大剂量脑脊液等量置换及椎管内尿激酶注射救治蛛网膜下腔出血的临床研究

目的　探索救治蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)患者的有效方法。方法　对经头颅螺旋CT或磁共振成像及腰穿确定 ,有剧烈头痛、恶心、呕吐 ,应用常规降颅压及止痛无效的 2 8例SAH患者 ,用大剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液和椎管内尿激酶注射治疗 ,并与对照 1组单纯大剂量脑脊液置换 10例和对照 2组单纯小剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液 12例进行比较。结果　治疗组 18例即刻 (1h)、2 4h、72h、5d症状明显减轻至消失 ,72h缓解 2 7例 (96 .4 %) ,所有患者均未出现速发或迟发性脑血管痉挛 (CVS)现象。对照 1组 10例 72h缓解 6例 (6 0 %) ,1例发生迟发性CVS征象 ,与治疗组比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照 2组 2例 2 4h内症状明显减轻 ,72h基本缓解 ,其他患者症状持续时间均在 72h以上 ,最长持续达 1周 ,4例 (33%)发生迟发性CVS ,死亡 2例。结论　应用大剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液可快速消除SAH患者之急性症状 ,对CVS也有较好治疗和预防作用 ,而早期加用小剂量尿激酶椎管内注射 ,可以明显提高以上疗效 ,同时又不会增加再出血的危险     

La ivabradina induce cardioprotección previniendo la degradación de la matriz extracelular inducida por shock cardiogénico

Introduction and objectivesIvabradine reduces heart rate by blocking the I(f) current and preserves blood pressure and stroke volume through unknown mechanisms. Caveolin-3 protects the heart by forming protein complexes with several proteins, including extracellular matrix (ECM)-metalloproteinase-inducer (EMMPRIN) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HN4), a target of ivabradine. We hypothesized that ivabradine might also exert cardioprotective effects through inhibition of ECM degradation.MethodsIn a porcine model of cardiogenic shock, we studied the effects of ivabradine on heart integrity, the levels of MMP-9 and EMMPRIN, and the stability of caveolin-3/HCN4 protein complexes with EMMPRIN.ResultsAdministration of 0.3 mg/kg ivabradine significantly reduced cardiogenic shock-induced ventricular necrosis and expression of MMP-9 without affecting EMMPRIN mRNA, protein, or protein glycosylation (required for MMP activation). However, ivabradine increased the levels of the caveolin-3/LG-EMMPRIN (low-glycosylated EMMPRIN) and caveolin-3/HCN4 protein complexes and decreased that of a new complex between HCN4 and high-glycosylated EMMPRIN formed in response to cardiogenic shock. We next tested whether caveolin-3 can bind to HCN4 and EMMPRIN and found that the HCN4/EMMPRIN complex was preserved when we silenced caveolin-3 expression, indicating a direct interaction between these 2 proteins. Similarly, EMMPRIN-silenced cells showed a significant reduction in the binding of caveolin-3/HCN4, which regulates the I(f) current, suggesting that, rather than a direct interaction, both proteins bind to EMMPRIN.ConclusionsIn addition to inhibition of the I(f) current, ivabradine may induce cardiac protection by inhibiting ECM degradation through preservation of the caveolin-3/LG-EMMPRIN complex and control heart rate by stabilizing the caveolin-3/HCN4 complex.     

Acquired supravalvular pulmonary stenosis due to extrinsic compression by a metastatic thymic carcinoid tumor

Acquired pulmonary artery stenosis is rare. There are two main types, firstly intrinsic disease of the pulmonary valve itself, such as carcinoid heart disease. Secondly, extrinsic compression of the pulmonary artery from a mediastinal structure. We report a case of acquired pulmonary supravalvular stenosis due to extrinsic compression by a carcinoid mediastinal tumor, confirmed by echocardiographic imaging/Doppler interrogation and computerized tomography.     

