h给予持续心电、血压、血氧监测。结果：两组患者在预防血管痉挛方面差异无统计学意义,但在术中出现血管痉挛及血压升高时,地尔硫卓组在解除血管痉挛及降压效果及时间方面优于尼莫通组。结论：地尔硫卓可用于颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术中及术后预防血管痉挛。地尔硫卓在术中解除血管痉挛及迅速控制血压方面疗效优于尼莫通组。     

安置肠梗阻导管与支架治疗梗阻性结直肠癌的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析评价术前安置肠梗阻导管与支架治疗梗阻性结直肠癌的便捷性与有效性。 方法利用PubMed、The Cochrane Library、FMRS、维普数据库、万方数据库和中国知网数据库,检索时间均为从数据库建库至2020年3月,利用RevMan5.3软件对两种治疗方法的便捷性和有效性指标进行Meta分析。 结果最终纳入17篇随机对照研究文献,共1 136例患者。其中导管组566例,支架组570例。导管组安置时间、安置费用、安置成功率均优于支架组,差异有统计学意义（Z=28.70,4.66,3.22;P<0.05）;支架组腹痛腹胀缓解时间、肠道准备时间、住院时间均优于导管组,差异有统计学意义（Z=4.15,2.31,2.92;P<0.05）。两组安置前后肠管内径减小差异、安置后手术并发症比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。腹痛腹胀缓解时间的漏斗图提示无发表偏倚（P=0.075）。 结论现有证据表明,安置肠梗阻导管较支架在梗阻性结直肠癌的治疗过程中,具有经济、快捷和高成功率优势,但缓解腹痛腹胀较慢、术前肠道准备时间和住院时间更久。     

Giant stentolith: A rare complication of long-dwelling biliary endoprosthesis

Endoscopic biliary stenting is performed for various indications in routine clinical practice. Plastic stents are indicated primarily for short-term biliary decompression and require removal or exchange after 12–16 weeks. However, patients who become asymptomatic after the procedure may not return for scheduled stent removal and subsequently present with severe complications. We herein present the case of a 57-year-old female who underwent biliary stenting after the endoscopic clearance of bile duct stones. Her symptoms resolved after the intervention, but she was lost to follow-up with the stent remaining in situ. Four years later, she presented with pain in the right hypochondrium and experienced recurrent episodes of cholangitis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a retained plastic stent in the proximal bile duct with a large stone cast around the stent—a stentolith. Owing to the large stone size and proximal migration of the retained biliary stent, the patient required open surgical exploration for stentolith removal. Patients with forgotten biliary stents presenting with serious complications are not uncommon in India. Unaware of the complications of long-dwelling biliary stents, patients ignore the advice for the timely removal of biliary stents. Detailed patient counselling, education and documentation are essential to avoid this condition.     

Difficult removal of fully covered Self Expandable Metal Stents (SEMS) for benign biliary strictures: The “SEMS in SEMS” technique

BackgroundRemoval of biliary Fully Covered Self Expandable Metal Stents can fail due to stent migration and/or hyperplastic ingrowth/overgrowth.MethodsA case series of 5 patients with benign biliary strictures (2 post-cholecystectomy, 2 following liver transplantation and 1 related to chronic pancreatitis) is reported. The biliary stricture was treated by temporary insertion of Fully Covered Self Expandable Metal Stents. Stent removal failed due to proximal stent migration and/or overgrowth. Metal stent removal was attempted a few weeks after the insertion of another Fully Covered Metal Stent into the first one.ResultsThe inner Fully Covered Self Expandable Metal Stent compressed the hyperplastic tissue, leading to the extraction of both the stents in all cases. Two complications were reported as a result of the attempt to stents removal (mild pancreatitis and self-limited haemobilia).ConclusionIn the present series, the “SEMS in SEMS” technique revealed to be effective when difficulties are encountered during Fully Covered Self Expandable Metal Stents removal.