单孔局麻胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜粘连术治疗气胸

目的评价在单孔局麻气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸安全性和临床效果。方法回顾分析江西省胸科医院2009年7月至2011年7月,经单孔局麻气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸20例。临床资料:其中男17例,女3例,患者持续漏气7d以上,或反复发作,肺功能差或者合并哮喘等基础疾病不能耐受手术。采用冲洗器和引流管制成的简易装置向胸腔内喷洒5g医用滑石粉,气管镜下观察到滑石粉在胸膜腔内均匀分布,置28F胸管引流直至无漏气,术后复查胸片观察肺复张情况。结果20例患者中17例治愈,13例胸痛,9例发热,3例皮下气肿,3例持续漏气,拔管中位时间为5d(3d-8d),在随访期间(18-42个月)[中位时间36个月]无复发。无重大并发症发生。结论单孔局麻支气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸是一项安全、有效、费用低廉的治疗方法,不仅可以治疗这类气胸,还可以预防气胸复发。     

Effect of Muscle Relaxants on Short-term Results of Exotropia Surgery: A Focus on Resection Procedures

Purpose

We investigated the effect of muscle relaxants (atracurium) on the outcomes of intermittent exotropia surgery under general anesthesia, with a focus on resection procedures.

Methods

Thirty four patients who underwent recession and resection (R&R) were divided into two groups: atracurium usage (group A, n=18) and no atracurium usage (group B, n=16). Patients were divided into two subgroups according to the amount of resection of the medial rectus (MR): less than 5 mm (group 1, n=13) or 5 mm and greater (group 2, n=21). Deviation angles were compared between groups and subgroups. Surgical outcome was defined as successful if distant deviation angles were equal to or less than 10 prism diopters.

Results

The overall postoperative deviation angles did not show statistically significant differences between groups A and B. However, in patients with larger MR resections (≥ 5 mm), the 1 week postoperative distant deviation was significantly larger in group A (1.8±2.6 PD) than in group B (-1.6±4.6 PD, p=0.048 by t-test). The overall undercorrection rate at 3 months postoperatively for group A was 16.7%, which was higher than that of group B (6.3%), and the difference was even larger in subgroups with larger MR resections (≥ 5 mm): 18.2% in group A and 0% in group B.

Conclusions

Patients who underwent R&R procedures under general anesthesia with a muscle relaxant tended to be less corrected than those without muscle relaxant, especially in the early postoperative period and with a larger MR resection equal to or greater than 5 mm. However, there was no significant difference in the later postoperative period.     

氯胺酮在高危产妇剖宫产术全麻中对新生儿呼吸的影响

目的:研究氯胺酮在合并有并发症产妇的剖宫产术全麻中应用的安全性和可行性。方法:选择ASA分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的产妇40例,随机分为氯胺酮全麻组(Q组)和椎管内麻醉组(Z组)。Q组方案:静注氯胺酮1mg·kg-1、司可林100 mg,气道表面麻醉后行气管插管,手术开始至胎儿娩出前一般无需追加上述药物,若追加氯胺酮其总量不超过1.5 mg·kg-1、司可林总量不超过200 mg,胎儿娩出后立即抽取胎儿脐带血行血气分析并对胎儿进行1min和5 min Apgar评分。观察产妇入室至离室各时间点的血压、心率、脉率血氧饱和度及产妇入室至手术开始所需的时间等指标。并记录两组新生儿出生后3~5 d的新生儿神经行为评分(NBNA)。结果 :在两组血气分析数值中Q组氧分压和血氧饱和度两项值均高于Z组,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),新生儿1 min和5 min Apgar评分两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。产妇的血压、心率两组间在个别时间点比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),脉率血氧饱和度两组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),产妇入室至手术开始所需的时间Q组明显短于Z组,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组新生儿NBNA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:氯胺酮可以安全地用于剖宫产术全麻中,尤其适用于危重或禁用椎管内麻醉的产妇。     

Tolerance of salivary gland botulinum toxin A injection under local anesthesia for the treatment of sialorrhea in children: An observational study

ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess tolerance of botulinum toxin A injection into the salivary glands under local anesthesia in a pediatric population. Secondary endpoints comprised efficacy and side-effects.Material and methodsA retrospective observational study included children treated between January 2013 and March 2020 for sialorrhea and/or pharyngeal salivary congestion. Children were identified from the botulinum toxin A injection database. The study included 162 injection sessions in 55 children. Injections were performed under local anesthesia with nitrous oxide, after clinical location of the site. Epidemiological and clinical data, injection tolerance on the FLACC scale, treatment response and complications were recorded.ResultsFor submandibular gland injections, pain was absent in 81 cases, mild in 64, moderate in 4 and intense in 1. In parotid gland injections, pain was absent in 45 cases, mild in 89, moderate in 17 and intense in 1. Injection tolerance was significantly poorer (P < 0.005) in parotid than submandibular glands. Seventy-seven percent of the injections had a positive effect on sialorrhea. Fifteen patients presented transient adverse events: mainly dysphagia and paradoxical increase in sialorrhea.ConclusionSalivary gland botulinum toxin A injections in under local anesthesia were well-tolerated, safe and effective for children with sialorrhea and/or pharyngeal salivary congestion.     

