两步法肿胀麻醉术在经腋窝胸大肌后假体隆乳术中的应用

目的：回顾性研究两步肿胀麻醉方法在经腋窝胸大肌后隆乳术中的应用效果．方法：肿胀麻醉方法分两步完成．第一步：切口及胸大肌后方路径肿胀麻醉，切开皮肤，皮下组织，分离到达胸大肌后间隙．第二步，用手指导引长钝头注射针进入胸大肌后间隙，将肿胀麻醉液直接注射到胸大肌在内、下、外侧的起始点，实现拟剥离腔隙周边直接浸润注射麻醉．结果：47例患者两步肿胀麻醉方法下完成了经腋窝胸大肌后的隆乳术，麻醉效果满意，不需要辅助静脉镇痛，手术过程无痛，无麻醉相关的并发症．结论：两步肿胀麻醉法简单，安全．可以为经腋窝胸大肌下隆乳手术提供良好的麻醉．     

80岁以上老年病人髋关节手术麻醉体会

对 2 45例 80岁以上老年病人髋关节手术的麻醉进行如下处理 :术前全面估计病人的全身情况和心、肺等重要脏器的功能状态 ,使病人的全身状态调整到最佳水平 ;首选连续硬膜外麻醉有其优点 ;小剂量、分次给药 ,避免麻醉阻滞平面过广 ;此手术创伤大 ,失血多 ,以及应用骨黏合剂 ,有可能出现心血管反应 ,应及时补充血容量 ,并纠正不良反应 ;肺组织退行性变 ,血氧分压降低 ,术中、术后常规吸氧 ;加强术后监测、护理 ,预防易发生的并发症     

Splanchnic blood flow during halothane-relaxant anaesthesia in elderly patients

We have previously found that halothane-relaxant anaesthesia in elderly patients causes a change towards a hyperkinetic circulation, with a decrease in the arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference. This could be attributed to vasodilation. In the present study the splanchnic contribution to these changes was investigated. Nine patients were studied during halothane-relaxant anaesthesia prior to surgery. During anaesthesia splanchnic blood flow was markedly reduced, while splanchnic oxygen uptake decreased only moderately compared with the awake level. This resulted in an increase in splanchnic oxygen extraction. It is concluded that the splanchnic vascular bed does not contribute to the "hyperkinetic" circulation during halothane anaesthesia.     

Central mediation of the conditioned taste aversion induced in rats by harmaline

The assumption that drugs used as unconditioned stimuli in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) studies act centrally was tested by comparing the effects of systemic and intracerebral injections of harmaline hydrochloride (H) in 340 rats. Intraperitoneal injection of 5–20 mg/kg but not of 2.5 mg/kg H administered 5 min after 15-min saccharin (0.1%) drinking decreased saccharin-water preference in a two-choice retention test, performed 48 h later, from 55% to 20%. Since CTA was not diminished when H (10 mg/kg) was injected into rats anesthetised immediately after saccharin drinking by pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), H (1.7–50 g) was administered intracerebrally to anesthetised rats fixed in the stereotaxic apparatus. Injection of 3–6 g H into the inferior olive elicited CTA comparable to that of systemic injection of 10 mg/kg H. Injections of 6 and 50 g H into cerebellum and bulbar reticular formation elicited weaker CTA while neocortical, hypothalamic and mesencephalic applications were ineffective. CTA could also be elicited when 50 g but not 6 g H was injected into the inferior olive 1 or 2 h after saccharin drinking. This delay-dependent effect and failure of non-contingent H administration to change saccharin preference indicates that the H-induced CTA is not contaminated by a non-specific increase in neophobia. It is concluded that H probably elicits CTA by activation of caudal bulbar structures, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema and lateral reticular formation.     

Vía clínica de recuperación intensificada en cirugía cardiaca. Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología,Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SEDAR), la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Endovascular (SECCE) y la Asociación Española de Perfusionistas (AEP)

The ERAS guidelines are intended to identify, disseminate and promote the implementation of the best, scientific evidence-based actions to decrease variability in clinical practice. The implementation of these practices in the global clinical process will promote better outcomes and the shortening of hospital and critical care unit stays, thereby resulting in a reduction in costs and in greater efficiency. After completing a systematic review at each of the points of the perioperative process in cardiac surgery, recommendations have been developed based on the best scientific evidence currently available with the consensus of the scientific societies involved.     

异丙酚氯胺酮混合液静脉麻醉

选择 40例 ASA ～ 级病人行异丙酚氯胺酮 (1∶ 2 )复合静脉麻醉。结果麻醉诱导后血压、心率与麻醉前相比无明显变化 ,2 0 %病人出现一过性 SPO2 下降 (<94% )。麻醉诱导苏醒快 ,满意率高 ,恢复期无精神症状。表明异丙酚可控制氯胺酮的心血管兴奋作用和恢复期精神症状 ,氯胺酮可减轻异丙酚的心血管抑制作用。两者配伍是一种较好的短效静脉麻醉方式 ,但仍存在呼吸抑制作用 ,应引起注意。