Left predominant coronary circulation in patients with valvular aortic stenoses

This study was conducted to examine whether a correlation exists between the incidence of aortic stenosis and predominant left coronary perfusion. Therefore, coronary angiograms of 77 patients with mitral stenosis (Group 1), 50 patients with combined mitral valve disease and pure mitral insufficiency (Group 2), 61 patients with aortic insufficiency with or without mitral valve disease (Group 3), 49 patients with pure aortic stenosis (Group 4), and 69 patients with combined aortic valve disease and aortic stenosis with concomitant mitral valve disease (Group 5) were reviewed. Group 6 consisted of 20 patients with coronary heart disease. A statistically significant accumulation of left coronary circulation was found in patients with pure aortic stenosis (Group 4) (33%) as well as in patients with combined aortic valve disease (19%). The frequency of predominant left coronary circulation was comparable in all other patients (Group 1: 8%; Group 2: 10%; Group 3: 8%; Group 6: 7.5%). Thus, the presence of left predominance in a diagnostic coronary arteriogram performed in a patient with aortic stenosis could be a clue that the aortic stenosis is congenital.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of ostial lesions of internal mammary artery grafts.

The internal mammary artery (IMA) is currently the best graft for coronary bypass surgery and is therefore preferentially anastomosed to major arteries, usually the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. This graft may develop a stenosis, most often at the distal anastomosis. Ostial stenoses are rare and their pathophysiology uncertain. While angioplasty of distal anastomotic lesions provides adequate results, the very small number of published cases of angioplasty of ostial lesions explains the lack of knowledge on results of this type of procedure. The authors report six procedures of this type on five patients, including two with stenting. The primary success rate was 100%, with only one hospital complication in the form of pulmonary edema. Mean follow-up for 35 months revealed one sudden death due to probable restenosis, another death 3 years after angioplasty from rapid fatal shock without complementary investigation, and one case of unstable angina secondary to intrastent restenosis. These results suggest that this type of angioplasty is technically feasible with low risk, and that the restenosis rate seems relatively high, potentially presenting as sudden death, in the same way as unprotected dilatation of the native left main artery. A very close clinical follow-up of these patients is therefore necessary, with angiographic control in case of suspected ischemia.     

Combined aortic and mitral stenosis in mucopolysaccharidosis type I-S (Ullrich-Scheie syndrome)

The genetic mucopolysaccharidosis syndromes (MPS) are autosomal recessive inborn errors of metabolism. Heart valve involvement in MPS is not uncommon but only a few case reports of successful cardiac surgery are available. In particular, reports of combined aortic and mitral stenosis associated with MPS type I-S are very rare. Both type I and type VI MPS are associated with significant left sided valvar heart disease that requires surgical valve replacement because of irregular valve thickening, fibrosis, and calcification. A 35 year old man had severe mitral valve stenosis after successful surgical replacement of a stenotic aortic valve. Valvar heart disease was investigated by cardiac ultrasound and left heart catheterisation. Histomorphological characterisation of the affected mitral valve was performed. The case illustrates typically associated clinical features of cardiac and extracardiac abnormalities found in MPS type I-S.     

双套管肛管对腹腔镜辅助下中低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的预防效果分析

目的探讨双套管肛管对腹腔镜辅助下中低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的预防效果。方法100例行腹腔镜辅助下中低位直肠癌前切除术患者,根据预防术后吻合口瘘方法不同分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组患者使用传统腹腔引流方法,观察组患者使用双套管引流联合肛门直肠双套管持续低压冲洗方法。比较两组吻合口瘘发生情况及并发症发生情况、二次手术情况、术后6个月吻合口狭窄情况、引流管放置时间、住院情况。结果观察组吻合口瘘发生率稍低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组吻合口瘘发生时间均为(7.2±1.5)d,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组吻合口瘘相关并发症发生率10.00%、其他并发症发生率6.00%均低于对照组的26.00%、20.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组二次手术率0、术后6个月吻合口狭窄率0均低于对照组的10.00%、8.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组引流管放置时间(9.5±2.7)d、住院时间(15.5±4.8)d短于对照组的(15.4±4.3)、(21.3±5.7)d,住院费用(43547±3256)元少于对照组的(53439±4798)元,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论双套管肛管对腹腔镜辅助下中低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘有一定预防效果,但不能降低吻合口瘘发生率,能缩短术后引流时间及住院时间,降低二次手术率,值得推广使用。     