复方亚甲蓝长效止痛剂用于肛肠科手术后止痛的疗效及时机观察

目的：观察复方亚甲蓝长效止痛剂用于肛肠科手术后止痛的疗效及时机。方法将448例需在硬膜外麻醉下行肛肠手术治疗患者,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组。 A、C组选择传统镇痛麻醉,B、D组选择超前平衡镇痛麻醉;A、B组术中采用利多卡因、盐酸布比卡因、地塞米松联合麻醉;C、D组给予甲磺酸罗哌卡因、利多卡因、0．9％氯化钠液、地塞米松、2％亚甲蓝等制成复方亚甲蓝长效止痛剂进行麻醉。比较各组患者术后各时期疼痛视觉模拟评分（ VAS）及麻醉后并发症。结果 D组麻醉术后各时期VAS评分低于C组和B组,A组麻醉术后各时期VAS评分高于C组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。 D组麻醉后并发症发生率低于C组和B组,A组麻醉后并发症发生率高于C组,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论超前平衡镇痛联合复方亚甲蓝长效止痛剂在肛肠科手术中具有良好的镇痛效果,并且麻醉后并发症发生率较低。     

表麻下小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视

目的 :评价高度近视患者表麻下行透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术的术后效果。方法 :5 6例 10 6眼高度近视患者在表面麻醉下行小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术。使用超声乳化仪 ,但未用超声能量。平均年龄 3 8 5 9± 9 44岁 ;术前裸眼视力 0 0 1～ 0 2 ,矫正视力 0 0 5～ 1 0 ;平均近视度 (-19 47± 5 41)D ,平均眼轴长(3 0 45± 1 94)mm ,平均植入人工晶状体屈光度数 ( 3 96± 4 2 7)D。术后平均随访时间 16个月。结果 :术后裸眼视力均好于或等于术前矫正视力。术后裸眼视力≥ 0 5者 79眼 (74 5 % )。术后矫正视力≥ 0 5者 99眼 (93 4% )。术后平均屈光度 (-1 49± 1 11)D。发生后囊膜混浊及玻璃体前界膜混浊 8眼 ,无视网膜脱离及黄斑囊样水肿发生。结论 :表麻下小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术矫正高度近视 ,安全有效 ,预测性好 ,视力稳定。     

脑电熵在麻醉深度监测中的意义

随着肌松药和镇痛药等药物的联合应用,现代全身麻醉的深度、患者的意识状态常常被掩盖或难以判断.以往的传统体征(血压、心率、呼吸和瞳孔等)已不能准确地反映麻醉深度.目前,有关研究重点集中在脑电活动方面,如脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)、脑电熵(entropy)、听觉诱发电位等.现就entropy在麻醉深度监测中的意义及其研究进展作一综述,并与脑电双频指数进行比较.     

产科全身麻醉的新进展

目前椎管内麻醉仍是产科麻醉的主流,但对于急诊危重产科(重度子痫前期、HELLP综合征、妊娠合并严重心脏病等)、椎管内麻醉有禁忌或产妇拒绝椎管内麻醉等情况,全身麻醉(全麻)仍然是一种必要的选择。产科全麻主要考虑母体和胎儿两个方面,对于母体主要考虑的问题是插管困难和如何防止反流误吸,对胎儿主要考虑麻醉及药物对胎儿和新生儿的影响。     

麻醉深度对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛的影响

目的 探讨麻醉深度对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛的影响。方法 选取九江市第一人民医院行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术患者60例,随机分为低脑电双频指数（L-BIS=35～44）组和高脑电双频指数（H-BIS=45～55）组。两组患者施行相同的静脉全身麻醉,并通过调节脑电双频指数（BIS）将麻醉深度控制在不同水平,观察并记录患者苏醒时（0?h）和术后8、16和24?h的VAS评分、术后24?h内额外镇痛药的使用情况、恶心呕吐情况及镇痛满意度评分情况。结果 L-BIS组患者在静息和咳嗽时的VAS评分低于H-BIS组。H-BIS组恢复期间需要额外镇痛药的患者多于L-BIS组（P?<0.05）。L-BIS组术后24?h恶心呕吐发生率低于H-BIS组（P?<0.05）;L-BIS组术后镇痛满意度评分高于H-BIS组（P?<0.05）。结论 全身麻醉中维持L-BIS较H-BIS 对术后额外镇痛药的需求减少,恶心呕吐发生率减少,患者满意度提高。     

针刺麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉用于老年性阑尾炎切除术的临床观察

目的探讨针刺麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉在老年性阑尾炎切除术应用情况。方法选择62例阑尾炎切除术患者,随机分为针刺麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉组(观察组)和硬膜外麻醉组。两组均进行硬膜外麻醉,观察组先行硬膜外麻醉穿刺置管,平卧位后进行针刺麻醉。观察记录麻醉前、术中及术后患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉氧饱和度(SpO2);观察麻醉并发症、手术并发症、术后排气时间、术后疼痛评分及住院时间。结果针刺麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉与硬膜外麻醉组比较,患者各项生理指标变化更小、临床效果更好。结论针刺麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉在老年性阑尾炎切除术中效果明显,不良反应少。