人工心肺机血液泵监测系统的研制

为避免人工心肺机血液泵转速失控现像的发生，特研制人工心肺机监测系统，通过对血泵转速的实时监测，判断系统是否正常，自动进行相应的处理，提高现有系统的安全性。     

Zero-Order Release Formulation of Oxprenolol Hydrochloride with Swelling and Erosion Control

Zero-order release of oxprenolol hydrochloride was obtained by controlling the swelling and erosion of the matrix. This formulation involves only mixing of drug, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC) at the ratio of 1:0.4:1.6, respectively, and compressing the mixture directly into tablets. The in vitro release pattern from this optimized matrix tablet was reproducible. Accelerated stability studies revealed that the optimized formulation remains stable for an approximately 2-year shelf life. This sustained-release (SR) tablet was evaluated in dogs, and for comparison a conventional (CV) formulation was also given at the same dose level. Plasma oxprenolol levels were monitored by a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e., lower C _max, higher values of t _max, MRT, AUC, and plasma concentration at 24 hr, and nearly constant plasma levels over 12 hr, indicated that the SR matrix tablet is superior to the CV rapid-releasing formulation. The in vitro release parameters and in vivo pharmacokinetics correlated well.     

Inadequate dietary magnesium intake increases atherosclerotic plaque development in rabbits

Epidemiological studies have shown dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and serum Mg levels to be inversely correlated with the development of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that low levels of Mg would promote atherosclerotic plaque development in rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits (4 months old, n = 22) were fed an atherogenic diet containing 0.12% (−Mg), 0.27% (control), or 0.43% (+Mg) Mg for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks and were assayed for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL, triglycerides (TG), C-reactive protein, serum Mg, and erythrocyte Mg. Aortas from −Mg had significantly more plaque, with an intima thickness 42% greater than control and 36% greater than +Mg. Serum cholesterol levels rose over time, and at 8 weeks, −Mg had the highest and +Mg the lowest total and non-HDL cholesterol and TG levels, although these results did not reach significance. Over time, serum Mg levels increased, and erythrocyte Mg levels decreased. C-reactive protein significantly increased in all groups at 4 and 6 weeks but returned to baseline levels by 8 weeks. This study supports the hypothesis that inadequate intake of Mg results in an increase in atherosclerotic plaque development in rabbits.     

儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的手术治疗

目的:通过研究火器伤所致骨折患者的治疗及预后情况,探讨如何选择合理方法对其进行及时有效的治疗。方法:对25例火器伤所致骨折患者的治疗及预后情况进行回顾性总结分析,其中男18例,女7例;平均年龄36.2岁。骨折的部位为股骨骨折9例,胫骨骨折7例,肱骨骨折2例,骨盆骨折2例,锁骨骨折1例,椎体骨折1例,尺、桡骨骨折1例,髋关节骨折1例与膝关节损伤1例。骨折类型为未移位1例,移位2例,粉碎性10例,粉碎且移位6例,骨缺损6例。19例接受了骨科手术治疗,其他6例接受了清创治疗。10例采用外固定架固定,7例行内固定,4例行管形石膏固定,2例骨盆与髋臼骨折采用牵引治疗,2例锁骨骨折应用锁骨带治疗。结果:25例患者获得了平均4.2年的随访,18例骨折Ⅰ期愈合,6例需后期手术促进骨折愈合,1例截肢。有5例需要后期手术覆盖创面。大的并发症包括2例骨不连,4例延迟愈合,3例周围神经功能受损。结论:骨折固定方法的选择与骨移植是治疗火器伤所致的骨折与骨缺损的一项很有效的方法。     

小鼠肾组织体外培养的研究

目的通过观察胚龄12、14、16天胎鼠和生后1天的仔鼠的后肾组织体外培养的存活发育情况,与同期在体比较,建立能模拟体内生存环境稳定的肾组织培养模型。方法采用体外培养倒置显微镜观察,光镜连续切片技术结合体视学定量分析方法,观察、检测培养后肾组织的存活情况以及培养前后肾脏皮质的发育状况。结果对同一胚（日）龄小鼠后肾组织随培养时间逐渐发育,直至成熟;且随胚（日）龄的增加,肾组织块存活比率逐渐下降,肾脏皮质的发育呈下降趋势。结论小鼠后肾组织体外培养胚（日）龄越小其存活发育情况越好,E12天取材培养的肾组织与在体发育一致,利用微孔膜肾组织培养是一种简便有效的神经组织体外培养方法。     

Postembryonic development of tapeworms — source of novel phylogenetic characters for analysis of cestode evolution: comparative TEM studies

Summary Ultrastructural features of juvenile cestodes (metacestodes) can provide useful characters for phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. Until now, however, they have been relatively little utilised (Beveridge 2001, Chervy 2002). The postembryonic development and structure of fully formed metacestodes were examined in two cyclophyllideans: Taenia parva Baer, 1926 (Taeniidae); and Sobolevitaenia verulamii (Mettrick, 1958) Korniushin, 1972 (Dilepididae). In T. parva, three developmental stages were recognized: (1) an early stage of exogenous budding at the surface of the central vesicle; (2) a stage of polycephalic cyst development accompanied by segmentation of the growing metacestode strobila and an obvious decrease in the size of the central vesicle; (3) a fully formed metacestode of the strobilocercus type with 14–24 invaginated scoleces. The tegument, scolex, subtegumental musculature of the strobilar segments, protonephridial system, calcareous corpuscles and medullary parenchyma of larvae exhibit general similarity to the same structures in adults at both LM and TEM levels. The morphogenesis of the metacestode of T. parva is compared with that of polycephalic metacestodes of other Taenia spp. (T. krepkogorski, T. twitchelli and T. endothoracica) and with other asexually multiplying metacestodes (Mesocestoides vogae, hymenolepidids and dilepidids). In S. verulamii, the body of the cysticercoid with invaginated scolex armed with a double crown of rostellar hooks was completely surrounded by the cercomer, which appears to be separated from the cyst and scolex. The surface of the suckers is covered with a thick layer of glycocalyx. Five cell types were distinguished in the sections: (1) perikarya of metacestode tegument; (2) glycolgen-storing parenchymal cells; (3) glandular-type cells with large, electron-dense secretory-like granules; (4) flame cells; and (5) calcareous corpuscle-forming cells. The surface of the cercomer is covered by elongated microvilli, which evidently differ from characteristic microtriches covering all other parts of the metacestode surface. The ultrastructure of S. verulamii evidently differs from that of the other dilepidid cestode examined to date, Lateriporus geographicus, the cyst wall of which more resembles cysticercoids of Hymenolepididae than those of Dilepididae. Concluding remarks: Ultrastructural studies on metacestodes have considerable promise for providing important new characters for phylogenetic analysis. New TEM data on a great variety of cestode species are urgently needed. Until now, this field has not been exploited in a systematic fashion. Until more comprehensive studies become available, the current data are not yet amenable to analysis.     

Lucian Leape on Patient Safety in U.S. Hospitals

PURPOSE: To describe and discuss the status of patient safety in U.S. hospitals. METHODS: Personal interview. This report is part of a series of discussions with a leading expert on patient safety. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Some improvements have been made in the past 10 years. But changes have not been adequate. Continuing barriers include the punitive environment in hospitals, physicians' denial of the scope of the problem, lack of national leadership, and lack of systems thinking.     

援外针灸临床综述(二)

介绍我国援外医疗队在 3 6个国家以 17种治疗方法为主治疗 40多种病的概况。