介入治疗颅内前循环动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床疗效

目的探讨介入治疗与药物治疗颅内前循环动脉狭窄的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析重度前循环颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄而导致的脑梗死或短暂性脑缺血发作患者166例的临床资料,根据患者治疗方法分为介入组（81例）和药物组（85例）。比较两组患者随访期间累积主要终点事件和次要终点事件发生率。结果两组主要终点事件累积发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。不考虑围手术期并发症,以30 d后责任血管同侧缺血性脑血管事件作为次要终点事件,随访3年时两组累积发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论介入治疗重度颅内前循环动脉狭窄对30 d后责任血管同侧缺血性脑卒中的预防作用更优于单纯药物治疗,介入治疗的围手术期并发症仍然是限制其临床推广的主要因素。     

Management of Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis

With increased life expectancy and aging of the population, aortic stenosis is now one of the most common valvular heart diseases. Early recognition and management of aortic stenosis are of paramount importance because untreated symptomatic severe disease is universally fatal. The advent of transcather aortic valve replacement technologies provides exciting avenues of care to patients with this disease in whom traditional surgical procedures could not be performed or were associated with high risk. This review for clinicians offers an overview of aortic stenosis and updated information on the current status of various treatment strategies. An electronic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus was performed from conception July 1, 2016, through November 30, 2017, using the terms aortic stenosis, aortic valve replacement, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), transcatheter aortic valve insertion (TAVI), surgical aortic valve replacement, aortic stenosis flow-gradient patterns, low-flow aortic valve stenosis, natural history, stress testing, pathophysiology, bicuspid aortic valve, and congenital aortic valve disease.     

脑梗死患者颅内血管狭窄的危险因素分析

目的分析脑梗死患者颅内血管狭窄的危险因素。方法对186例脑梗死患者行经颅多普勒超声检查,检测血尿酸和血脂包括总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯。结果血管狭窄组患者总胆固醇(5.04±1.23 mmol/L)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(2.99±1.01 mmol/L)均显著高于无狭窄组患者(分别为4.60±1.12 mmol/L和2.59±0.69 mmol/L,P<0.05);Pearson相关分析表明,颅内血管峡窄与高血压史(r=0.206,P=0.005)、糖尿病史(r=0.238,P=0.001)、总胆固醇(r=0.181,P=0.016)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.227,P=0.003)及尿酸(r=0.132,P=0.016)相关;Logistic回归分析表明,高血压、糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸进入回归方程,它们对颅内血管狭窄的OR值分别为2.345、2.554、1.764和1.006(P<0.05)。结论除高血压和糖尿病外,尿酸和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇亦是脑梗死患者颅内血管狭窄形成的独立危险因素。     

低频高能量超声消融冠状动脉内粥样斑块的疗效观察

评价血管内低频高能量超声对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的消融作用。将 3 0例冠状动脉血管狭窄≥ 75 %的冠心病患者分为超声消融组及经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组 ,测量消融及冠状动脉球囊成形术前后靶血管的狭窄程度变化 ,检测手术前后心肌型肌酸激酶、心电图ST段及运动试验的改变。结果发现 ,术前二组病变血管狭窄程度无明显差异 ( 85 .8%± 5 .4%比 84.6%± 5 .5 % ,P <0 .0 5 )。超声组消融后狭窄为 43 .0 %± 15 .5 % ,较术前狭窄降低 43 .5 %± 17.8% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,5例消融后残余狭窄 <3 0 %。消融术后患者ST段均明显上移 ,运动试验指标与术前比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,术后各时相点心肌型肌酸激酶与术前比较无明显变化。经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组术后狭窄较术前明显降低 ( 2 0 .9%± 2 .9%比 84.6%± 5 .5 % ,P <0 .0 1) ,与超声组比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。超声组与经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组术后运动试验结果无显著差异。结果提示 ,低频高能量超声能有效地裂解粥样硬化斑块 ,降低斑块所致冠状动脉的狭窄程度 ,是恢复冠状动脉血流的又一有效手段     