Inflammatory markers in acute myocardial infarction and the correlation with the severity of coronary heart disease

IntroductionThe inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis is appealing in acute coronary syndromes, but the dynamics and precise role are not established.ObjectivesThe study investigates the levels of C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) at the time of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and at 1 and 6 months afterwards, compared with a control group.ResultsIn the acute phase of AMI, CRP and SDF-1α were significantly higher, while IL-1β showed lower levels compared with controls. CRP positively correlated with coronary stenosis severity (rho = 0.3, p=.05) and negatively related with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) at 1 month (rho= −0.43, p=.05). IL-1β weakly correlated with the severity of coronary lesions (rho =0.29, p=.02) and strongly with LVEF (rho= −0.8, p=.05). SDF-1α, slightly correlated with LVEF at 1 month (rho = 0.22, p=.01) and with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis (rho= −0.41, p=.003).ConclusionsCRP, IL-1β and SDF-1α have important dynamic in the first 6 months after AMI and CRP and SDF-1α levels correlated with the severity of coronary lesions and LVEF at 1 month after the acute ischaemic event.     

人工膨肺技术在颈髓损伤气管切开患者肺康复中的应用

目的 探讨人工膨肺技术在颈髓损伤气管切开患者肺康复中的应用效果。 方法 将2017年1月—2019年9月收治的66例颈髓损伤并行气管切开的患者按SPSS系统产生区组随机数字表分为试验组和对照组,每组33例,试验组在雾化吸入、震动排痰、腹部挤压后吸痰等常规肺康复护理的基础上增加人工膨肺技术,对照组采用常规肺康复护理。比较实施肺康复前和实施肺康复4周后两组的肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容积、最大呼气量以及干预期间两组的肺不张发生率。 结果 干预4周后,试验组的肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容量、最大呼气量分别是（4.17±0.70） L、（3.86±0.94） L、（266.67±36.70） L均高于对照组的（3.06±0.73） L、（2.91±0.72） L、（221.73±19.53） L,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组、对照组的肺不张发生率分别为3.03%、24.24%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 人工膨肺技术应用于颈髓损伤气管切开患者中能够有效提高患者的肺功能,增加患者肺部的顺应性,减少患者肺不张、肺塌陷的发生,明显改善患者肺康复的效果。     

Activation profile of dorsal root ganglia Iba-1 (+) macrophages varies with the type of lesion in rats

The interactions between neurons, immune and immune-like glial cells can initiate the abnormal processes that underlie neuropathic pain. In the peripheral nervous system the resident macrophages may play an important role. In this study we investigated in experimental adult Sprague-Dawley rats how Iba-1 (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1) (+) resident macrophages in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are activated after a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The activation profile was defined by comparing the responses of resident macrophages against microglia in the spinal cord as they share a common origin. After SNL, the Iba-1 (+) macrophages in L5 DRG reached their activation peak 5 days later, clustered as satellite cells around large A-neurons, expressed the MHC-II marker, but did not show p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 activation and did not secrete IL-18. After STZ-induced diabetes, the Iba-1 (+) macrophages reached their activation peak 1 week later in L4 and L5 DRG, remained scattered between neurons, expressed the MHC-II marker only in L5 DRG, did not show p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 activation and did not secrete any of the investigated cytokines/chemokines. These responses suggest that depending on the type of lesion DRG Iba-1 (+) resident macrophages have different activation mechanisms, which are dissimilar to those in microglia.