Tracheal Stenosis after Tracheostomy

INTRODUCTIONTracheal stenosis is a late and usually non-life threatening complication of surgical and percutaneous tracheostomies (PDT) as well as delayed endotracheal extubation.METHODSWe undertook a retrospective review of all patients who underwent a surgical tracheostomy over a 10 year period. Patients were included in the study if they had CT or MRI imaging of the tracheostomy site both pre-operatively and six or more weeks post operatively. Patients whose imaging was not available were excluded (n = 3) as were those patients who still had a tracheostomy in situ (n = 8). In total 91 patients were included in the study. In the same period 1170 surgical tracheostomies were performed by the maxillofacial surgeons. The images were analysed by a radiologist and the degree of stenosis reported.RESULTSAll 91 patients underwent a tracheostomy with a window. 83 patients did not demonstrate any stenosis. Looking at the remaining 8 patients with stenosis: 6 patients had stenosis of less than 25%, 1 patient had stenosis between 25-50% and 1 patient had stenosis greater than 50%. Both patients with stenosis greater than 25% had more than one surgical tracheostomy.CONCULSIONWe have shown that the risk of stenosis is 8.8%, lower than often quoted in literature, and when it occurs it is likely to be symptomatic only in severe stenosis. Our main risk of stenosis was repeat surgical tracheostomies which also seems to be linked to a greater degree of stenosis.     

Biomarkers for the Prediction and Diagnosis of Fibrostenosing Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review

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脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2基因R92H多态性与汉族人群冠心病易感性的关系

目的探讨脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2基因R92H多态性与冠心病遗传易感性及冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法采用单荧光标记探针技术检测261例冠心病患者及263例正常人脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2基因R92H多态性。结果冠心病组RH基因型和H等位基因频率显著高于对照组(P<0.05和<0.01)。RH基因型、H等位基因人群冠心病风险增高(P均<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,R92H多态性是冠心病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。冠心病组中RH和HH基因型者总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高于RR基因型者(P<0.05和<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著低于RR基因型者(P<0.05)。冠心病组中,RH和HH基因型者多支血管病变率比RR基因型者明显升高(P<0.05)。结论脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2基因R92H多态性与中国汉族人群冠心病相关,携带RH、HH基因型人群发生冠心病风险较高,且与更严重的冠状动脉病变有关。     

经胸冠状动脉超声血流动力学参数评价冠状动脉狭窄程度

目的 探讨经胸冠状动脉超声(TTE)血流动力学参数评估冠状动脉狭窄程度的价值。方法 回顾性分析56例可疑冠心病患者的影像资料。测量冠状动脉正常组(无狭窄)、轻度狭窄组(狭窄率<50%)、中度狭窄组(狭窄率50%~69%)及重度狭窄组(狭窄率70%~99%)狭窄处TTE舒张期峰值流速(PDV),其远端最慢处流速(PDV_DIS)及流速比值(PDV/PDV_DIS)。并进行统计学分析。结果 TTE显示良好彩色血流的血管分支共113支;以CAG为金标准,其中冠状动脉正常组18支,轻度狭窄组19支,中度狭窄组30支,重度狭窄组46支。轻度狭窄组PDV、PDV/PDV_DIS与冠状动脉正常组差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。中度狭窄组PDV、PDV/PDV_DIS高于冠状动脉正常组(t=5.13、7.11)和轻度狭窄组(t=4.45、6.59),重度狭窄组PDV、PDV/PDV_DIS高于冠状动脉正常组(t=10.63、11.43)、轻度狭窄组(t=10.06、11.04)和中度狭窄组(t=7.07、5.17),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。PDV、PDV/PDV_DIS与狭窄率呈正相关(r=0.82、0.87,P<0.01)。诊断冠状动脉中、重度狭窄时,PDV阈值分别为40.48、58.52 cm/s,敏感度分别为86.67%、86.96%,特异度分别为86.49%、92.54%;PDV/PDV_DIS阈值分别为1.44、1.98,敏感度分别为90.00%、82.61%,特异度分别为97.30%、89.55%。结论 冠状动脉狭窄率与TTE血流动力学参数有关,PDV及PDV/PDV_DIS可用以评价冠状动脉狭窄程度。     

经皮椎间孔镜下TESSYS技术治疗腰椎椎间孔狭窄的早期临床疗效观察

目的 探讨经皮椎间孔镜下TESSYS技术治疗腰椎椎间孔狭窄引发腰腿痛的短期疗效.方法 选取2012年3月至2014年9月本院收治腰椎椎间孔处狭窄的患者30例,均选择经皮椎间孔镜下TESSYS技术治疗.术前、术后及末次随访时应用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估疼痛程度,应用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评估腰椎功能改善情况.结果 术前及末次随访评分的比较所有患者术中即感觉症状明显缓解.VAS评分由术前(8.13±1.21)分减少至(2.81±1.49)分,JOA评分由术前(10.77±4.21)分升高至(26.30±3.55)分.结论 TESSYS技术治疗腰椎椎间孔处狭窄,有安全性高,具有手术时间短、出血少、并发症少、患者易接受等优点.